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3142. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. The EUCLID Study Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9068期1787-92页
Renal disease in people with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) continues to pose a major health threat. Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) slow the decline of renal function in advanced renal disease, but their effects at earlier stages are unclear, and the degree of albuminuria at which treatment should start is not known.
3145. Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction.
作者: J M Rapola.;J Virtamo.;S Ripatti.;J K Huttunen.;D Albanes.;P R Taylor.;O P Heinonen.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9067期1715-20页
Epidemiological data suggest that the intake of antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene has an inverse correlation with the incidence of coronary heart disease. The results from clinical trials of antioxidant supplementation in people with known coronary heart disease are inconclusive.
3146. Randomised feasibility trial of pre-exposure rabies vaccination with DTP-IPV in infants.
作者: J Lang.;G H Duong.;V G Nguyen.;T T Le.;C V Nguyen.;V Kesmedjian.;S A Plotkin.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9066期1663-5页
Pre-exposure vaccination against rabies generally simplifies treatment and could be especially beneficial to children in countries where the disease is enzootic. We studied the feasibility of administering to infants pre-exposure rabies vaccination with combined diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (DTP-IPV).
3147. CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9066期1641-9页
Aspirin is effective in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and in the long-term prevention of serious vascular events in survivors of stroke and myocardial infarction. There is, however, no reliable evidence on the effectiveness of early aspirin use in acute ischaemic stroke.
3148. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pindolol in combination with fluoxetine antidepressant treatment.
Major depression affects more than 5% of the population and is a serious health and economic problem. Antidepressants have a slow onset of action and are effective in less than two-thirds of patients. The biochemical effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be limited by the negative feedback from serotonin autoreceptors. Pindolol is an antagonist of both serotonin autoreceptors and beta-adrenoceptors. We studied the effect of the addition of pindolol to fluoxetine antidepressant treatment.
3149. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9065期1569-81页
Only a few small trials have compared antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents) versus control in acute ischaemic stroke, and none has been large enough to provide reliable evidence on safety or efficacy.
3152. Treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with interferon-gamma via aerosol.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is associated with substantial morbidity, despite drug therapy. Interferon-gamma, a cytokine produced mainly by CD4 T lymphocytes, can activate alveolar macrophages, important effector cells in host immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We investigated safety and tolerability of aerosolised interferon-gamma in patients with MDR-TB, and assessed its efficacy in terms of sputum-smear grades.
3153. Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) Study. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy.
In the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study, the effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the survival of patients with clinical heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), was assessed. At an average follow-up time of 15 months after randomisation, all-cause mortality was reduced from 22.6% (placebo group) to 16.9% (ramipril group) representing an absolute mortality reduction of 5.7% and a relative risk reduction of 27% (95% CI 11-40%; p = 0.002). Our aim in this study was to assess the long-term (3 years after the AIRE Study closed) magnitude, duration, and reliability of the survival benefits observed after treatment with ramipril (target dose 5 mg twice a day) when compared with placebo.
3156. Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
作者: M A Jacobson.;M Zegans.;P R Pavan.;J J O'Donnell.;F Sattler.;N Rao.;S Owens.;R Pollard.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1443-5页
In previous natural history studies and clinical trials, AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis has occurred primarily in patients with absolute CD4 counts of 50 cells/microL or less (0.05 x 10(9)/L) at the time of diagnosis.
3157. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: the CAPTURE Study.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1429-35页
Platelet aggregation is a dominant feature in the pathophysiology of unstable angina. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with this disorder carries an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Abciximab (c7E3) blocks the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, thus preventing platelet adhesion and aggregation. The CAPTURE study was a randomised placebo-controlled multicentre trial to assess whether abciximab can improve outcome in patients with refractory unstable angina who are undergoing PTCA.
3158. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of eptifibatide on complications of percutaneous coronary intervention: IMPACT-II. Integrilin to Minimise Platelet Aggregation and Coronary Thrombosis-II.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1422-8页
Platelet-mediated thrombosis has been implicated in the development of ischaemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention. We investigated whether inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin with eptifibatide (Integrilin) could prevent such complications.
3159. Randomised trial of addition of lamivudine or lamivudine plus loviride to zidovudine-containing regimens for patients with HIV-1 infection: the CAESAR trial.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1413-21页
Previous studies have shown that combination therapy with lamivudine plus zidovudine causes pronounced and sustained increases in CD4 counts and reductions in viral load in individuals infected with HIV-1. We assessed the clinical benefit of the addition of lamivudine to zidovudine-based regimens in patients infected with HIV-1 who had CD4 counts of 25-250/microL.
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