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3581. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
作者: J M Bathon.;R W Martin.;R M Fleischmann.;J R Tesser.;M H Schiff.;E C Keystone.;M C Genovese.;M C Wasko.;L W Moreland.;A L Weaver.;J Markenson.;B K Finck.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷22期1586-93页
Etanercept, which blocks the action of tumor necrosis factor, reduces disease activity in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Its efficacy in reducing disease activity and preventing joint damage in patients with active early rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.
3582. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group.
作者: C Bombardier.;L Laine.;A Reicin.;D Shapiro.;R Burgos-Vargas.;B Davis.;R Day.;M B Ferraz.;C J Hawkey.;M C Hochberg.;T K Kvien.;T J Schnitzer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1520-8, 2 p following 1528页
Each year, clinical upper gastrointestinal events occur in 2 to 4 percent of patients who are taking nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We assessed whether rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, would be associated with a lower incidence of clinically important upper gastrointestinal events than is the nonselective NSAID naproxen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
3583. Intrathecal methylprednisolone for intractable postherpetic neuralgia.
作者: N Kotani.;T Kushikata.;H Hashimoto.;F Kimura.;M Muraoka.;M Yodono.;M Asai.;A Matsuki.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1514-9页
There is no effective treatment for intractable postherpetic neuralgia. Because there is evidence that postherpetic neuralgia has an inflammatory component, we assessed treatment with intrathecally administered methylprednisolone to reduce pain in patients with this disorder.
3584. Prevention of hip fracture in elderly people with use of a hip protector.
作者: P Kannus.;J Parkkari.;S Niemi.;M Pasanen.;M Palvanen.;M Järvinen.;I Vuori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1506-13页
Hip fractures are common in frail elderly adults worldwide. We investigated the effect of an anatomically designed external hip protector on the risk of these age-related fractures.
3585. Atovaquone and azithromycin for the treatment of babesiosis.
作者: P J Krause.;T Lepore.;V K Sikand.;J Gadbaw.;G Burke.;S R Telford.;P Brassard.;D Pearl.;J Azlanzadeh.;D Christianson.;D McGrath.;A Spielman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷20期1454-8页
Babesiosis is a tick-borne, malaria-like illness known to be enzootic in southern New England. A course of clindamycin and quinine is the standard treatment, but this regimen frequently causes adverse reactions and occasionally fails. A promising alternative treatment is atovaquone plus azithromycin.
3586. Safety of withholding heparin in pregnant women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Recurrence of Clot in This Pregnancy Study Group.
作者: P Brill-Edwards.;J S Ginsberg.;M Gent.;J Hirsh.;R Burrows.;C Kearon.;W Geerts.;M Kovacs.;J I Weitz.;K S Robinson.;R Whittom.;G Couture.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷20期1439-44页
Women with a history of venous thromboembolism may be at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy. In these women, the decision to give or withhold heparin in the antepartum period is controversial, because accurate estimates of the frequency of recurrent thromboembolic events if antepartum heparin is withheld are not available.
3587. Effects of intrathecal morphine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia.
作者: P L Bailey.;J K Lu.;N L Pace.;J A Orr.;J L White.;E A Hamber.;M H Slawson.;D J Crouch.;D E Rollins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷17期1228-34页
Intrathecal administration of morphine produces intense analgesia, but it depresses respiration, an effect that can be life-threatening. Whether intrathecal morphine affects the ventilatory response to hypoxia, however, is not known.
3588. A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
作者: S M Keller.;S Adak.;H Wagner.;A Herskovic.;R Komaki.;B J Brooks.;M C Perry.;R B Livingston.;D H Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷17期1217-22页
We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether combination chemotherapy plus thoracic radiotherapy is superior to thoracic radiotherapy alone in prolonging survival and preventing local recurrence in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer.
3589. A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone for opioid dependence.
作者: R E Johnson.;M A Chutuape.;E C Strain.;S L Walsh.;M L Stitzer.;G E Bigelow.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷18期1290-7页
Opioid dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder with important public health implications.
3590. Inhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families. Zanamivir Family Study Group.
作者: F G Hayden.;L V Gubareva.;A S Monto.;T C Klein.;M J Elliot.;J M Hammond.;S J Sharp.;M J Ossi.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷18期1282-9页
As prophylaxis against influenza in families, amantadine and rimantadine have had inconsistent effectiveness, partly because of the transmission of drug-resistant variants from treated index patients. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inhaled zanamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza in families.
3591. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Hong Kong-Guangzhou Nephrology Study Group.
作者: T M Chan.;F K Li.;C S Tang.;R W Wong.;G X Fang.;Y L Ji.;C S Lau.;A K Wong.;M K Tong.;K W Chan.;K N Lai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷16期1156-62页
The combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone is effective for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis but has serious adverse effects. Whether mycophenolate mofetil can be substituted for cyclophosphamide is not known.
3592. Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease.
In patients with unstable coronary artery disease, there is a relation between the short-term risk of death and blood levels of troponin T (a marker of myocardial damage) and C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (markers of inflammation). Using information obtained during an extension of the follow-up period in the Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease trial, we evaluated the usefulness of troponin T, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels and other indicators of risk as predictors of the long-term risk of death from cardiac causes.
3593. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
作者: O Langer.;D L Conway.;M D Berkus.;E M Xenakis.;O Gonzales.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷16期1134-8页
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are rarely treated with a sulfonylurea drug, because of concern about teratogenicity and neonatal hypoglycemia. There is little information about the efficacy of these drugs in this group of women.
3594. Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people.
Most totally blind people have circadian rhythms that are "free-running" (i.e., that are not synchronized to environmental time cues and that oscillate on a cycle slightly longer than 24 hours). This condition causes recurrent insomnia and daytime sleepiness when the rhythms drift out of phase with the normal 24-hour cycle. We investigated whether a daily dose of melatonin could entrain their circadian rhythms to a normal 24-hour cycle.
3595. Effect of long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide on adult height in children with asthma.
Short-term studies have shown that inhaled corticosteroids may reduce the growth of children with asthma. However, the effect of long-term treatment on adult height is uncertain.
3596. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma.
作者: .;Stanley Szefler.;Scott Weiss.;James Tonascia.;N Franklin Adkinson.;Bruce Bender.;Reuben Cherniack.;Michele Donithan.;H William Kelly.;Joseph Reisman.;Gail G Shapiro.;Alice L Sternberg.;Robert Strunk.;Virginia Taggart.;Mark Van Natta.;Robert Wise.;Margaret Wu.;Robert Zeiger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷15期1054-63页
Antiinflammatory therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids or nedocromil, are recommended for children with asthma, although there is limited information on their long-term use.
3597. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators.
作者: M Lallemant.;G Jourdain.;S Le Coeur.;S Kim.;S Koetsawang.;A M Comeau.;W Phoolcharoen.;M Essex.;K McIntosh.;V Vithayasai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷14期982-91页
The optimal duration of zidovudine administration to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should be determined to facilitate its use in areas where resources are limited.
3598. Effect of growth hormone treatment on the adult height of children with chronic renal failure. German Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment in Chronic Renal Failure.
作者: D Haffner.;F Schaefer.;R Nissel.;E Wühl.;B Tönshoff.;O Mehls.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期923-30页
Growth hormone treatment stimulates growth in short children with chronic renal failure. However, the extent to which this therapy increases final adult height is not known.
3599. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group.
作者: L B Saltz.;J V Cox.;C Blanke.;L S Rosen.;L Fehrenbacher.;M J Moore.;J A Maroun.;S P Ackland.;P K Locker.;N Pirotta.;G L Elfring.;L L Miller.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期905-14页
The combination of fluorouracil and leucovorin has until recently been standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan prolongs survival in patients with colorectal cancer that is refractory to treatment with fluorouracil and leucovorin. In a multicenter trial, we compared a combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin with bolus doses of fluorouracil and leucovorin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A third group of patients received irinotecan alone.
3600. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group.
作者: L D Jacobs.;R W Beck.;J H Simon.;R P Kinkel.;C M Brownscheidle.;T J Murray.;N A Simonian.;P J Slasor.;A W Sandrock.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期898-904页
Treatment with interferon beta has been shown to help patients with established multiple sclerosis, but it is not known whether initiating treatment at the time of a first clinical demyelinating event is of value.
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