Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves often show delayed survival benefit followed by long-term survival in a subgroup of patients. Such outcomes can violate the proportional hazards assumption, leading to a loss of statistical power.

With the increasing of PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) inhibitors in cancer therapy, there is a growing need to understand the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVAEs) associated with PAM inhibitors. A systematic search of all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) containing at least one PAM group in electronic databases such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov registry, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and major conferences was performed to extract available CVAEs. The cut-off date was January 31, 2024. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The risk of CVAEs associated with PAM inhibitors was calculated using Peto OR. The primary outcome was the incidence (95% CI) of PAM inhibitors cardiovascular adverse events in the total population and subgroups. The secondary outcome was the pooled risk of different CVAEs associated with PAM inhibitor exposure in the RCTs. 33 unique RCTs (n = 12,351) were included. The incidence of PAM inhibitors CVAEs of any grade in the intervention group was 48.2%, yielding a combined OR of 2.52 (95% CI 1.82-3.49). The incidence of severe adverse cardiovascular events (≥ grade 3) in the intervention group was estimated at 7.1%, yielding a combined Peto OR of 1.41 (95% CI 1.04-1.93). PAM inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of 5 CVAEs including peripheral edema, lymphoedema, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperlipidemia, with higher risks for hypercholesterolemia (Peto OR: 3.27,95% CI 2.61-4.11, P < 0.01; I2 = 55.5%, P = 0.06) and hyperlipidemia (Peto OR: 3.53. 95% CI 1.70-7.32, P < 0.01; I2 = 19.3%, P = 0.29). This study identified an overall incidence of PAM inhibitors CVAEs and the increased risks associated with PAM inhibitor for five specific CVAEs, not confined to hypercholesterolemia and peripheral edema.

This study compared the safety and efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with those of other TKIs and its use alongside bevacizumab in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases were used to conduct extensive searches for relevant randomized controlled trials until January 30, 2024. Osimertinib monotherapy favored disease control rate, whereas the comparator treatment arm favored overall survival. Using subgroup analysis, the objective response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly elevated by Osimertinib monotherapy compared with pemetrexed combined with carboplatin or cisplatin. The comparator treatment arm receiving gefitinib or erlotinib significantly favored progression-free survival and overall survival compared with osimertinib monotherapy. In patients treated with osimertinib monotherapy, the incidence of all adverse events (AEs) decreased compared with comparator treatment arm. Anemia was the only AE associated with osimertinib monotherapy. Pemetrexed combined with carboplatin or cisplatin resulted in greater loss of appetite than osimertinib monotherapy. The most associated AE of osimertinib monotherapy was diarrhea, according to network analysis. Although its efficacy is not consistent with other EGFR TKIs, osimertinib was associated with a decrease in AEs in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Melanoma, a highly malignant skin tumor, can develop systemic metastases during the early stage. Several studies of melanoma animal models indicate that curcumin, a natural plant extract, inhibits melanoma growth through various mechanisms. To evaluate the relationships among different experimental conditions, curcumin itself, its derivatives, and special formulations, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aims to estimate and project the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and death due to carcinogenic drug use in Korea from 2015 to 2030, to estimate the degree of cancer prevention from exposure to carcinogenic drugs in Korea. Selected carcinogenic drugs were immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drugs classified as group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Based on the documentation in Shennong's Herbal Classics, numerous Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are noted to possess anti-tumor properties, and TCM has been used in China for thousands of years. Particularly, current research have demonstrated that TCM combined with immunotherapy exhibited enhanced anti-tumor effects.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer characterized by high rates of metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that PD-L1/PD1 blockade holds promise as a therapeutic option for MCC. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach in treating MCC remain incompletely understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for patients with MCC.

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently presented as a viable option in some first line but primarily as a second-line treatment of advanced-stage malignant mesothelioma (asMM). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of PD-1/L-1 ICIs in advanced-stage malignant mesothelioma.

To investigate the characteristics of olaparib-associated adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients.

This study aimed to systematically analyze the efficacy and toxicity of lurbinectedin as a second-line or subsequent treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

The objective of this meta-analysis was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile of the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with either chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of advanced-stage endometrial cancer (EC).

With the extensive utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across various cancers, ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction (ICI-TD) has become a growing concern in clinical practice. This study aimed to devise an individualized management strategy for ICI-TD to enhance the early identification and proactive management in cancer patients.

Skin cancer, notably melanoma, poses a significant global health burden, with rising incidence and mortality rates. While therapeutic advancements have improved outcomes, metastatic melanoma remains challenging to treat. This study aims to systematically review systemic treatment options for advanced melanoma, focusing on efficacy and safety in the first-line setting. Through a comprehensive search and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials conducted from 2013 to 2023, 11 studies encompassing 2816 participants were analyzed. Treatment options included BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib), MEK inhibitors (trametinib, cobimetinib), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab). Combined therapy with vemurafenib, cobimetinib, and ipilimumab demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to monotherapy, with a significant odds ratio (OR) of 6.95 (95% CI: 4.25-9.64, p < 0.00001) for OS and 2.49 (95% CI: 1.42-3.56, p < 0.00001) for PFS. Additionally, dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy showed improved outcomes with favorable tolerability, including a significant reduction in adverse event (AE) risk, with an OR of 2.20 (95% CI: 1.72-2.81). Furthermore, our analysis highlighted vemurafenib-associated dermatological toxicities, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies. The study underscores the evolving treatment landscape in melanoma management, with a potential shift towards immune checkpoint inhibitors in the adjuvant setting, particularly for BRAF-mutated disease. However, limitations in meta-analysis methodologies and the need for long-term investigations into treatment implications on survival and quality of life underscore the importance of continued research.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a particularly aggressive and clinically challenging subtype of breast cancer, characterized by its invasive nature and generally poor prognosis. Treatment options for unresectable TNBC are limited. In recent years, the advent of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors has offered a promising new treatment option for unresectable TNBC. The role of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in unresectable TNBC management remains a subject of debate. This article aims to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through a meta-analysis (MA) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety profile of ICIs in the treatment of unresectable TNBC.

Nausea and vomiting are one of the common and distressing side effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients often impacting their quality of life and treatment adherence. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether acupressure is effective in treating breast cancer patients' acute nausea and vomiting brought on by chemotherapy as well as delayed nausea and vomiting.

Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (mTNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, with a greater risk of metastasis and recurrence. Research studies have published in-depth analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of pembrolizumab, and early data from numerous trials suggests that patients with mTNBC have had remarkable outcomes. This meta-analysis compares the data from numerous relevant studies in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy or combination therapies for mTNBC.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) kidney-tonifying methods in treating bone loss and osteoporosis following endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Children continue to experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), despite effective antiemetic medications. Recommendations in clinical practice guidelines are underpinned by narrative syntheses and meta-analyses that compare only two treatments. This means not all antiemetics have been compared to one another, and estimates remain imprecise. We apply network meta-analysis (NMA) to overcome these limitations by comparing multiple treatments simultaneously.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically shifted the current landscape toward a wide variety of malignancies. However, ICIs are interrupted owing immune-related adverse events (irAEs), therapy completion, and disease progression. The risk-benefit of rechallenged ICIs remains inconclusive. Herein, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICI rechallenge in the treatment of advanced solid tumor.

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in neurosurgery. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits tumors by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and reducing tumor angiogenesis. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BEV combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in glioma, we performed a meta-analysis.