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2581. Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial. Durban Immunotherapy Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9173期116-9页
Mycobacterium vaccae, an environmental saprophyte, has immunogenic properties that enhance the host immune response. Immunotherapy with M. vaccae has been suggested to shorten short-course antituberculosis chemotherapy. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of M. vaccae to standard short-course antituberculosis chemotherapy would decrease the time to achieve a negative sputum culture.
2582. Use of point-of-care test in identification of patients who can benefit from desmopressin during cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial.
Platelet dysfunction is a major cause of excessive microvascular bleeding after cardiac surgery. A new point-of-care test (hemoSTATUS) can identify patients at risk of excessive bleeding. We aimed to find out whether patients who can benefit from desmopressin during cardiac surgery can be identified by this test.
2585. Postoperative pain and subcutaneous oxygen tension.
作者: O Akça.;M Melischek.;T Scheck.;K Hellwagner.;C F Arkiliç.;A Kurz.;S Kapral.;T Heinz.;F X Lackner.;D I Sessler.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9172期41-2页
Surgical patients randomly assigned to standard pain control had postoperative subcutaneous oxygen partial pressures that were significantly less than patients given better pain treatment. Our data suggest that control of postoperative pain is a major determinant of surgical-wound infection and should be given the same consideration as maintaining adequate vascular volume and normothermia.
2586. Behavioural management in nursing and residential homes: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: R Proctor.;A Burns.;H S Powell.;N Tarrier.;B Faragher.;G Richardson.;L Davies.;B South.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9172期26-9页
As more and more elderly people are being cared for in residential and nursing homes, how best can their psychiatric needs be met? We report on evaluation of a behavioural intervention by an old-age psychiatry hospital outreach team.
2587. Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy: a multicentre randomised double-blind study. Vigabatrin European Monotherapy Study Group.
Vigabatrin is a newly licensed drug for use in patients with epilepsy. We investigated whether this drug was comparable to standard first-line monotherapy in efficacy and incidence of adverse events.
2588. Effect of ACE inhibitor trandolapril on life expectancy of patients with reduced left-ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.
The survival benefit from the use of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction is usually presented in terms of risk ratios and lives saved per 1000 people treated. A more relevant way to present the extent of benefit would be in terms of an increase in life expectancy, but this approach has not previously been possible because of limited data on long-term outcome. We aimed to calculate the effect of trandolapril on life expectancy with follow-up data from the Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study.
2589. Drug-resistance genotyping in HIV-1 therapy: the VIRADAPT randomised controlled trial.
作者: J Durant.;P Clevenbergh.;P Halfon.;P Delgiudice.;S Porsin.;P Simonet.;N Montagne.;C A Boucher.;J M Schapiro.;P Dellamonica.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9171期2195-9页
Growing evidence has linked HIV-1 resistance mutations and drug failure. The use of genotypic-resistance analysis to assist therapeutic decision-making in patients failing therapy has not been investigated. We assessed the virological and immunological impact of genotypic-resistance testing.
2590. Intensive versus standard case management for severe psychotic illness: a randomised trial. UK 700 Group.
Case management has increasingly been the recommended approach to care for severely mentally ill patients since the number of psychiatric beds has decreased. Despite equivocal results, in the UK and Europe, this approach is becoming accepted policy. We assessed the effect of smaller case loads.
2591. Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial. ASA and Carotid Endarterectomy (ACE) Trial Collaborators.
作者: D W Taylor.;H J Barnett.;R B Haynes.;G G Ferguson.;D L Sackett.;K E Thorpe.;D Simard.;F L Silver.;V Hachinski.;G P Clagett.;R Barnes.;J D Spence.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9171期2179-84页
Endarterectomy benefits certain patients with carotid stenosis, but benefits are lessened by perioperative surgical risk. Acetylsalicylic acid lowers the risk of stroke in patients who have experienced transient ischaemic attack and stroke. We investigated appropriate doses and the role of acetylsalicylic acid in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
2593. Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk-modelling study. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group.
Carotid endarterectomy lowers the risk of carotid territory ipsilateral ischaemic stroke, and is the treatment of choice, in patients with recently symptomatic 70-99% carotid stenosis. However, the 3-year risk of stroke on medical treatment alone is only about 20%. We investigated whether the efficacy of endarterectomy would be improved if patients with a high risk of stroke on medical treatment and a low risk of operative stroke or death could be identified.
2594. Comparison of therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised prospective parallel trial.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is widely used as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea. However, to date there are no randomised controlled trials of this therapy against a well-matched control. We undertook a randomised prospective parallel trial of therapeutic NCPAP for obstructive sleep apnoea compared with a control group on subtherapeutic NCPAP.
2597. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF).
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9169期2001-7页
Metoprolol can improve haemodynamics in chronic heart failure, but survival benefit has not been proven. We investigated whether metoprolol controlled release/extended release (CR/XL) once daily, in addition to standard therapy, would lower mortality in patients with decreased ejection fraction and symptoms of heart failure.
2598. Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial.
作者: B Fisher.;J Dignam.;N Wolmark.;D L Wickerham.;E R Fisher.;E Mamounas.;R Smith.;M Begovic.;N V Dimitrov.;R G Margolese.;C G Kardinal.;M T Kavanah.;L Fehrenbacher.;R H Oishi.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9169期1993-2000页
We have shown previously that lumpectomy with radiation therapy was more effective than lumpectomy alone for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We did a double-blind randomised controlled trial to find out whether lumpectomy, radiation therapy, and tamoxifen was of more benefit than lumpectomy and radiation therapy alone for DCIS.
2599. Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous interleukin-2 in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection: a randomised controlled trial. ANRS 048 study group.
作者: Y Levy.;C Capitant.;S Houhou.;I Carriere.;J P Viard.;C Goujard.;J A Gastaut.;E Oksenhendler.;L Boumsell.;E Gomard.;C Rabian.;L Weiss.;J G Guillet.;J F Delfraissy.;J P Aboulker.;M Seligmann.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9168期1923-9页
Intermittent interleukin-2 therapy for HIV-1 by continuous intravenous infusion leads to sustained increase of CD4 T cells. This method of administration is, however, inconvenient and has limiting toxic effects. We did a randomised study to compare safety and efficacy of antiviral treatment alone or combined with various interleukin-2 regimens in HIV-1-infected patients.
2600. 14 years of follow-up from the Edinburgh randomised trial of breast-cancer screening.
作者: F E Alexander.;T J Anderson.;H K Brown.;A P Forrest.;W Hepburn.;A E Kirkpatrick.;B B Muir.;R J Prescott.;A Smith.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9168期1903-8页
The Edinburgh randomised trial of breast-cancer screening recruited women aged 45-64 years from 1978 to 1981 (cohort 1), and those aged 45-49 years during 1982-85 (cohorts 2 and 3). Results based on 14 years of follow-up and 270,000 woman-years of observation are reported.
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