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2841. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9065期1569-81页
Only a few small trials have compared antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents) versus control in acute ischaemic stroke, and none has been large enough to provide reliable evidence on safety or efficacy.
2844. Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) Study. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy.
In the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study, the effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the survival of patients with clinical heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), was assessed. At an average follow-up time of 15 months after randomisation, all-cause mortality was reduced from 22.6% (placebo group) to 16.9% (ramipril group) representing an absolute mortality reduction of 5.7% and a relative risk reduction of 27% (95% CI 11-40%; p = 0.002). Our aim in this study was to assess the long-term (3 years after the AIRE Study closed) magnitude, duration, and reliability of the survival benefits observed after treatment with ramipril (target dose 5 mg twice a day) when compared with placebo.
2846. Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
作者: M A Jacobson.;M Zegans.;P R Pavan.;J J O'Donnell.;F Sattler.;N Rao.;S Owens.;R Pollard.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1443-5页
In previous natural history studies and clinical trials, AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis has occurred primarily in patients with absolute CD4 counts of 50 cells/microL or less (0.05 x 10(9)/L) at the time of diagnosis.
2847. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: the CAPTURE Study.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1429-35页
Platelet aggregation is a dominant feature in the pathophysiology of unstable angina. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with this disorder carries an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Abciximab (c7E3) blocks the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, thus preventing platelet adhesion and aggregation. The CAPTURE study was a randomised placebo-controlled multicentre trial to assess whether abciximab can improve outcome in patients with refractory unstable angina who are undergoing PTCA.
2848. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of eptifibatide on complications of percutaneous coronary intervention: IMPACT-II. Integrilin to Minimise Platelet Aggregation and Coronary Thrombosis-II.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1422-8页
Platelet-mediated thrombosis has been implicated in the development of ischaemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention. We investigated whether inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin with eptifibatide (Integrilin) could prevent such complications.
2849. Randomised trial of addition of lamivudine or lamivudine plus loviride to zidovudine-containing regimens for patients with HIV-1 infection: the CAESAR trial.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9063期1413-21页
Previous studies have shown that combination therapy with lamivudine plus zidovudine causes pronounced and sustained increases in CD4 counts and reductions in viral load in individuals infected with HIV-1. We assessed the clinical benefit of the addition of lamivudine to zidovudine-based regimens in patients infected with HIV-1 who had CD4 counts of 25-250/microL.
2850. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on adverse effects of rubella immunisation in seronegative women.
作者: A J Tingle.;L A Mitchell.;M Grace.;P Middleton.;R Mathias.;L MacWilliam.;A Chalmers.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9061期1277-81页
The objective of our study was to investigate the association of adverse clinical musculoskeletal and neurological events in healthy postpartum women with live attenuated (RA27/3 strain) rubella-virus vaccine, and to assess the frequency of acute and recurrent arthralgia and arthritis and associations with acute and recurrent muscle pain (myalgia) and neurological manifestations (paraesthesias).
2851. Randomised trial of Haemophilus influenzae type-b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine [corrected] for prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Gambian infants.
作者: K Mulholland.;S Hilton.;R Adegbola.;S Usen.;A Oparaugo.;C Omosigho.;M Weber.;A Palmer.;G Schneider.;K Jobe.;G Lahai.;S Jaffar.;O Secka.;K Lin.;C Ethevenaux.;B Greenwood.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9060期1191-7页
In developing countries, pneumonia and meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are common in children under age 12 months and the mortality from meningitis is high. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have brought Hib disease under control in industrialised countries. We did a double-blind randomised trial in The Gambia to assess the efficacy of a Hib conjugate vaccine for the prevention of meningitis, pneumonia, and other invasive diseases due to Hib.
2853. Randomised controlled trial of anterior-chamber intraocular lenses.
作者: A Hennig.;J R Evans.;D Pradhan.;G J Johnson.;R P Pokhrel.;R M Gregson.;R Hayes.;R P Wormald.;A Foster.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9059期1129-33页
There are an estimated 16 million people blind in both eyes with cataracts. Most live in rural areas of developing countries where surgical resources are scarce. There is no consensus on the most appropriate type of intraocular lens in situations where high-volume low-cost surgery is required. This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of multiflex open-loop anterior-chamber lenses (ACIOLs).
2854. Randomised trial of endoscopic balloon dilation versus endoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of bileduct stones.
作者: J J Bergman.;E A Rauws.;P Fockens.;A M van Berkel.;P M Bossuyt.;J G Tijssen.;G N Tytgat.;K Huibregtse.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9059期1124-9页
Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for the removal of bileduct stones is associated with acute complications and a permanent loss of biliary-sphincter function. Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) causes less trauma to the biliary sphincter, but may be less effective in allowing stone removal.
2855. Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. European Study Group of Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood.
Some studies have suggested that a low-protein diet slows the deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The effects of a low-protein diet on renal function and growth, have not been assessed in a large, prospective randomised trial in children with CRF.
2856. Randomised trial of transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt versus endoscopy plus propranolol for prevention of variceal rebleeding.
作者: M Rössle.;P Deibert.;K Haag.;A Ochs.;M Olschewski.;V Siegerstetter.;K H Hauenstein.;R Geiger.;C Stiepak.;W Keller.;H E Blum.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9058期1043-9页
The transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt is a new interventional treatment for portal hypertension. The aim of our study was to compare the transjugular shunt with endoscopic treatment for the prophylaxis of recurrent variceal bleeding.
2858. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy (PRIME II) Investigators.
作者: J R Hampton.;D J van Veldhuisen.;F X Kleber.;A J Cowley.;A Ardia.;P Block.;A Cortina.;L Cserhalmi.;F Follath.;G Jensen.;J Kayanakis.;K I Lie.;G Mancia.;A M Skene.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9057期971-7页
Drugs that improve symptoms in patients with heart failure must also be assessed for their effects on survival. Ibopamine stimulates DA-1 and DA-2 receptors and causes peripheral and renal vasodilatation; the drug improves symptoms of heart failure. We assessed the effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced heart failure in a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled study.
2860. Relapse of depression after rapid depletion of tryptophan.
Major depression is a common disorder but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Current hypotheses implicate deficient function of brain serotonin pathways because drugs that selectively increase brain serotonin activity are effective antidepressants. However, there is no direct evidence that lowered serotonin function causes major depression. We aimed to assess whether lowering of brain serotonin activity by depletion of its amino acid precursor, tryptophan, could provoke a short-term relapse of clinically significant symptoms in women vulnerable to major depressive disorder.
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