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2921. Biofeedback training in treatment of childhood constipation: a randomised controlled study.
作者: R N van der Plas.;M A Benninga.;H A Büller.;P M Bossuyt.;L M Akkermans.;W K Redekop.;J A Taminiau.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9030期776-80页
Because abnormal defaecation dynamics, which can be modified by biofeedback, are considered to be the underlying problem in constipation, biofeedback training may be a useful treatment for constipation. This treatment has mainly been studied in uncontrolled trials. We evaluated defaecation dynamics and clinical outcome in chronically constipated children in a randomised study comparing conventional treatment and conventional treatment with biofeedback training.
2923. Double-blind randomised trial of co-amoxiclav versus placebo for persistent otitis media with effusion in general practice.
The treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) remains controversial, but this condition is the commonest reason for children to require ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. Trials of antibiotics are inconclusive, are often weak methodologically, and have not been done in general practice. Our aim was a trial of an antibiotic for OME in such a population.
2924. Randomised controlled trial of conservation therapy for breast cancer: 6-year analysis of the Scottish trial. Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group.
作者: A P Forrest.;H J Stewart.;D Everington.;R J Prescott.;C S McArdle.;A N Harnett.;D C Smith.;W D George.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9029期708-13页
To determine whether, when primary breast cancer is treated by local excision supported by systemic therapy appropriate to the oestrogen receptor status (ER) of the tumour, local radiotherapy can be avoided.
2925. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of SPf66 malaria vaccine in children in northwestern Thailand. Shoklo SPf66 Malaria Vaccine Trial Group.
作者: F Nosten.;C Luxemburger.;D E Kyle.;W R Ballou.;J Wittes.;E Wah.;T Chongsuphajaisiddhi.;D M Gordon.;N J White.;J C Sadoff.;D G Heppner.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9029期701-7页
Previous efficacy trials of SPf66 malaria vaccine have produced conflicting results in different populations. We report a randomised double-blind trial of the SPf66 vaccine conducted in Karen children aged 2-15 living in a malarious region of northwestern Thailand. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was used as a comparator.
2927. Randomised controlled trial of steroid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients receiving triple immunosuppression.
作者: P J Ratcliffe.;C R Dudley.;R M Higgins.;J D Firth.;B Smith.;P J Morris.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9028期643-8页
The combination of cyclosporin, azathioprine, and prednisolone (triple immunosuppression) is the most commonly used immunosuppressive regimen early after renal transplantation, but the risks and benefits of maintaining the steroid component of this regimen in the long term are uncertain.
2928. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9028期633-8页
Adjusted-dose warfarin is highly efficacious for prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this treatment carries a risk of bleeding and the need for frequent medical monitoring. We sought an alternative that would be safer and easier to administer to patients with AF who are at high-risk of thromboembolism.
2929. Comparison of oral etoposide and standard intravenous multidrug chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a stopped multicentre randomised trial. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party.
Single-drug oral etoposide daily for 5 days or more in 3-week cycles is commonly used as palliative chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, there have been no randomised trials to compare this treatment with standard intravenous multidrug chemotherapy. Our objective was such a comparison in patients with poor performance status. However, before the planned intake of 450 patients had been completed the trial was stopped on the recommendation of an independent data monitoring committee, because of the inferiority of oral etoposide. We report the interim findings of the trial.
2933. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in bradykinin-induced asthma.
作者: F L Ricciardolo.;P Geppetti.;A Mistretta.;J A Nadel.;M A Sapienza.;S Bellofiore.;G U Di Maria.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9024期374-7页
Bronchoconstriction induced by bradykinin is reduced by the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the airways of guinea pigs. Inhaled NO is known to cause bronchodilatation in asthmatic patients. To find out the role of endogenous NO in airway response to bradykinin in asthma, we examined the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on broncho-constriction after bradykinin challenge in ten patients with mild asthma.
2934. Randomised controlled trial of a reduced-visits programme of antenatal care in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Many of the individual components of antenatal care have been studied in randomised controlled trials, but few studies have compared whole programmes of antenatal care. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that a new programme of antenatal care with fewer goal-oriented visits would give an equivalent or better result in the outcomes associated with pregnancy and delivery.
2935. Removing bee stings.
Conventional advice on immediate treatment of honey-bee stings has emphasised that the sting should be scraped off, never pinched. The morphology of the sting suggested little basis for this advice, which is likely to slow down removal of the sting.
2936. Randomised controlled comparison of single-dose ciprofloxacin and doxycycline for cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139.
作者: W A Khan.;M L Bennish.;C Seas.;E H Khan.;A Ronan.;U Dhar.;W Busch.;M A Salam.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期296-300页
Effective antimicrobial therapy can reduce the duration and volume of cholera diarrhoea by half. However, such treatment is currently limited by Vibrio cholerae resistance to the drugs commonly prescribed for cholera, and by the difficulties involved in the administration of multi-drug doses under field conditions. Because of its favourable pharmacokinetics we thought it likely that single-dose ciprofloxacin would be effective in the treatment of cholera.
2937. Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: G Roosevelt.;K Sheehan.;J Grupp-Phelan.;R R Tanz.;R Listernick.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期292-5页
Although corticosteroids are commonly prescribed in the treatment of bronchiolitis, there is no evidence on the efficacy of these drugs in this disorder. We designed a randomised, double-blind, prospective study to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone in infants with bronchiolitis who require hospital management.
2938. Delta: a randomised double-blind controlled trial comparing combinations of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine with zidovudine alone in HIV-infected individuals. Delta Coordinating Committee.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9023期283-91页
Because the benefits of zidovudine (AZT) in HIV-infected individuals are small and do not last long the Delta trial was designed to test whether combinations of zidovudine with didanosine (ddl) or zalcitabine (ddC) were more effective than AZT alone in extending survival and delaying disease progression.
2939. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression.
Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that left prefrontal lobe dysfunction is pathophysiologically linked to depression. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to prefrontal structures has a lateralised effect on mood in normal volunteers, and several preliminary studies suggest a beneficial effect of rTMS on depression. However, adequately controlled studies have not been conducted.
2940. Randomised trial of prophylactic early fresh-frozen plasma or gelatin or glucose in preterm babies: outcome at 2 years. Northern Neonatal Nursing Initiative Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9022期229-32页
Preterm babies are at risk of haemorrhagic and ischaemic brain injury. One controlled trial suggested that prophylactic fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) may reduce that risk but did not clarify whether the reduction in periventricular haemorrhage seen on ultrasonography was due to a haemostatic effect or stabilisation of intravascular volume by FFP. We undertook a trial of 776 babies of gestational age at birth less than 32 weeks to look at the short-term and long-term outcome after early prophylactic FFP.
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