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2701. Randomised trial of growth hormone in short normal girls.
There are few data on the long-term outcome of growth-hormone treatment in short normal children. We assessed the impact of growth-hormone treatment on pubertal development and near-final height in girls.
2702. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group.
作者: E Abraham.;A Anzueto.;G Gutierrez.;S Tessler.;G San Pedro.;R Wunderink.;A Dal Nogare.;S Nasraway.;S Berman.;R Cooney.;H Levy.;R Baughman.;M Rumbak.;R B Light.;L Poole.;R Allred.;J Constant.;J Pennington.;S Porter.
来源: Lancet. 1998年351卷9107期929-33页
Despite the availability of potent antibiotics and intensive care, mortality rates from septic shock are 40-70%. We assessed the safety and efficacy of murine monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha MAb) in the treatment of septic shock.
2703. Adjuvant portal-vein infusion of fluorouracil and heparin in colorectal cancer: a randomised trial. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group, the Gruppo Interdisciplinare Valutazione Interventi in Oncologia, and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research.
作者: P Rougier.;T Sahmoud.;D Nitti.;D Curran.;R Doci.;B De Waele.;T Nakajima.;H Rauschecker.;R Labianca.;J C Pector.;S Marsoni.;G Apolone.;P Lasser.;M L Couvreur.;J Wils.
来源: Lancet. 1998年351卷9117期1677-81页
There is conflicting evidence on the efficacy of regional adjuvant chemotherapy, via portal-vein infusion (PVI), after resection of colorectal cancer. We undertook a randomised controlled multicentre trial to investigate the efficacy of PVI (500 mg/m2 fluorouracil plus 5000 IU heparin daily for 7 days).
2705. Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for normal visual and brain development. Although present in human milk, LCPUFA have until recently been absent from artificial formulas, and infants may have limited ability to synthesise LCPUFA. To determine the clinical significance of this relative deficiency of LCPUFA, we undertook a randomised trial of the relation between LCPUFA supplementation and infant cognitive behaviour.
2706. Randomised comparison of implantation of heparin-coated stents with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with coronary artery disease (Benestent II).
作者: P W Serruys.;B van Hout.;H Bonnier.;V Legrand.;E Garcia.;C Macaya.;E Sousa.;W van der Giessen.;A Colombo.;R Seabra-Gomes.;F Kiemeneij.;P Ruygrok.;J Ormiston.;H Emanuelsson.;J Fajadet.;M Haude.;S Klugmann.;M A Morel.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9129期673-81页
The multicentre, randomised Benestent-II study investigated a strategy of implantation of a heparin-coated Palmar-Schatz stent plus antiplatelet drugs compared with the use of balloon angioplasty in selected patients with stable or stabilised unstable angina, with one or more de-novo lesions, less than 18 mm long, in vessels of diameter 3 mm or more.
2709. Introducing a placebo needle into acupuncture research.
A problem acupuncture research has to face is the concept of a control group. If, in control groups, non-acupoint needling is done, physiological acupuncture effects are implied. Therefore the effects shown in this group are often close to those shown in the acupuncture group. In other trials, control groups have received obviously different treatments, such as transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation or TENS-laser treatment; it is not clear if the effects of acupuncture are due only to the psychological effects of the treatment.
2710. Randomised comparison of ciprofloxacin suspension and pivmecillinam for childhood shigellosis.
Infections caused by multiply resistant Shigella species are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Third World countries. The fluoroquinolone agent ciprofloxacin is active in vitro against these strains of bacteria, but has not been routinely used to treat acute childhood infections because of concern that quinolones may cause arthropathy in children. We undertook a randomised double-blind study to test the effects of ciprofloxacin treatment in children with shigella dysentery.
2711. Randomised trial of high-dose chemotherapy and haemopoietic progenitor-cell support in operable breast cancer with extensive axillary lymph-node involvement.
作者: S Rodenhuis.;D J Richel.;E van der Wall.;J H Schornagel.;J W Baars.;C C Koning.;J L Peterse.;J H Borger.;W J Nooijen.;R Bakx.;O Dalesio.;E Rutgers.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9127期515-21页
Uncontrolled studies suggest that high-dose chemotherapy is beneficial in patients with breast cancer and multiple metastases to the axillary lymph nodes. Many physicians accept this treatment as standard care. We aimed to assess adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer in a phase II randomised trial.
2712. International randomised controlled trial of acetazolamide and furosemide in posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in infancy. International PHVD Drug Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9126期433-40页
Furosemide and acetazolamide are widely used in the treatment of posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) in the hope of avoiding the need for surgical management, but this approach has not been evaluated in a controlled trial. This multicentre randomised controlled trial tested the hypothesis that these drugs would reduce the rate of shunt placement and increase disability-free survival at 1 year of age.
2713. Randomised controlled trial of levonorgestrel versus the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception. Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9126期428-33页
A previous randomised study suggested that the progestagen, levonorgestrel, given alone in two separate doses each of 0.75 mg caused nausea and vomiting in fewer women and might be more effective than the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception, although the difference was not significant. We compared these two regimens when started within 72 h of unprotected coitus.
2715. Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial. Pakistan Co-trimoxazole Study Group.
Co-trimoxazole is widely used in treatment of paediatric pneumonia in developing countries, but drug resistance may decrease its effectiveness. We studied the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole compared with that of amoxycillin in pneumonia therapy, and assessed the clinical impact of co-trimoxazole resistance.
2717. Maintenance therapy after quadruple induction therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals: Amsterdam Duration of Antiretroviral Medication (ADAM) study.
作者: M H Reijers.;G J Weverling.;S Jurriaans.;F W Wit.;H M Weigel.;R W Ten Kate.;J W Mulder.;P H Frissen.;R van Leeuwen.;P Reiss.;H Schuitemaker.;F de Wolf.;J M Lange.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9123期185-90页
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to health benefits for patients infected with HIV-1. However, long-term use of multidrug regimens is difficult to sustain. Simplifying antiretroviral treatment regimens would increase patients' adherence and minimise toxicity. We investigated the feasibility of a strategy of induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy with HAART in a randomised open-label study.
2718. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. European Multicentre Orlistat Study Group.
作者: L Sjöström.;A Rissanen.;T Andersen.;M Boldrin.;A Golay.;H P Koppeschaar.;M Krempf.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9123期167-72页
We undertook a randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy and tolerability of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, in promoting weight loss and preventing weight regain in obese patients over a 2-year period.
2719. Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention trial.
作者: T Powles.;R Eeles.;S Ashley.;D Easton.;J Chang.;M Dowsett.;A Tidy.;J Viggers.;J Davey.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9122期98-101页
Tamoxifen, a drug with antioestrogenic effects, is predicted to prevent the occurrence of breast cancer. We have undertaken a trial of tamoxifen in healthy women who are at increased risk of breast cancer because of family history. We report a planned interim analysis.
2720. Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women. Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study.
作者: U Veronesi.;P Maisonneuve.;A Costa.;V Sacchini.;C Maltoni.;C Robertson.;N Rotmensz.;P Boyle.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9122期93-7页
Tamoxifen is a candidate chemopreventive agent in breast cancer, although the drug may be associated with the development of endometrial cancer. Therefore we did a trial in hysterectomised women of tamoxifen as a chemopreventive.
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