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2823. Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) versus conventional radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised multicentre trial. CHART Steering Committee.
Human tumour cells can proliferate rapidly, and giving radiotherapy in many small fractions may reduce long-term normal-tissue morbidity. In response to these observations, we developed the CHART (continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy) regimen, which uses thirty-six small fractions of 1.5 Gy given three times per day, to give 54 Gy in only 12 consecutive days. We report the long-term follow-up of a trial of CHART versus conventional radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
2828. Randomised trial of effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody response to measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau, west Africa.
作者: C S Benn.;P Aaby.;C Balé.;J Olsen.;K F Michaelsen.;E George.;H Whittle.
来源: Lancet. 1997年350卷9071期101-5页
WHO has recommended vitamin A supplementation for children aged 6 months or older in developing countries at the same time as immunisation. One study has reported significantly lower seroconversion ratios among children who have received vitamin A supplements with measles vaccine at age 6 months. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody response to measles vaccination at age 9 months, which is the more common age for immunisation in developing countries.
2829. Effect of cognitive-behavioural training on job-finding among long-term unemployed people.
The principles of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) have been applied successfully through individual psychotherapy to several psychiatric disorders. We adapted these principles to create a group--training programme for a non-psychiatric group-long-term (> 12 months) unemployed people. The aim was to investigate the effects of the programme on measures of mental health, job-seeking, and job-finding.
2830. Thromboxane antagonism and cough induced by angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor.
The increased prostaglandin synthesis that might follow stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade by angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) has been suggested to underlie the appearance of cough on ACE-I treatment. We investigated whether the prostanoid thromboxane was involved.
2832. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia).
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9069期1857-63页
In diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a greater effect than other antihypertensive drugs on proteinuria and the progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Whether this difference applies to progression of nondiabetic proteinuric nephropathies is not clear. The Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy study of chronic nondiabetic nephropathies aimed to address whether glomerular protein traffic influences renal-disease progression, and whether an ACE inhibitor was superior to conventional treatment, with the same blood-pressure control, in reducing proteinuria, limiting GFR decline, and preventing endstage renal disease.
2834. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. The EUCLID Study Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9068期1787-92页
Renal disease in people with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) continues to pose a major health threat. Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) slow the decline of renal function in advanced renal disease, but their effects at earlier stages are unclear, and the degree of albuminuria at which treatment should start is not known.
2837. Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction.
作者: J M Rapola.;J Virtamo.;S Ripatti.;J K Huttunen.;D Albanes.;P R Taylor.;O P Heinonen.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9067期1715-20页
Epidemiological data suggest that the intake of antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene has an inverse correlation with the incidence of coronary heart disease. The results from clinical trials of antioxidant supplementation in people with known coronary heart disease are inconclusive.
2838. Randomised feasibility trial of pre-exposure rabies vaccination with DTP-IPV in infants.
作者: J Lang.;G H Duong.;V G Nguyen.;T T Le.;C V Nguyen.;V Kesmedjian.;S A Plotkin.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9066期1663-5页
Pre-exposure vaccination against rabies generally simplifies treatment and could be especially beneficial to children in countries where the disease is enzootic. We studied the feasibility of administering to infants pre-exposure rabies vaccination with combined diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (DTP-IPV).
2839. CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1997年349卷9066期1641-9页
Aspirin is effective in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and in the long-term prevention of serious vascular events in survivors of stroke and myocardial infarction. There is, however, no reliable evidence on the effectiveness of early aspirin use in acute ischaemic stroke.
2840. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pindolol in combination with fluoxetine antidepressant treatment.
Major depression affects more than 5% of the population and is a serious health and economic problem. Antidepressants have a slow onset of action and are effective in less than two-thirds of patients. The biochemical effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be limited by the negative feedback from serotonin autoreceptors. Pindolol is an antagonist of both serotonin autoreceptors and beta-adrenoceptors. We studied the effect of the addition of pindolol to fluoxetine antidepressant treatment.
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