Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and multifactorial condition that represents a major global health challenge. It is characterized by a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of which substantially increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and other related complications. Growing evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism, modulating immune responses, and influencing the chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated with MetS. Among emerging therapeutic approaches, synbiotics, defined as synergistic combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, have attracted considerable interest. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we aim to find out the feasibility and effectiveness of synbiotic supplements, as well as to evaluate their impact on people with MetS. By selectively stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial microbial taxa while directly introducing health-promoting strains, synbiotics may restore microbial balance, improve metabolic homeostasis, and attenuate inflammatory pathways. Future research should prioritize personalized nutrition strategies and microbiome-tailored interventions, taking into account individual variability in gut microbial composition and host metabolic responses. Such precision approaches could optimize synbiotic efficacy and safety, positioning them as a viable adjunctive treatment for MetS within an integrated lifestyle and pharmacological framework. Ultimately, large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are essential to confirm current promising findings and to establish clear guidelines for clinical application.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is widespread globally and is linked to outcomes ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. However, only a minority of infected individuals progress to malignancy, influenced by a mix of bacterial, host, and environmental factors. Current predictive approaches are limited due to relying mainly on clinical and lifestyle data. Genomic approaches have been sparsely used, and thus their incorporation into machine learning models could ensure early and personalized detection. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of integrating host metadata with genomic features from H. pylori to predict gastric cancer outcomes and identify associated variables.

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a severe chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with onset in infancy. Mutations in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor A (IL10RA) gene represent a key pathogenic mechanism of VEO-IBD; however, the genotype–phenotype correlations remain unclear.

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a significant concern in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the relationship between residual cholesterol (RC) levels and CMM risk in adult NAFLD patients remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between RC levels and the risk of CMM in adult NAFLD patients using data from a large-scale, cross-sectional cohort.

Lactate clearance (LC) has emerged as a potential prognostic marker in critically ill patients. However, its role in predicting massive transfusion (MT) requirements in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of LC for MT requirements in patients with UGIB.

Hand grip strength is a crucial indicator of muscle strength and quality. Yet, there remain significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of the genetic factors that influence hand grip strength and its impact on digestive disorders.

Relative fat mass (RFM) is a simple anthropometric indicator of body fat. Although its association with hepatic steatosis has been examined in previous studies, its predictive value for the more severe stages of liver disease, specifically advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) and cirrhosis, has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to explore the associations between RFM and the presence of MASLD, AHF, and cirrhosis.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting 10%-15% of the global population, characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. A low fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet has shown promise in managing IBS symptoms. This study evaluates the combined impact of continuity care guided by Orem's Self-Care Model with a low FODMAP diet on gut microbiota composition and IBS symptoms.

Acute cholangitis (AC) is a medical emergency, often caused by common bile duct (CBD) stone obstruction. The 2018 Tokyo Guidelines (TG18) recommend early drainage with selective stone removal. When stone removal is performed simultaneously with drainage, it is referred to as single-stage stone removal, which theoretically can reduce the number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, hospital stay, and hospital costs. The safety and efficacy of single-stage stone removal for mild AC has been validated. However, there is insufficient evidence-based medicine regarding single-stage treatment for moderate and severe AC. Additionally, the optimal timing for ERCP remains unclear.

Although gastric secretory dysfunction is common in H.pylori-associated gastropathy, the precise mechanisms underlying these functional alterations across different H.pylori antibody subtypes remain incompletely elucidated. This cross-sectional clinical observational study aimed to systematically investigate the associations between specific H.pylori antibody subtype infection status and multiple gastric functional parameters, thereby elucidating potential differences in their impact on gastric secretory function.

Bloating/abdominal distension is a common gastrointestinal symptom. However, the abnormal endoscopy results associated with bloating/abdominal distension and its influencing factors in outpatients remain unclear.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence and fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. It typically begins as benign polyps that may progress to malignancy through cumulative genetic alterations. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major risk factor for CRC, and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been implicated in its pathogenesis and may also contribute to CRC development, particularly in regions with MAP-infected livestock.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often require hospitalization for medically refractory IBD or IBD-related complications. However, despite the increasing availability of effective medical therapies, inpatient IBD care remains challenging, as evidenced by the variation in hospital-acquired complications, delays in surgery, and high 30-day readmission rates. Therefore, this Clinical Practice Update Expert Review is intended to provide Best Practice Advice on the evaluation and management of hospitalized adult patients with IBD. We have developed Best Practice Advice statements to address 13 key clinical issues.