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3163. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on adverse effects of rubella immunisation in seronegative women.
作者: A J Tingle.;L A Mitchell.;M Grace.;P Middleton.;R Mathias.;L MacWilliam.;A Chalmers.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9061期1277-81页
The objective of our study was to investigate the association of adverse clinical musculoskeletal and neurological events in healthy postpartum women with live attenuated (RA27/3 strain) rubella-virus vaccine, and to assess the frequency of acute and recurrent arthralgia and arthritis and associations with acute and recurrent muscle pain (myalgia) and neurological manifestations (paraesthesias).
3166. Randomised trial of Haemophilus influenzae type-b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine [corrected] for prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Gambian infants.
作者: K Mulholland.;S Hilton.;R Adegbola.;S Usen.;A Oparaugo.;C Omosigho.;M Weber.;A Palmer.;G Schneider.;K Jobe.;G Lahai.;S Jaffar.;O Secka.;K Lin.;C Ethevenaux.;B Greenwood.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9060期1191-7页
In developing countries, pneumonia and meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are common in children under age 12 months and the mortality from meningitis is high. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have brought Hib disease under control in industrialised countries. We did a double-blind randomised trial in The Gambia to assess the efficacy of a Hib conjugate vaccine for the prevention of meningitis, pneumonia, and other invasive diseases due to Hib.
3169. BCL-2 antisense therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
作者: A Webb.;D Cunningham.;F Cotter.;P A Clarke.;F di Stefano.;P Ross.;M Corbo.;Z Dziewanowska.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9059期1137-41页
Overexpression of BCL-2 is common in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leads to resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis) and promotes tumorigenesis. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted at the open reading frame of the BCL-2 mRNA cause a specific down-regulation of BCL-2 expression which leads to increased apoptosis. Lymphoma grown in laboratory animals responds to BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotides with few toxic effects. We report the first study of BCL-2 antisense therapy in human beings.
3170. Randomised controlled trial of anterior-chamber intraocular lenses.
作者: A Hennig.;J R Evans.;D Pradhan.;G J Johnson.;R P Pokhrel.;R M Gregson.;R Hayes.;R P Wormald.;A Foster.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9059期1129-33页
There are an estimated 16 million people blind in both eyes with cataracts. Most live in rural areas of developing countries where surgical resources are scarce. There is no consensus on the most appropriate type of intraocular lens in situations where high-volume low-cost surgery is required. This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of multiflex open-loop anterior-chamber lenses (ACIOLs).
3171. Randomised trial of endoscopic balloon dilation versus endoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of bileduct stones.
作者: J J Bergman.;E A Rauws.;P Fockens.;A M van Berkel.;P M Bossuyt.;J G Tijssen.;G N Tytgat.;K Huibregtse.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9059期1124-9页
Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for the removal of bileduct stones is associated with acute complications and a permanent loss of biliary-sphincter function. Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) causes less trauma to the biliary sphincter, but may be less effective in allowing stone removal.
3172. Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. European Study Group of Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood.
Some studies have suggested that a low-protein diet slows the deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The effects of a low-protein diet on renal function and growth, have not been assessed in a large, prospective randomised trial in children with CRF.
3174. Randomised trial of transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt versus endoscopy plus propranolol for prevention of variceal rebleeding.
作者: M Rössle.;P Deibert.;K Haag.;A Ochs.;M Olschewski.;V Siegerstetter.;K H Hauenstein.;R Geiger.;C Stiepak.;W Keller.;H E Blum.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9058期1043-9页
The transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt is a new interventional treatment for portal hypertension. The aim of our study was to compare the transjugular shunt with endoscopic treatment for the prophylaxis of recurrent variceal bleeding.
3176. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy (PRIME II) Investigators.
作者: J R Hampton.;D J van Veldhuisen.;F X Kleber.;A J Cowley.;A Ardia.;P Block.;A Cortina.;L Cserhalmi.;F Follath.;G Jensen.;J Kayanakis.;K I Lie.;G Mancia.;A M Skene.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9057期971-7页
Drugs that improve symptoms in patients with heart failure must also be assessed for their effects on survival. Ibopamine stimulates DA-1 and DA-2 receptors and causes peripheral and renal vasodilatation; the drug improves symptoms of heart failure. We assessed the effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced heart failure in a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled study.
3178. Relapse of depression after rapid depletion of tryptophan.
Major depression is a common disorder but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Current hypotheses implicate deficient function of brain serotonin pathways because drugs that selectively increase brain serotonin activity are effective antidepressants. However, there is no direct evidence that lowered serotonin function causes major depression. We aimed to assess whether lowering of brain serotonin activity by depletion of its amino acid precursor, tryptophan, could provoke a short-term relapse of clinically significant symptoms in women vulnerable to major depressive disorder.
3179. Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis.
作者: D Barnes.;R A Hughes.;R W Morris.;O Wade-Jones.;P Brown.;T Britton.;D A Francis.;G D Perkin.;P Rudge.;M Swash.;H Katifi.;S Farmer.;J Frankel.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9056期902-6页
An intravenous rather than oral course of methylprednisolone is often prescribed for treating acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) despite the lack of evidence to support this route of administration. Our double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial was designed to compare the efficacy of commonly used intravenous and oral steroid regimens in promoting recovery from acute relapses in MS.
3180. Medical Research Council randomised trial of endometrial resection versus hysterectomy in management of menorrhagia.
The most frequent indication for hysterectomy is menorrhagia, even though the uterus is normal in a large number of patients. Transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) is a less drastic alternative, but success rates have varied and menorrhagia can recur. We have tested the hypothesis that the difference in the proportion of women dissatisfied and requiring further surgery within 3 years of TCRE or hysterectomy would be no more than 15%.
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