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2881. Randomised trial of intravenous salbutamol in early management of acute severe asthma in children.
The mainstay of treatment for acute asthma in children is nebulised beta 2-adrenergic agents such as salbutamol, given with corticosteroids. However, penetration of the drug to the small airways is impeded by obstruction so intravenous salbutamol may be more effective. We assessed the use of intravenous salbutamol in the management of children with acute severe asthma in a double-blind randomised study.
2883. Randomised trial of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and combined treatments in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Plasma Exchange/Sandoglobulin Guillain-Barré Syndrome Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9047期225-30页
The relative efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome has not been established. We compared PE with IVIg, and with a combined regimen of PE followed by IVIg, in an international, multicentre, randomised trial of 383 adult patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
2885. Double-blind vaccine-controlled randomised efficacy trial of an investigational Shigella sonnei conjugate vaccine in young adults.
作者: D Cohen.;S Ashkenazi.;M S Green.;M Gdalevich.;G Robin.;R Slepon.;M Yavzori.;N Orr.;C Block.;I Ashkenazi.;J Shemer.;D N Taylor.;T L Hale.;J C Sadoff.;D Pavliakova.;R Schneerson.;J B Robbins.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9046期155-9页
The aim of this double-blind randomised vaccine-controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a conjugate vaccine composed of Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (S sonnei-rEPA) and of an oral, live-attenuated Escherichia coli/S flexneri 2a (EcSf2a-2) hybrid vaccine among military recruits in Israel at high risk of exposure to Shigella spp. We report here our preliminary findings on the efficacy of S sonnei-rEPA; we have not documented sufficient cases to assess the efficacy of EcSf2a-2.
2886. Difference in countries' use of resources and clinical outcome for patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: results from the GUSTO trial.
作者: D R Holmes.;R M Califf.;F Van de Werf.;P B Berger.;E R Bates.;M L Simoons.;H D White.;T D Thompson.;E J Topol.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9045期75-8页
Use of aggressive and invasive interventions is more common in the USA than in other countries. We have compared use of resources for patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction in the USA and in other countries, and assessed the association between use of resources and clinical outcomes.
2888. A randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure.
Anal fissure is most commonly treated surgically by internal anal sphincterotomy. However, there is some concern over the effects of this procedure on continence. Nitric oxide donors such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) have been shown to cause a reversible chemical sphincterotomy capable of healing fissures in a small series of cases. This study reports a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that topical GTN is the best first-line treatment for chronic anal fissure.
2889. Electrical spinal-cord stimulation for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
作者: S Tesfaye.;J Watt.;S J Benbow.;K A Pang.;J Miles.;I A MacFarlane.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9043期1698-701页
Conventional treatment for painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy is largely symptomatic and often ineffective, with unacceptable side-effects. We tested electrical spinal-cord stimulation for the management of chronic neuropathic pain.
2890. Solar disinfection of drinking water and diarrhoea in Maasai children: a controlled field trial.
Solar radiation reduces the bacterial content of water, and may therefore offer a method for disinfection of drinking water that requires few resources and no expertise.
2891. Randomised trial of the effect of co-administration with acellular pertussis DTP vaccine on immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
作者: J Eskola.;R M Olander.;T Hovi.;L Litmanen.;S Peltola.;H Käyhty.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9043期1688-92页
Inclusion of new vaccines in vaccination programmes for children would be easier if they could be combined with existing vaccines. Vaccines containing acellular pertussis in the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP-a) combination are expected to replace the conventional whole-cell vaccines (DTP-w). We tested the immunogenicity and safety of a combination of DTP-a with the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate of Hib capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxid (PRP-T), and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (i.p.v.).
2892. Randomised trial of nadolol alone or with isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gruppo-Triveneto per L'ipertensione portale (GTIP).
作者: C Merkel.;R Marin.;E Enzo.;C Donada.;G Cavallarin.;P Torboli.;P Amodio.;G Sebastianelli.;D Sacerdoti.;M Felder.;C Mazzaro.;P Beltrame.;A Gatta.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9043期1677-81页
The risk of having a first cirrhosis-associated variceal bleed is lowered by about 50% by beta-blockers. Use of beta-blockers is currently recommended for patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices that are at risk of bleeding. We aimed to test the effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate as an adjunct to the beta-blocker nadolol in the prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding in these patients.
2894. Effect of hydroxyethylstarch in brain-dead kidney donors on renal function in kidney-transplant recipients.
作者: M L Cittanova.;I Leblanc.;C Legendre.;C Mouquet.;B Riou.;P Coriat.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9042期1620-2页
Hydroxyethylstarch used as a plasma-volume expander in brain-dead kidney donors has been suggested to induce osmotic-nephrosis-like lesions. We have studied its effect on kidney-transplant function.
2895. Randomised trial of surgery alone versus surgery followed by radiotherapy for mobile cancer of the rectum. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9042期1610-4页
Although surgery is the treatment of choice for rectal cancer, local recurrence is common even after apparently curative resection. We aimed to assess the role of postoperative radiotherapy in reducing rates of local recurrence, and improving disease-free and overall survival in patients with mobile Dukes' stage B and C rectal cancers.
2896. Randomised trial of surgery alone versus radiotherapy followed by surgery for potentially operable locally advanced rectal cancer. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9042期1605-10页
Survival rates after surgery for rectal cancer remain at about 40% at 5 years from diagnosis. The aim of this study was to find out whether local recurrence rate could be reduced and survival increased by a moderately high dose of preoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced, but otherwise operable, carcinoma of the rectum.
2899. Randomised crossover trial of naltrexone in uraemic pruritus.
作者: G Peer.;S Kivity.;O Agami.;E Fireman.;D Silverberg.;M Blum.;A laina.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9041期1552-4页
Most dialysis patients develop pruritus, for which current treatment is unsatisfactory. Endogenous opioids may be involved in this pruritus. We studied the effect of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on the pruritus of haemodialysis patients.
2900. Randomised trial of MNrgp120 HIV-1 vaccine in symptomless HIV-1 infection.
作者: J J Eron.;M A Ashby.;M F Giordano.;M Chernow.;W M Reiter.;S G Deeks.;J P Lavelle.;M A Conant.;B G Yangco.;P G Pate.;R A Torres.;R T Mitsuyasu.;T Twaddell.
来源: Lancet. 1996年348卷9041期1547-51页
Most individuals infected with HIV-1 show disease progression despite both cellular and humoral immune responses. We investigated whether immunisation of patients who had symptomless HIV-1 infection with an envelope subcomponent vaccine (MNrgp120) to augment immune response can slow progression of HIV-1 disease.
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