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241. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of muscles of ambulation in patients with chronic heart failure or COPD: a systematic review of the English-language literature.
作者: Maurice J H Sillen.;Caroline M Speksnijder.;Rose-Miek A Eterman.;Paul P Janssen.;Scott S Wagers.;Emiel F M Wouters.;Nicole H M K Uszko-Lencer.;Martijn A Spruit.
来源: Chest. 2009年136卷1期44-61页
Despite optimal drug treatment, many patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) or COPD still experience disabling dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. They also exhibit significant changes in body composition. Attempts to rehabilitate these patients are often futile because conventional exercise-training modalities are limited by the severity of exertional dyspnea. Therefore, there is substantial interest in new training modalities that do not evoke dyspnea, such as transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES).
242. Should FEV1/FEV6 replace FEV1/FVC ratio to detect airway obstruction? A metaanalysis.
The conventional FEV(1)/FVC test is the "gold standard" to quantitate airway obstruction, but elderly subjects or patients with severe respiratory diseases quite frequently cannot make such an effort. Many studies have investigated the usefulness of FEV(1)/forced expired volume in 6 s (FEV(6)) measurements as an alternative for FEV(1)/FVC for diagnosis of airway obstruction. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the FEV(1)/FEV(6) substitute for FEV(1)/FVC in the diagnosis of airway obstruction.
243. Systematic review and metaanalysis: urinary antigen tests for Legionellosis.
作者: Toshihiko Shimada.;Yoshinori Noguchi.;Jeffrey L Jackson.;Jun Miyashita.;Yasuaki Hayashino.;Toru Kamiya.;Shin Yamazaki.;Tadashi Matsumura.;Shunichi Fukuhara.
来源: Chest. 2009年136卷6期1576-1585页
Urinary antigen assays offer simplicity and rapidity in diagnosing Legionnaires' disease, though studies report a range of sensitivities. We conducted a systematic review to assess the test characteristics of Legionella urinary antigen.
244. Continuing medical education effect on clinical outcomes: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines.
As opportunities for quality improvement become more visible, educational planners, health services researchers, and policymakers search for strategies that lead to better clinical outcomes. Continuing medical education (CME) is one such strategy, but the impact of CME is poorly defined in relation to clinical outcomes, and efforts to standardize definitions of clinical outcomes are in varied stages of development.
245. Continuing medical education effect on physician knowledge application and psychomotor skills: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines.
Recommendations for optimizing continuing medical education (CME) effectiveness in improving physician application of knowledge and psychomotor skills are needed to guide the development of processes that effect physician change and improve patient care.
246. Antiinflammatory effects of long-acting beta2-agonists in patients with asthma: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABAs) are recommended as add-on therapy to antiinflammatory treatment in patients with chronic persistent asthma. Results from individual studies evaluating the in vivo antiinflammatory effect of LABAs are conflicting. The purpose of this metaanalysis was to determine whether LABAs have an in vivo antiinflammatory effect compared to placebo and whether the addition of a LABA to therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) has a synergistic or additive antiinflammatory effect.
247. Second-line treatments in non-small cell lung cancer. A systematic review of literature and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials.
作者: Davide Tassinari.;Emanuela Scarpi.;Sergio Sartori.;Emiliano Tamburini.;Carlotta Santelmo.;Paola Tombesi.;Luigi Lazzari-Agli.
来源: Chest. 2009年135卷6期1596-1609页
To assess the efficacy of second-line treatments in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
248. Diagnosis and management of work-related asthma: American College Of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement.
作者: Susan M Tarlo.;John Balmes.;Ronald Balkissoon.;Jeremy Beach.;William Beckett.;David Bernstein.;Paul D Blanc.;Stuart M Brooks.;Clayton T Cowl.;Feroza Daroowalla.;Philip Harber.;Catherine Lemiere.;Gary M Liss.;Karin A Pacheco.;Carrie A Redlich.;Brian Rowe.;Julia Heitzer.
来源: Chest. 2008年134卷3 Suppl期1S-41S页
A previous American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement on asthma in the workplace was published in 1995. The current Consensus Statement updates the previous one based on additional research that has been published since then, including findings relevant to preventive measures and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA).
249. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Nearly 30% of all exacerbations of COPD do not have a clear etiology. Although pulmonary embolism (PE) can exacerbate respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain, and COPD patients are at a high risk for PE due to a variety of factors including limited mobility, inflammation, and comorbidities, the prevalence of PE during exacerbations is uncertain.
250. Statins and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review of the literature and of food and drug administration adverse event reports.
作者: Antonio B Fernández.;Richard H Karas.;Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali.;Paul D Thompson.
来源: Chest. 2008年134卷4期824-830页
To systematically review all published case reports and the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting (FDA-AER) database to examine the relationship between statins and interstitial lung disease (ILD).
251. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: a metaanalysis.
作者: Jacob F Collen.;Jeffrey L Jackson.;Andrew F Shorr.;Lisa K Moores.
来源: Chest. 2008年134卷2期237-249页
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important complication of neurosurgery. Current guidelines recommend pharmacologic prophylaxis in this setting with either unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). We conducted a systematic review asking, "Among patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, how safe and effective is the prophylactic use of heparin and mechanical devices?"
252. Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares.
Central venous pressure (CVP) is used almost universally to guide fluid therapy in hospitalized patients. Both historical and recent data suggest that this approach may be flawed.
253. Safety of long-acting beta-agonists in stable COPD: a systematic review.
Some studies have suggested that use of long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABAs) leads to an increased risk for adverse events in patients with stable COPD. The purpose of this review was to assess the safety, and secondarily the efficacy of LABAs.
254. Contemporary management of acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) are recommended for patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. However, their clinical benefits in various settings are uncertain. We undertook a systematic review and metaanalysis to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies.
255. A review of potential state and local policies to reduce asthma disparities.
Although policies promoting asthma-friendly communities should reduce asthma disparities, not much is known about the status of policy implementation or effectiveness. We review the efforts of state and local agencies to identify and target asthma disparities for reduction, as evidenced by written laws and policy documents and use of funding. Policies targeting health care, homes, schools, and workplaces hold promise for creating asthma-friendly communities; however, the scope and reach of these activities must be increased to have statewide or national impact. In addition, there is a general lack of systematic review of evidence about the institutionalization of successful demonstration programs into policy.
256. A systematic review of the prothrombotic effects of an acute change in posture: a possible mechanism underlying the morning excess in cardiovascular events?
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a morning excess of acute cardiovascular events, which has subsequently been refined to the 2 to 3 h after awakening. It is therefore reasonable to assume that some activity associated with awakening may trigger such cardiovascular events, with the assumption of an upright posture being of potential significance.
257. Evidence for management of small cell lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition).
作者: David J Samson.;Jerome Seidenfeld.;George R Simon.;Andrew T Turrisi.;Claudia Bonnell.;Kathleen M Ziegler.;Naomi Aronson.; .
来源: Chest. 2007年132卷3 Suppl期314S-323S页
This systematic review addressed the following key questions on managing small cell lung cancer (SCLC): the sequence, timing, and dosing characteristics of primary thoracic radiotherapy (TRTx) for limited-stage disease; primary TRTx for extensive-stage disease; effect of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI); positron emission tomography (PET) for staging; treatment of mixed histology tumors; surgery; and second-line and subsequent-line treatment for relapsed/progressive disease.
258. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer?: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition).
作者: Momen M Wahidi.;Joseph A Govert.;Ranjit K Goudar.;Michael K Gould.;Douglas C McCrory.; .
来源: Chest. 2007年132卷3 Suppl期94S-107S页
The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a frequent incidental finding that may represent primary lung cancer or other malignant or benign lesions. The optimal management of the SPN remains unclear.
259. A systematic review of population-based studies of infective endocarditis.
作者: Imad M Tleyjeh.;Ahmed Abdel-Latif.;Hazim Rahbi.;Christopher G Scott.;Kent R Bailey.;James M Steckelberg.;Walter R Wilson.;Larry M Baddour.
来源: Chest. 2007年132卷3期1025-35页
We sought to summarize and critically appraise the literature on the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE) in the general population.
260. Analyzing the short-term effect of placebo therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: potential implications for the design of future clinical trials.
作者: Donald L Helman.;Alexander W Brown.;Jeffrey L Jackson.;Andrew F Shorr.
来源: Chest. 2007年132卷3期764-72页
Placebo is commonly used in short-term randomized trials for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Currently, outcome data regarding placebo are lacking. We conducted a systematic review and performed a metaanalysis to assess its effect.
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