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3265. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in bradykinin-induced asthma.
作者: F L Ricciardolo.;P Geppetti.;A Mistretta.;J A Nadel.;M A Sapienza.;S Bellofiore.;G U Di Maria.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9024期374-7页
Bronchoconstriction induced by bradykinin is reduced by the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the airways of guinea pigs. Inhaled NO is known to cause bronchodilatation in asthmatic patients. To find out the role of endogenous NO in airway response to bradykinin in asthma, we examined the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on broncho-constriction after bradykinin challenge in ten patients with mild asthma.
3266. Randomised controlled trial of a reduced-visits programme of antenatal care in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Many of the individual components of antenatal care have been studied in randomised controlled trials, but few studies have compared whole programmes of antenatal care. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that a new programme of antenatal care with fewer goal-oriented visits would give an equivalent or better result in the outcomes associated with pregnancy and delivery.
3267. Removing bee stings.
Conventional advice on immediate treatment of honey-bee stings has emphasised that the sting should be scraped off, never pinched. The morphology of the sting suggested little basis for this advice, which is likely to slow down removal of the sting.
3268. Randomised controlled comparison of single-dose ciprofloxacin and doxycycline for cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139.
作者: W A Khan.;M L Bennish.;C Seas.;E H Khan.;A Ronan.;U Dhar.;W Busch.;M A Salam.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期296-300页
Effective antimicrobial therapy can reduce the duration and volume of cholera diarrhoea by half. However, such treatment is currently limited by Vibrio cholerae resistance to the drugs commonly prescribed for cholera, and by the difficulties involved in the administration of multi-drug doses under field conditions. Because of its favourable pharmacokinetics we thought it likely that single-dose ciprofloxacin would be effective in the treatment of cholera.
3269. Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: G Roosevelt.;K Sheehan.;J Grupp-Phelan.;R R Tanz.;R Listernick.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期292-5页
Although corticosteroids are commonly prescribed in the treatment of bronchiolitis, there is no evidence on the efficacy of these drugs in this disorder. We designed a randomised, double-blind, prospective study to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone in infants with bronchiolitis who require hospital management.
3270. Delta: a randomised double-blind controlled trial comparing combinations of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine with zidovudine alone in HIV-infected individuals. Delta Coordinating Committee.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期283-91页
Because the benefits of zidovudine (AZT) in HIV-infected individuals are small and do not last long the Delta trial was designed to test whether combinations of zidovudine with didanosine (ddl) or zalcitabine (ddC) were more effective than AZT alone in extending survival and delaying disease progression.
3272. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression.
Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that left prefrontal lobe dysfunction is pathophysiologically linked to depression. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to prefrontal structures has a lateralised effect on mood in normal volunteers, and several preliminary studies suggest a beneficial effect of rTMS on depression. However, adequately controlled studies have not been conducted.
3273. Randomised trial of prophylactic early fresh-frozen plasma or gelatin or glucose in preterm babies: outcome at 2 years. Northern Neonatal Nursing Initiative Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9022期229-32页
Preterm babies are at risk of haemorrhagic and ischaemic brain injury. One controlled trial suggested that prophylactic fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) may reduce that risk but did not clarify whether the reduction in periventricular haemorrhage seen on ultrasonography was due to a haemostatic effect or stabilisation of intravascular volume by FFP. We undertook a trial of 776 babies of gestational age at birth less than 32 weeks to look at the short-term and long-term outcome after early prophylactic FFP.
3274. Risk of deep-venous thrombosis after hospital discharge in patients having undergone total hip replacement: double-blind randomised comparison of enoxaparin versus placebo.
The risk of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism after total hip replacement (THR) surgery may persist after hospital discharge, but the extent of the risk is not known. We carried out a single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind trial with the aims of quantifying this risk and assessing the efficacy of continued prophylactic treatment.
3275. The effects of dopamine and adrenaline infusions on acid-base balance and systemic haemodynamics in severe infection.
作者: N P Day.;N H Phu.;D P Bethell.;N T Mai.;T T Chau.;T T Hien.;N J White.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9022期219-23页
Adrenaline is used increasingly in the management of septic shock, but its efficacy and safety are uncertain.
3276. Randomised, controlled trial of efficacy of midwife-managed care.
作者: D Turnbull.;A Holmes.;N Shields.;H Cheyne.;S Twaddle.;W H Gilmour.;M McGinley.;M Reid.;I Johnstone.;I Geer.;G McIlwaine.;C B Lunan.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9022期213-8页
Midwife-managed programmes of care are being widely implemented although there has been little investigation of their efficacy. We have compared midwife-managed care with shared care (ie, care divided among midwives, hospital doctors, and general practitioners) in terms of clinical efficacy and women's satisfaction.
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