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2603. Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid. Tuberculosis Trials Consortium.
Rifapentine is a cyclopentyl-substituted rifamycin whose serum half-life is five times that of rifampin. The US Public Health Service Study 22 compared a once-weekly regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine with twice weekly isoniazid and rifampin in the continuation phase (the last 4 months) of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients. This report concerns only the HIV-seropositive part of the trial, which has ended. The HIV-seronegative part will stop follow-up in 2001.
2604. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Little is known about the long-term efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the efficacy of inhaled budesonide on decline in lung function and respiratory symptoms in a 3-year placebo-controlled study of patients with COPD.
2605. Therapeutic immunisation with recombinant gp160 in HIV-1 infection: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Nordic VAC-04 Study Group.
The immune system's ability to scavenge and destroy detrimental HIV-1 products has an important effect on virion production and the course of infection. In earlier trials of therapeutic immunisation with envelope protein recombinant gp160 (rgp160) we observed a transient positive effect on CD4-lymphocyte counts. This randomised placebo-controlled study investigated whether our preliminary findings represented a potential for a more benign clinical course.
2606. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trial.
作者: M Overgaard.;M B Jensen.;J Overgaard.;P S Hansen.;C Rose.;M Andersson.;C Kamby.;M Kjaer.;C C Gadeberg.;B B Rasmussen.;M Blichert-Toft.;H T Mouridsen.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9165期1641-8页
Postmastectomy radiotherapy is associated with a lower locoregional recurrence rate and improved disease-free and overall survival when combined with chemotherapy in premenopausal high-risk breast-cancer patients. However, whether the same benefits apply also in postmenopausal women treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for similar high-risk cancer is unclear. In a randomised trial among postmenopausal women who had undergone mastectomy, we compared adjuvant tamoxifen alone with tamoxifen plus postoperative radiotherapy.
2608. Efficacy and acceptability of intranasal 17 beta-oestradiol for menopausal symptoms: randomised dose-response study. Aerodiol Study Group.
作者: J Studd.;B Pornel.;I Marton.;J Bringer.;C Varin.;Y Tsouderos.;C Christiansen.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9164期1574-8页
The benefit of oestrogen therapy for menopause symptoms is well recognised. However, the means of delivery currently available have disadvantages, including variable bioavailability, intestinal and hepatic first-pass effects, and dermatological reactions. An intranasal 17beta-oestradiol spray, S21400, which bypasses such drawbacks, has been developed. We studied the efficacy and tolerability of S21400 in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms.
2609. Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised trial. FIN-RACo trial group.
作者: T Möttönen.;P Hannonen.;M Leirisalo-Repo.;M Nissilä.;H Kautiainen.;M Korpela.;L Laasonen.;H Julkunen.;R Luukkainen.;K Vuori.;L Paimela.;H Blåfield.;M Hakala.;K Ilva.;U Yli-Kerttula.;K Puolakka.;P Järvinen.;M Hakola.;H Piirainen.;J Ahonen.;I Pälvimäki.;S Forsberg.;K Koota.;C Friman.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9164期1568-73页
The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis should aim at clinical remission. This multicentre, randomised trial with 2-year follow-up sought evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy (sulphasalazine, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone) compared with treatment with a single disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, with or without prednisolone, in the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis.
2610. Influence of abdominal-wound closure technique on complications after surgery: a randomised study.
作者: A H Niggebrugge.;J B Trimbos.;J Hermans.;W H Steup.;C J Van De Velde.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9164期1563-7页
Wound complications that occur after closure of midline laparotomy remain challenging. A new continuous double-loop closure (CDLC) technique was developed to avoid wound rupture through resistance to high intra-abdominal pressure and continued approximation of wound edges. We investigated the efficacy of this technique.
2612. Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine.
作者: N A Foudraine.;R M Hoetelmans.;J M Lange.;F de Wolf.;B H van Benthem.;J J Maas.;I P Keet.;P Portegies.
来源: Lancet. 1998年351卷9115期1547-51页
Treatment and prevention of HIV-1-related central-nervous-system disease may be dependent on penetration of antiretroviral drugs into the central nervous system. Few data are available about cerebrospinal-fluid penetration and concomitant changes of HIV-1-RNA concentrations during treatment with antiretroviral agents. We investigated these effects in HIV-1-infected people.
2613. Randomised vaccine trial of single dose of killed Leishmania major plus BCG against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bam, Iran.
作者: I Sharifi.;A R FeKri.;M R Aflatonian.;A Khamesipour.;A Nadim.;M R Mousavi.;A Z Momeni.;Y Dowlati.;T Godal.;F Zicker.;P G Smith.;F Modabber.
来源: Lancet. 1998年351卷9115期1540-3页
A vaccine consisting of a single dose of whole-cell autoclave-killed Leishmania major (ALM) mixed with BCG was assessed in comparison with BCG alone against anthroponotic (human to human transmission) cutaneous leishmaniasis in a randomised double-blind trial in Bam, Iran.
2616. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: S Z Wiktor.;M Sassan-Morokro.;A D Grant.;L Abouya.;J M Karon.;C Maurice.;G Djomand.;A Ackah.;K Domoua.;A Kadio.;A Yapi.;P Combe.;O Tossou.;T H Roels.;E M Lackritz.;D Coulibaly.;K M De Cock.;I M Coulibaly.;A E Greenberg.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9163期1469-75页
There is a high incidence of opportunistic infection among HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Africa and, consequently, high mortality. We assessed the safety and efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 800 mg/160 mg (co-trimoxazole) prophylaxis in prevention of such infections and in decrease of morbidity and mortality.
2617. Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised trial. Cotrimo-CI Study Group.
作者: X Anglaret.;G Chêne.;A Attia.;S Toure.;S Lafont.;P Combe.;K Manlan.;T N'Dri-Yoman.;R Salamon.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9163期1463-8页
In sub-Saharan Africa, various bacterial diseases occur before pneumocystosis or toxoplasmosis in the course of HIV-1 infection, and are major causes of morbidity and mortality. We did a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at community-health centres in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to assess the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) chemoprophylaxis at early stages of HIV-1 infection.
2618. Efficacy of home-based peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: A L Morrow.;M L Guerrero.;J Shults.;J J Calva.;C Lutter.;J Bravo.;G Ruiz-Palacios.;R C Morrow.;F D Butterfoss.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9160期1226-31页
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended worldwide but not commonly practised. We undertook a randomised controlled study of the efficacy of home-based peer counselling to increase the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers and infants residing in periurban Mexico City.
2619. Screening for ovarian cancer: a pilot randomised controlled trial.
作者: I J Jacobs.;S J Skates.;N MacDonald.;U Menon.;A N Rosenthal.;A P Davies.;R Woolas.;A R Jeyarajah.;K Sibley.;D G Lowe.;D H Oram.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9160期1207-10页
The value of screening for ovarian cancer is uncertain. We did a pilot randomised trial to assess multimodal screening with sequential CA 125 antigen and ultrasonography.
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