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3461. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia.
作者: Stephen A Bernard.;Timothy W Gray.;Michael D Buist.;Bruce M Jones.;William Silvester.;Geoff Gutteridge.;Karen Smith.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷8期557-63页
Cardiac arrest outside the hospital is common and has a poor outcome. Studies in laboratory animals suggest that hypothermia induced shortly after the restoration of spontaneous circulation may improve neurologic outcome, but there have been no conclusive studies in humans. In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in patients who remained unconscious after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
3462. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
Cardiac arrest with widespread cerebral ischemia frequently leads to severe neurologic impairment. We studied whether mild systemic hypothermia increases the rate of neurologic recovery after resuscitation from cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation.
3463. Use of a Staphylococcus aureus conjugate vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis.
作者: Henry Shinefield.;Steven Black.;Ali Fattom.;Gary Horwith.;Scott Rasgon.;Juan Ordonez.;Hock Yeoh.;David Law.;John B Robbins.;Rachel Schneerson.;Larry Muenz.;Steve Fuller.;Joanie Johnson.;Bruce Fireman.;Harry Alcorn.;Robert Naso.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷7期491-6页
In patients with decreased resistance to infection, Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacteremia and its complications. The capsular polysaccharides are essential for the pathogenesis of and immunity to S. aureus infection and are targets for vaccines.
3464. Benefit of atrial pacing in sleep apnea syndrome.
作者: Stephane Garrigue.;Philippe Bordier.;Pierre Jaïs.;Dipen C Shah.;Meleze Hocini.;Chantal Raherison.;Manuel Tunon De Lara.;Michel Haïssaguerre.;Jacques Clementy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷6期404-12页
Many patients with sleep apnea syndrome have nocturnal bradycardia, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, or both, which can be prevented by permanent atrial pacing. We evaluated the effect of using cardiac pacing to increase the heart rate during sleep in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
3465. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
作者: William C Knowler.;Elizabeth Barrett-Connor.;Sarah E Fowler.;Richard F Hamman.;John M Lachin.;Elizabeth A Walker.;David M Nathan.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷6期393-403页
Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors--elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle--are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these factors with a lifestyle-intervention program or the administration of metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes.
3466. A comparison of oral and topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid.
作者: Pascal Joly.;Jean-Claude Roujeau.;Jacques Benichou.;Catherine Picard.;Brigitte Dreno.;Emmanuel Delaporte.;Loic Vaillant.;Michel D'Incan.;Patrice Plantin.;Christophe Bedane.;Paul Young.;Philippe Bernard.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷5期321-7页
Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease of the elderly. Because elderly people have low tolerance for standard regimens of oral corticosteroids, we studied whether highly potent topical corticosteroids could decrease mortality while controlling disease.
3467. Daily hemodialysis and the outcome of acute renal failure.
Intermittent hemodialysis is widely used as renal-replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure, but an adequate dose has not been defined. We performed a prospective study to determine the effect of daily intermittent hemodialysis, as compared with conventional (alternate-day) intermittent hemodialysis, on survival among patients with acute renal failure.
3468. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
作者: Bertrand Coiffier.;Eric Lepage.;Josette Briere.;Raoul Herbrecht.;Hervé Tilly.;Reda Bouabdallah.;Pierre Morel.;Eric Van Den Neste.;Gilles Salles.;Philippe Gaulard.;Felix Reyes.;Pierre Lederlin.;Christian Gisselbrecht.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷4期235-42页
The standard treatment for patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the CD20 B-cell antigen, has therapeutic activity in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. We conducted a randomized trial to compare CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
3469. Voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever.
作者: Thomas J Walsh.;Peter Pappas.;Drew J Winston.;Hillard M Lazarus.;Finn Petersen.;John Raffalli.;Saul Yanovich.;Patrick Stiff.;Richard Greenberg.;Gerald Donowitz.;Mindy Schuster.;Annette Reboli.;John Wingard.;Carola Arndt.;John Reinhardt.;Susan Hadley.;Robert Finberg.;Michél Laverdière.;John Perfect.;Gary Garber.;Giuseppe Fioritoni.;Eli Anaissie.;Jeanette Lee.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷4期225-34页
Patients with neutropenia and persistent fever are often treated empirically with amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B to prevent invasive fungal infections. Antifungal triazoles offer a potentially safer and effective alternative.
3470. The safety of inactivated influenza vaccine in adults and children with asthma.
Influenza causes substantial morbidity in adults and children with asthma, and vaccination can prevent influenza and its complications. However, there is concern that vaccination may cause exacerbations of asthma.
3471. Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV-1.
作者: S L Gortmaker.;M Hughes.;J Cervia.;M Brady.;G M Johnson.;G R Seage.;L Y Song.;W M Dankner.;J M Oleske.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷21期1522-8页
Combination therapy including protease inhibitors has been shown to be effective in treating adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but there are only limited data regarding the treatment of children and adolescents.
3472. Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b.
作者: E Jaeckel.;M Cornberg.;H Wedemeyer.;T Santantonio.;J Mayer.;M Zankel.;G Pastore.;M Dietrich.;C Trautwein.;M P Manns.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷20期1452-7页
In people who are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection often develops and is difficult to eradicate. We sought to determine whether treatment during the acute phase could prevent the development of chronic infection.
3473. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke.
作者: J P Mohr.;J L Thompson.;R M Lazar.;B Levin.;R L Sacco.;K L Furie.;J P Kistler.;G W Albers.;L C Pettigrew.;H P Adams.;C M Jackson.;P Pullicino.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷20期1444-51页
Despite the use of antiplatelet agents, usually aspirin, in patients who have had an ischemic stroke, there is still a substantial rate of recurrence. Therefore, we investigated whether warfarin, which is effective and superior to aspirin in the prevention of cardiogenic embolism, would also prove superior in the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with a prior noncardioembolic ischemic stroke.
3474. Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure.
作者: E A Rose.;A C Gelijns.;A J Moskowitz.;D F Heitjan.;L W Stevenson.;W Dembitsky.;J W Long.;D D Ascheim.;A R Tierney.;R G Levitan.;J T Watson.;P Meier.;N S Ronan.;P A Shapiro.;R M Lazar.;L W Miller.;L Gupta.;O H Frazier.;P Desvigne-Nickens.;M C Oz.;V L Poirier.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷20期1435-43页
Implantable left ventricular assist devices have benefited patients with end-stage heart failure as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, but their long-term use for the purpose of enhancing survival and the quality of life has not been evaluated.
3475. Recurrence rates after treatment of breast cancer with standard radiotherapy with or without additional radiation.
作者: H Bartelink.;J C Horiot.;P Poortmans.;H Struikmans.;W Van den Bogaert.;I Barillot.;A Fourquet.;J Borger.;J Jager.;W Hoogenraad.;L Collette.;M Pierart.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷19期1378-87页
Radiotherapy prevents local recurrence of breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. We evaluated the effect of a supplementary dose of radiation to the tumor bed on the rates of local recurrence among patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer.
3476. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.
作者: E Rivers.;B Nguyen.;S Havstad.;J Ressler.;A Muzzin.;B Knoblich.;E Peterson.;M Tomlanovich.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷19期1368-77页
Goal-directed therapy has been used for severe sepsis and septic shock in the intensive care unit. This approach involves adjustments of cardiac preload, afterload, and contractility to balance oxygen delivery with oxygen demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy before admission to the intensive care unit.
3477. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.
作者: G van den Berghe.;P Wouters.;F Weekers.;C Verwaest.;F Bruyninckx.;M Schetz.;D Vlasselaers.;P Ferdinande.;P Lauwers.;R Bouillon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷19期1359-67页
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patients, even if they have not previously had diabetes. Whether the normalization of blood glucose levels with insulin therapy improves the prognosis for such patients is not known.
3478. Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective major knee surgery.
Despite thromboprophylaxis, major knee surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Fondaparinux, the first of a new class of synthetic antithrombotic agents, may reduce this risk.
3479. Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip-fracture surgery.
Surgery for hip fracture carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism, despite the use of current thromboprophylactic treatments. Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide, is a new antithrombotic agent that may reduce this risk.
3480. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
作者: Joan H Schiller.;David Harrington.;Chandra P Belani.;Corey Langer.;Alan Sandler.;James Krook.;Junming Zhu.;David H Johnson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷2期92-8页
We conducted a randomized study to determine whether any of three chemotherapy regimens was superior to cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
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