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2621. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in 1-4-year-old children with moderate asthma.
作者: M J Tasche.;J C van der Wouden.;J H Uijen.;B P Ponsioen.;R M Bernsen.;L W van Suijlekom-Smit.;J C de Jongste.
来源: Lancet. 1997年350卷9084期1060-4页
Inhalation therapy with sodium cromoglycate is recommended as the first-line prophylactic treatment for moderate asthma in children. The availability of spacer devices with face-masks has extended the applicability of metered-dose inhalers to younger children. We studied the feasibility and effects of this therapy compared with placebo in children aged 1-4 years.
2624. Efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in prevention of secondary hepatitis A infection: a randomised trial.
作者: L Sagliocca.;P Amoroso.;T Stroffolini.;B Adamo.;M E Tosti.;G Lettieri.;C Esposito.;S Buonocore.;P Pierri.;A Mele.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9159期1136-9页
Hepatitis A vaccination stops outbreaks of hepatitis A infection, but its efficacy against infection after exposure has not been proven. We investigated the use of hepatitis A vaccine to prevent secondary infections with hepatitis A virus (HAV).
2625. Spinal-cord stimulation in critical limb ischaemia: a randomised trial. ESES Study Group.
作者: H M Klomp.;G H Spincemaille.;E W Steyerberg.;J D Habbema.;H van Urk.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9158期1040-4页
For patients with critical limb ischaemia, spinal-cord stimulation has been advocated for the treatment of ischaemic pain and the prevention of amputation. We compared the efficacy of the addition of spinal-cord stimulation to best medical treatment in a randomised controlled trial.
2626. Elective caesarean-section versus vaginal delivery in prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission: a randomised clinical trial.
Results from observational studies suggest that caesarean-section delivery may reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection in comparison with vaginal delivery. We carried out a randomised clinical trial to address this issue and to assess the extent of postdelivery complications.
2628. Corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: C Pozzi.;P G Bolasco.;G B Fogazzi.;S Andrulli.;P Altieri.;C Ponticelli.;F Locatelli.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9156期883-7页
IgA nephropathy is progressive in most cases and has no established therapy. In this randomised trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of a 6-month course of steroids in this disorder.
2630. Effect of consumption of food cooked in iron pots on iron status and growth of young children: a randomised trial.
In less-developed countries, novel strategies are needed to control iron-deficiency anaemia, the most common form of malnutrition.
2631. Comparison of three single doses of mifepristone as emergency contraception: a randomised trial. Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9154期697-702页
Mifepristone is a highly effective and well-tolerated emergency contraceptive when given in a dose of 600 mg within 72 h of unprotected coitus. We assessed whether the same effectiveness can be achieved with lower doses of mifepristone (50 mg and 10 mg) and a longer postcoital treatment period (120 h).
2632. Intermittent sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to prevent severe anaemia secondary to malaria in pregnancy: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: C E Shulman.;E K Dorman.;F Cutts.;K Kawuondo.;J N Bulmer.;N Peshu.;K Marsh.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9153期632-6页
In areas of endemic transmission, malaria in pregnancy is associated with severe maternal anaemia and low-birthweight babies. We studied the efficacy of intermittent treatment doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in preventing malaria and severe anaemia in pregnancy in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial among primigravid women living in Kilifi District, Kenya.
2633. Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: a randomised trial.
Convulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological medical emergency and has high morbidity and mortality. Early treatment before admission to hospital is best with an effective medication that can be administered safely. We aimed to find out whether there are differences in efficacy and adverse events between buccal administration of liquid midazolam and rectal administration of liquid diazepam in the acute treatment of seizures.
2634. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: the Steno type 2 randomised study.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus the aetiology of long-term complications is multifactorial. We carried out a randomised trial of stepwise intensive treatment or standard treatment of risk factors in patients with microalbuminuria.
2635. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial.
作者: L Hansson.;L H Lindholm.;L Niskanen.;J Lanke.;T Hedner.;A Niklason.;K Luomanmäki.;B Dahlöf.;U de Faire.;C Mörlin.;B E Karlberg.;P O Wester.;J E Björck.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9153期611-6页
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been used for more than a decade to treat high blood pressure, despite the lack of data from randomised intervention trials to show that such treatment affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) is a randomised intervention trial to compare the effects of ACE inhibition and conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension.
2637. Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial. Rakai Project Study Group.
作者: M J Wawer.;N K Sewankambo.;D Serwadda.;T C Quinn.;L A Paxton.;N Kiwanuka.;F Wabwire-Mangen.;C Li.;T Lutalo.;F Nalugoda.;C A Gaydos.;L H Moulton.;M O Meehan.;S Ahmed.;R H Gray.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9152期525-35页
The study tested the hypothesis that community-level control of sexually transmitted disease (STD) would result in lower incidence of HIV-1 infection in comparison with control communities.
2638. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in patients with refractory angina: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: P M Schofield.;L D Sharples.;N Caine.;S Burns.;S Tait.;T Wistow.;M Buxton.;J Wallwork.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9152期519-24页
Transmyocardial laser revascularisation (TMLR) is used to treat patients with refractory angina due to severe coronary artery disease, not suitable for conventional revascularisation. We aimed in a randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of TMLR compared with medical management.
2639. Impact of fly control on childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan: community-randomised trial.
作者: D C Chavasse.;R P Shier.;O A Murphy.;S R Huttly.;S N Cousens.;T Akhtar.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9146期22-5页
Several million children are killed each year by diarrhoeal diseases; preventive strategies appropriate for developing countries are vital. Despite strong circumstantial evidence that flies are vectors of diarrhoeal diseases, no convincing studies of the impact of fly control on diarrhoea incidence in developing countries have been reported. We undertook a randomised study of the effect of insecticide spraying on diarrhoea incidence.
2640. Interferon-alpha and survival in metastatic renal carcinoma: early results of a randomised controlled trial. Medical Research Council Renal Cancer Collaborators.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9146期14-7页
Metastatic renal carcinoma has a 2-year survival of around 20% and is largely resistant to chemotherapy. The use of interferons in the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma remains controversial. Although non-randomised studies suggest that biological therapy with interferons produces a small number of tumour responses, most clinicians judge such treatment to be ineffective. We have investigated the effect of treatment with interferon-alpha on survival in patients with metastatic renal carcinoma.
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