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3501. Pamidronate to prevent bone loss during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
作者: M R Smith.;F J McGovern.;A L Zietman.;M A Fallon.;D L Hayden.;D A Schoenfeld.;P W Kantoff.;J S Finkelstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷13期948-55页
Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of fracture in men with prostate cancer. We conducted a controlled study of the prevention of osteoporosis in men undergoing treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
3502. Selective postoperative inhibition of gastrointestinal opioid receptors.
作者: A Taguchi.;N Sharma.;R M Saleem.;D I Sessler.;R L Carpenter.;M Seyedsadr.;A Kurz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷13期935-40页
Postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function and resumption of oral intake are critical determinants of the length of hospital stay. Although opioids are effective treatments for postoperative pain, they contribute to the delayed recovery of gastrointestinal function.
3503. Medical treatment for neurocysticercosis characterized by giant subarachnoid cysts.
作者: J V Proaño.;I Madrazo.;F Avelar.;B López-Félix.;G Díaz.;I Grijalva.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷12期879-85页
Infection with the larval form of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, can lead to the development of cysts in the brain. Surgical removal of cysts has been the accepted treatment for neurocysticercosis characterized by giant cysts when there is associated intracranial hypertension.
3504. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
作者: H H Parving.;H Lehnert.;J Bröchner-Mortensen.;R Gomis.;S Andersen.;P Arner.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷12期870-8页
Microalbuminuria and hypertension are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system slows the progression to diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes, but similar data are lacking for hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist irbesartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.
3505. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
作者: B M Brenner.;M E Cooper.;D de Zeeuw.;W F Keane.;W E Mitch.;H H Parving.;G Remuzzi.;S M Snapinn.;Z Zhang.;S Shahinfar.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷12期861-9页
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Interruption of the renin-angiotensin system slows the progression of renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes, but similar data are not available for patients with type 2, the most common form of diabetes. We assessed the role of the angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
3506. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes.
作者: E J Lewis.;L G Hunsicker.;W R Clarke.;T Berl.;M A Pohl.;J B Lewis.;E Ritz.;R C Atkins.;R Rohde.;I Raz.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷12期851-60页
It is unknown whether either the angiotensin-II-receptor blocker irbesartan or the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of its capacity to lower the systemic blood pressure.
3507. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.
作者: J S Macdonald.;S R Smalley.;J Benedetti.;S A Hundahl.;N C Estes.;G N Stemmermann.;D G Haller.;J A Ajani.;L L Gunderson.;J M Jessup.;J A Martenson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷10期725-30页
Surgical resection of adenocarcinoma of the stomach is curative in less than 40 percent of cases. We investigated the effect of surgery plus postoperative (adjuvant) chemoradiotherapy on the survival of patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.
3508. Endoscopic ligation compared with combined treatment with nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding.
作者: C Villanueva.;J Miñana.;J Ortiz.;A Gallego.;G Soriano.;X Torras.;S Sáinz.;J Boadas.;X Cussó.;C Guarner.;J Balanzó.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷9期647-55页
After an episode of acute bleeding from esophageal varices, patients are at high risk for recurrent bleeding and death. We compared two treatments to prevent recurrent bleeding--endoscopic ligation and combined medical therapy with nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate.
3509. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer.
作者: E Kapiteijn.;C A Marijnen.;I D Nagtegaal.;H Putter.;W H Steup.;T Wiggers.;H J Rutten.;L Pahlman.;B Glimelius.;J H van Krieken.;J W Leer.;C J van de Velde.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷9期638-46页
Short-term preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision have each been shown to improve local control of disease in patients with resectable rectal cancer. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to determine whether the addition of preoperative radiotherapy increases the benefit of total mesorectal excision.
3510. A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the treatment of out-of-hospital status epilepticus.
作者: B K Alldredge.;A M Gelb.;S M Isaacs.;M D Corry.;F Allen.;S Ulrich.;M D Gottwald.;N O'Neil.;J M Neuhaus.;M R Segal.;D H Lowenstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷9期631-7页
It is uncertain whether the administration of benzodiazepines by paramedics is an effective and safe treatment for out-of-hospital status epilepticus.
3511. Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure.
作者: L Gattinoni.;G Tognoni.;A Pesenti.;P Taccone.;D Mascheroni.;V Labarta.;R Malacrida.;P Di Giulio.;R Fumagalli.;P Pelosi.;L Brazzi.;R Latini.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷8期568-73页
Although placing patients with acute respiratory failure in a prone (face down) position improves their oxygenation 60 to 70 percent of the time, the effect on survival is not known.
3512. One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and examination of the distal colon.
Fecal occult-blood testing and sigmoidoscopy have been recommended for screening for colorectal cancer, but the sensitivity of such combined testing for detecting neoplasia is uncertain. At 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers, we performed colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of neoplasia and the sensitivity of one-time screening with a fecal occult-blood test plus sigmoidoscopy.
3513. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation.
作者: S Yusuf.;F Zhao.;S R Mehta.;S Chrolavicius.;G Tognoni.;K K Fox.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷7期494-502页
Despite current treatments, patients who have acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation have high rates of major vascular events. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel when given with aspirin in such patients.
3514. Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection.
作者: M A Klebanoff.;J C Carey.;J C Hauth.;S L Hillier.;R P Nugent.;E A Thom.;J M Ernest.;R P Heine.;R J Wapner.;W Trout.;A Moawad.;K J Leveno.;M Miodovnik.;B M Sibai.;J P Van Dorsten.;M P Dombrowski.;M J O'Sullivan.;M Varner.;O Langer.;D McNellis.;J M Roberts.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷7期487-93页
Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis during pregnancy has been associated with preterm delivery. It is uncertain whether treatment of asymptomatic trichomoniasis in pregnant women reduces the occurrence of preterm delivery.
3515. Nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both after the failure of nucleoside treatment of HIV infection.
作者: M A Albrecht.;R J Bosch.;S M Hammer.;S H Liou.;H Kessler.;M F Para.;J Eron.;H Valdez.;M Dehlinger.;D A Katzenstein.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷6期398-407页
The optimal antiretroviral treatment for patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia despite treatment with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (nucleoside analogues) remains uncertain. We studied treatment with regimens that combined two nucleoside analogues, at least one of which was new, with the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, the nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz, or both.
3516. Resumption of driving after life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
作者: T Akiyama.;J L Powell.;L B Mitchell.;F A Ehlert.;C Baessler.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷6期391-7页
Although the privilege of driving must be respected, it may be necessary to restrict driving when it poses a threat to others. The risks associated with allowing patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias to drive have not been quantified.
3517. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy.
Randomized trials of surgery for epilepsy have not been conducted, because of the difficulties involved in designing and implementing feasible studies. The lack of data supporting the therapeutic usefulness of surgery precludes making strong recommendations for patients with epilepsy. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy.
3518. Treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis by selective targeting of memory effector T lymphocytes.
Psoriatic plaques are characterized by infiltration with CD4+ CD45RO+ and CD8+ CD45RO+ memory effector T lymphocytes. The recombinant protein alefacept binds to CD2 on memory effector T lymphocytes, inhibiting their activation.
3519. Efficacy of the anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin BL22 in chemotherapy-resistant hairy-cell leukemia.
作者: R J Kreitman.;W H Wilson.;K Bergeron.;M Raggio.;M Stetler-Stevenson.;D J FitzGerald.;I Pastan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷4期241-7页
Hairy-cell leukemia that is resistant to treatment with purine analogues, including cladribine, has a poor prognosis. We tested the safety and efficacy of an immunotoxin directed against a surface antigen that is strongly expressed by leukemic hairy cells.
3520. Three months versus one year of oral anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic deep venous thrombosis. Warfarin Optimal Duration Italian Trial Investigators.
作者: G Agnelli.;P Prandoni.;M G Santamaria.;P Bagatella.;A Iorio.;M Bazzan.;M Moia.;G Guazzaloca.;A Bertoldi.;C Tomasi.;G Scannapieco.;W Ageno.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷3期165-9页
In patients with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis, continuing anticoagulant therapy beyond three months is associated with a reduced incidence of recurrent thrombosis during the period of therapy. Whether this benefit persists after anticoagulant therapy is discontinued is controversial.
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