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342. Neoadjuvant Cemiplimab for Stage II to IV Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma.
作者: Neil D Gross.;David M Miller.;Nikhil I Khushalani.;Vasu Divi.;Emily S Ruiz.;Evan J Lipson.;Friedegund Meier.;Yungpo B Su.;Paul L Swiecicki.;Jennifer Atlas.;Jessica L Geiger.;Axel Hauschild.;Jennifer H Choe.;Brett G M Hughes.;Dirk Schadendorf.;Vishal A Patel.;Jade Homsi.;Janis M Taube.;Annette M Lim.;Renata Ferrarotto.;Howard L Kaufman.;Frank Seebach.;Israel Lowy.;Suk-Young Yoo.;Melissa Mathias.;Keilah Fenech.;Hyunsil Han.;Matthew G Fury.;Danny Rischin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷17期1557-1568页
In a pilot study involving patients with cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, a high percentage of patients had a pathological complete response with the use of two doses of neoadjuvant cemiplimab before surgery. Data from a phase 2 study are needed to confirm these findings.
343. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 after mRNA-1273 Vaccination.
作者: Xiaoying Shen.;Spyros Chalkias.;Jing Feng.;Xing Chen.;Honghong Zhou.;Jean-Claude Marshall.;Bethany Girard.;Joanne E Tomassini.;Anne Aunins.;Rituparna Das.;David C Montefiori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷13期1234-1236页 344. Randomized Trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine for Covid-19.
作者: Carolyn T Bramante.;Jared D Huling.;Christopher J Tignanelli.;John B Buse.;David M Liebovitz.;Jacinda M Nicklas.;Kenneth Cohen.;Michael A Puskarich.;Hrishikesh K Belani.;Jennifer L Proper.;Lianne K Siegel.;Nichole R Klatt.;David J Odde.;Darlette G Luke.;Blake Anderson.;Amy B Karger.;Nicholas E Ingraham.;Katrina M Hartman.;Via Rao.;Aubrey A Hagen.;Barkha Patel.;Sarah L Fenno.;Nandini Avula.;Neha V Reddy.;Spencer M Erickson.;Sarah Lindberg.;Regina Fricton.;Samuel Lee.;Adnin Zaman.;Hanna G Saveraid.;Walker J Tordsen.;Matthew F Pullen.;Michelle Biros.;Nancy E Sherwood.;Jennifer L Thompson.;David R Boulware.;Thomas A Murray.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷7期599-610页
Early treatment to prevent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an important component of the comprehensive response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
346. Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants.
作者: Panke Qu.;Julia N Faraone.;John P Evans.;Yi-Min Zheng.;Lianbo Yu.;Qin Ma.;Claire Carlin.;Gerard Lozanski.;Linda J Saif.;Eugene M Oltz.;Richard J Gumina.;Shan-Lu Liu.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷14期1329-1331页 349. Bronchodilators in Tobacco-Exposed Persons with Symptoms and Preserved Lung Function.
作者: MeiLan K Han.;Wen Ye.;Di Wang.;Emily White.;Mehrdad Arjomandi.;Igor Z Barjaktarevic.;Stacey-Ann Brown.;Russell G Buhr.;Alejandro P Comellas.;Christopher B Cooper.;Gerard J Criner.;Mark T Dransfield.;Frank Drescher.;Rodney J Folz.;Nadia N Hansel.;Ravi Kalhan.;Robert J Kaner.;Richard E Kanner.;Jerry A Krishnan.;Stephen C Lazarus.;Veeranna Maddipati.;Fernando J Martinez.;Anne Mathews.;Catherine Meldrum.;Charlene McEvoy.;Toru Nyunoya.;Linda Rogers.;William W Stringer.;Christine H Wendt.;Robert A Wise.;Stephen R Wisniewski.;Frank C Sciurba.;Prescott G Woodruff.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷13期1173-1184页
Many persons with a history of smoking tobacco have clinically significant respiratory symptoms despite an absence of airflow obstruction as assessed by spirometry. They are often treated with medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but supporting evidence for this treatment is lacking.
350. Bedaquiline-Pretomanid-Linezolid Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
作者: Francesca Conradie.;Tatevik R Bagdasaryan.;Sergey Borisov.;Pauline Howell.;Lali Mikiashvili.;Nosipho Ngubane.;Anastasia Samoilova.;Sergey Skornykova.;Elena Tudor.;Ebrahim Variava.;Petr Yablonskiy.;Daniel Everitt.;Genevieve H Wills.;Eugene Sun.;Morounfolu Olugbosi.;Erica Egizi.;Mengchun Li.;Alda Holsta.;Juliano Timm.;Anna Bateson.;Angela M Crook.;Stella M Fabiane.;Robert Hunt.;Timothy D McHugh.;Conor D Tweed.;Salah Foraida.;Carl M Mendel.;Melvin Spigelman.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷9期810-823页
The bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid regimen has been reported to have 90% efficacy against highly drug-resistant tuberculosis, but the incidence of adverse events with 1200 mg of linezolid daily has been high. The appropriate dose of linezolid and duration of treatment with this agent to minimize toxic effects while maintaining efficacy against highly drug-resistant tuberculosis are unclear.
351. Dolutegravir in Pregnancy as Compared with Current HIV Regimens in the United States.
作者: Kunjal Patel.;Yanling Huo.;Jennifer Jao.;Kathleen M Powis.;Paige L Williams.;Deborah Kacanek.;Lynn M Yee.;Ellen G Chadwick.;Stephanie Shiau.;Denise L Jacobson.;Sean S Brummel.;Leila Sultan-Beyer.;Christian R Kahlert.;Rebecca Zash.;George R Seage.; .; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷9期799-809页
Data on the effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in pregnancy as compared with other ART regimens commonly used in the United States and Europe, particularly when initiated before conception, are limited.
353. Risk of BA.5 Infection among Persons Exposed to Previous SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
作者: João Malato.;Ruy M Ribeiro.;Pedro P Leite.;Pedro Casaca.;Eugénia Fernandes.;Carlos Antunes.;Válter R Fonseca.;Manuel C Gomes.;Luis Graca.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷10期953-954页 354. Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction.
作者: Scott D Solomon.;John J V McMurray.;Brian Claggett.;Rudolf A de Boer.;David DeMets.;Adrian F Hernandez.;Silvio E Inzucchi.;Mikhail N Kosiborod.;Carolyn S P Lam.;Felipe Martinez.;Sanjiv J Shah.;Akshay S Desai.;Pardeep S Jhund.;Jan Belohlavek.;Chern-En Chiang.;C Jan Willem Borleffs.;Josep Comin-Colet.;Dan Dobreanu.;Jaroslaw Drozdz.;James C Fang.;Marco Antonio Alcocer-Gamba.;Waleed Al Habeeb.;Yaling Han.;Jose Walter Cabrera Honorio.;Stefan P Janssens.;Tzvetana Katova.;Masafumi Kitakaze.;Béla Merkely.;Eileen O'Meara.;Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva.;Sergey N Tereshchenko.;Jorge Thierer.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Orly Vardeny.;Subodh Verma.;Vinh Nguyen Pham.;Ulrica Wilderäng.;Natalia Zaozerska.;Erasmus Bachus.;Daniel Lindholm.;Magnus Petersson.;Anna Maria Langkilde.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷12期1089-1098页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death among patients with chronic heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less. Whether SGLT2 inhibitors are effective in patients with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction remains less certain.
355. Nirmatrelvir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes during the Omicron Surge.
作者: Ronen Arbel.;Yael Wolff Sagy.;Moshe Hoshen.;Erez Battat.;Gil Lavie.;Ruslan Sergienko.;Michael Friger.;Jacob G Waxman.;Noa Dagan.;Ran Balicer.;Yatir Ben-Shlomo.;Alon Peretz.;Shlomit Yaron.;Danielle Serby.;Ariel Hammerman.;Doron Netzer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷9期790-798页
The oral protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir has shown substantial efficacy in high-risk, unvaccinated patients infected with the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data regarding the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir in preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outcomes from the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant are limited.
358. Removal of Small, Asymptomatic Kidney Stones and Incidence of Relapse.
作者: Mathew D Sorensen.;Jonathan D Harper.;Michael S Borofsky.;Tariq A Hameed.;Kimberly J Smoot.;Barbara H Burke.;Branda J Levchak.;James C Williams.;Michael R Bailey.;Ziyue Liu.;James E Lingeman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷6期506-513页
The benefits of removing small (≤6 mm), asymptomatic kidney stones endoscopically is unknown. Current guidelines leave such decisions to the urologist and the patient. A prospective study involving older, nonendoscopic technology and some retrospective studies favor observation. However, published data indicate that about half of small renal stones left in place at the time that larger stones were removed caused other symptomatic events within 5 years after surgery.
359. Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults.
作者: Meryl S LeBoff.;Sharon H Chou.;Kristin A Ratliff.;Nancy R Cook.;Bharti Khurana.;Eunjung Kim.;Peggy M Cawthon.;Douglas C Bauer.;Dennis Black.;J Chris Gallagher.;I-Min Lee.;Julie E Buring.;JoAnn E Manson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷4期299-309页
Vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for bone health in the general population, but data on whether they prevent fractures have been inconsistent.
360. Low-Dose Subcutaneous or Intravenous Monoclonal Antibody to Prevent Malaria.
作者: Richard L Wu.;Azza H Idris.;Nina M Berkowitz.;Myra Happe.;Martin R Gaudinski.;Christian Buettner.;Larisa Strom.;Seemal F Awan.;LaSonji A Holman.;Floreliz Mendoza.;Ingelise J Gordon.;Zonghui Hu.;Andrezza Campos Chagas.;Lawrence T Wang.;Lais Da Silva Pereira.;Joseph R Francica.;Neville K Kisalu.;Barbara J Flynn.;Wei Shi.;Wing-Pui Kong.;Sarah O'Connell.;Sarah H Plummer.;Allison Beck.;Adrian McDermott.;Sandeep R Narpala.;Leonid Serebryannyy.;Mike Castro.;Rosa Silva.;Marjaan Imam.;Iris Pittman.;Somia P Hickman.;Andrew J McDougal.;Ashly E Lukoskie.;Jittawadee R Murphy.;Jason G Gall.;Kevin Carlton.;Patricia Morgan.;Ellie Seo.;Judy A Stein.;Sandra Vazquez.;Shinyi Telscher.;Edmund V Capparelli.;Emily E Coates.;John R Mascola.;Julie E Ledgerwood.;Lesia K Dropulic.;Robert A Seder.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2022年387卷5期397-407页
New approaches for the prevention and elimination of malaria, a leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children globally, are needed.
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