当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
261. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.
作者: Lisa M Askie.;Lelia Duley.;David J Henderson-Smart.;Lesley A Stewart.; .
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9575期1791-1798页
Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and childbirth. Antiplatelet agents, especially low-dose aspirin, might prevent or delay pre-eclampsia, and thereby improve outcome. Our aim was to assess the use of antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of pre-eclampsia, and to explore which women are likely to benefit most.
262. Assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) programme: a randomised comparison.
作者: Loren Laine.;Sean P Curtis.;Byron Cryer.;Amarjot Kaur.;Christopher P Cannon.; .
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9560期465-73页
Upper gastrointestinal safety of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors versus traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has not been assessed in trials that simulate standard clinical practice. Our aim was to assess the effects of these drugs on gastrointestinal outcomes in a population that includes patients taking gastrointestinal protective therapy.
263. Mortality and target haemoglobin concentrations in anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietin: a meta-analysis.
作者: Arintaya Phrommintikul.;Steven Joseph Haas.;Maros Elsik.;Henry Krum.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9559期381-8页
Recombinant human erythropoietin is commonly used for treatment of anaemia. Our aim was to determine whether targeting different haemoglobin concentrations with such treatment is associated with altered all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease.
264. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis.
The effect of different classes of antihypertensive drugs on incident diabetes mellitus is controversial because traditional meta-analyses are hindered by heterogeneity across trials and the absence of trials comparing angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB). We therefore undertook a network meta-analysis, which accounts for both direct and indirect comparisons to assess the effects of antihypertensive agents on incident diabetes.
265. Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data.
作者: .;Rodolphe Thiébaut.;Sandy Leproust.;Geneviève Chêne.;Ruth Gilbert.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9556期115-22页
Despite three decades of prenatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis in some European countries, uncertainty remains about the effectiveness of prenatal treatment.
266. Initial highly-active antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses.
作者: Roger Chou.;Rongwei Fu.;Laurie Hoyt Huffman.;P Todd Korthuis.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9546期1503-15页
The optimum treatment choice between initial highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a protease inhibitor (PI) versus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) is uncertain. An indirect analysis reported that PI-based HAART was better than NNRTI-based HAART. However, direct evidence for competing interventions is deemed more reliable than indirect evidence for making treatment decisions. We did a meta-analysis of head-to-head trials and compared the results with those of indirect analyses.
267. Antibiotics for acute otitis media: a meta-analysis with individual patient data.
作者: Maroeska M Rovers.;Paul Glasziou.;Cees L Appelman.;Peter Burke.;David P McCormick.;Roger A Damoiseaux.;Isabelle Gaboury.;Paul Little.;Arno W Hoes.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9545期1429-35页
Individual trials to test effectiveness of antibiotics in children with acute otitis media have been too small for valid subgroup analyses. We aimed to identify subgroups of children who would and would not benefit more than others from treatment with antibiotics.
268. Medical therapy to facilitate urinary stone passage: a meta-analysis.
作者: John M Hollingsworth.;Mary A M Rogers.;Samuel R Kaufman.;Timothy J Bradford.;Sanjay Saint.;John T Wei.;Brent K Hollenbeck.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9542期1171-9页
Medical therapies to ease urinary-stone passage have been reported, but are not generally used. If effective, such therapies would increase the options for treatment of urinary stones. To assess efficacy, we sought to identify and summarise all randomised controlled trials in which calcium-channel blockers or alpha blockers were used to treat urinary stone disease.
269. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis.
作者: Jean Bourhis.;Jens Overgaard.;Hélène Audry.;Kian K Ang.;Michele Saunders.;Jacques Bernier.;Jean-Claude Horiot.;Aurélie Le Maître.;Thomas F Pajak.;Michael G Poulsen.;Brian O'Sullivan.;Werner Dobrowsky.;Andrzej Hliniak.;Krzysztof Skladowski.;John H Hay.;Luiz H J Pinto.;Carlo Fallai.;Karen K Fu.;Richard Sylvester.;Jean-Pierre Pignon.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9538期843-54页
Several trials have studied the role of unconventional fractionated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the effect of such treatment on survival is not clear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether this type of radiotherapy could improve survival.
270. Effect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis.
作者: Simon McRae.;Huyen Tran.;Sam Schulman.;Jeff Ginsberg.;Clive Kearon.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9533期371-8页
Individual risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism affects patient management and might differ between men and women. We did a meta-analysis to assess from available evidence whether men and women have the same risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after stopping anticoagulant treatment.
271. Non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography in the diagnosis of symptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis.
作者: J M Wardlaw.;F M Chappell.;J J K Best.;K Wartolowska.;E Berry.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9521期1503-12页
Accurate carotid imaging is important for effective secondary stroke prevention. Non-invasive imaging, now widely available, is replacing intra-arterial angiography for carotid stenosis, but the accuracy remains uncertain despite an extensive literature. We systematically reviewed the accuracy of non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography for diagnosing carotid stenosis in patients with carotid territory ischaemic symptoms.
272. Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness.
BCG vaccine has shown consistently high efficacy against childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis, but variable efficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. We assess and compare the costs and effects of BCG as an intervention against severe childhood tuberculosis in different regions of the world.
273. Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis.
作者: John Victor Peter.;John L Moran.;Jennie Phillips-Hughes.;Petra Graham.;Andrew D Bersten.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9517期1155-63页
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel ventilation, has been shown to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. We assessed additional benefits of NIPPV in a meta-analysis.
274. Seven haemostatic gene polymorphisms in coronary disease: meta-analysis of 66,155 cases and 91,307 controls.
作者: Zheng Ye.;Eugene H C Liu.;Julian P T Higgins.;Bernard D Keavney.;Gordon D O Lowe.;Rory Collins.;John Danesh.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9511期651-8页
Variants of certain haemostatic genes (such as that encoding factor V Leiden) are involved in the development of venous thrombosis, but studies of such variants in coronary disease have reported apparently conflicting results. We did meta-analyses on seven such haemostatic genetic variants for which the available evidence on each comprises at least 5000 coronary disease cases and at least 5000 controls.
275. Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials.
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is defined as the use of pharmacological substances before a planned immediate intervention, to improve coronary patency. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (published and unpublished) to compare facilitated and primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
276. Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for intraepithelial or early invasive cervical lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: M Kyrgiou.;G Koliopoulos.;P Martin-Hirsch.;M Arbyn.;W Prendiville.;E Paraskevaidis.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9509期489-98页
Conservative methods to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and microinvasive cervical cancer are commonly used in young women because of the advent of effective screening programmes. In a meta-analysis, we investigated the effect of these procedures on subsequent fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
277. Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: C Heneghan.;P Alonso-Coello.;J M Garcia-Alamino.;R Perera.;E Meats.;P Glasziou.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9508期404-11页
Near-patient testing has made self-monitoring of anticoagulation with warfarin feasible, and several trials have suggested that such monitoring might be equal to or better than standard monitoring. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of self-monitoring or self-management (self-testing and self-dosage) of anticoagulation compared with standard monitoring.
278. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke in most epidemiological studies, although the extent of the association is uncertain. We quantitatively assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of stroke in a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
279. Antivirals for influenza in healthy adults: systematic review.
作者: T Jefferson.;V Demicheli.;D Rivetti.;M Jones.;C Di Pietrantonj.;A Rivetti.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9507期303-13页
Use of antivirals is recommended for the control of seasonal and pandemic influenza. Our aim was to review the evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of registered antivirals against naturally occurring influenza in healthy adults.
280. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Juan P Casas.;Weiliang Chua.;Stavros Loukogeorgakis.;Patrick Vallance.;Liam Smeeth.;Aroon D Hingorani.;Raymond J MacAllister.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9502期2026-33页
A consensus has emerged that angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) have specific renoprotective effects. Guidelines specify that these are the drugs of choice for the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal disease. We sought to determine to what extent this consensus is supported by the available evidence.
|