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2521. Intracluster correlation of STD prevalence in a community intervention trial in Kenya.
作者: P J Feldblum.;M Chen-Mok.;J J Bwayo.;M Omari.;M Kuyoh.;K A Ryan.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9187期1356-7页
This study is a cluster-randomised, community intervention trial to measure the impact of female condom introduction on STD prevalence among Kenyan agricultural workers. The intracluster correlation coefficient of baseline STD prevalences at the 12 sites was 0.0011.
2522. Haemodialysis-membrane biocompatibility and mortality of patients with dialysis-dependent acute renal failure: a prospective randomised multicentre trial. International Multicentre Study Group.
作者: A Jörres.;G M Gahl.;C Dobis.;M H Polenakovic.;K Cakalaroski.;B Rutkowski.;E Kisielnicka.;D H Krieter.;K W Rumpf.;C Guenther.;W Gaus.;J Hoegel.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9187期1337-41页
There is controversy as to whether haemodialysis-membrane biocompatibility (ie, the potential to activate complement and neutrophils) influences mortality of patients with acute renal failure. We did a prospective randomised multicentre trial in patients with dialysis-dependent acute renal failure treated with two different types of low-flux membrane.
2523. Care of minor injuries by emergency nurse practitioners or junior doctors: a randomised controlled trial.
We aimed to assess the care and outcome of patients with minor injuries who were managed by a nurse practitioner or a junior doctor in our accident and emergency department.
2525. Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders in childhood.
作者: S J Perlmutter.;S F Leitman.;M A Garvey.;S Hamburger.;E Feldman.;H L Leonard.;S E Swedo.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9185期1153-8页
In children, exacerbations of tics and obsessive symptoms may occur after infection with group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. If post-streptococcal autoimmunity is the cause of the exacerbations, then children might respond to immunomodulatory treatments such as plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We studied whether plasma exchange or IVIG would be better than placebo (sham IVIG) in reducing severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
2526. Effects of a multidisciplinary, home-based intervention on unplanned readmissions and survival among patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a randomised controlled study.
Hospital admissions among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are a major contributor to health-care costs. Previous investigations suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacotherapy in CHF may be improved by strategies incorporating home visits to identify and address factors precipitating deterioration and resultant readmission.
2527. Early compared with delayed inhaled nitric oxide in moderately hypoxaemic neonates with respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. The Franco-Belgium Collaborative NO Trial Group.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9184期1066-71页
Inhaled nitric oxide improves oxygenation in severely hypoxaemic term neonates, which lessens the need for extracorporeal-membrane oxygenation. Improvement in other relevant outcomes remains unknown, and safety of inhaled nitric oxide is uncertain in preterm neonates. We did a randomised controlled trial to assess use of inhaled nitric oxide in preterm and near-term neonates.
2528. Inhaled nitric oxide in premature neonates with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: J P Kinsella.;W F Walsh.;C L Bose.;D R Gerstmann.;J J Labella.;S Sardesai.;M C Walsh-Sukys.;M J McCaffrey.;D N Cornfield.;V K Bhutani.;G R Cutter.;M Baier.;S H Abman.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9184期1061-5页
Inhaled nitric oxide improves oxygenation and lessens the need for extracorporeal-membrane oxygenation in full-term neonates with hypoxaemic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension, but potential adverse effects are intracranial haemorrhage and chronic lung disease. We investigated whether low-dose inhaled nitric oxide would improve survival in premature neonates with unresponsive severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and would not increase the frequency or severity of intracranial haemorrhage or chronic lung disease.
2529. Intensive case management for psychotic patients with borderline intelligence. UK 700 Group.
Patients with recurrent psychotic disorder and borderline learning disability who were randomly assigned intensive case management spent less than half the subsequent time in hospital than those who were assigned standard case management.
2530. Home-made spacers for bronchodilator therapy in children with acute asthma: a randomised trial.
作者: H J Zar.;G Brown.;H Donson.;N Brathwaite.;M D Mann.;E G Weinberg.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9183期979-82页
A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer is the best way to deliver bronchodilator therapy for treatment of acute asthma. In developing countries, commercially produced spacers are generally unavailable or too costly. We tested the efficacy of home-made spacers (500 mL plastic bottle, polystyrene cup) compared with a conventional spacer for delivery of a beta2 agonist via MDI for children with acute asthma.
2532. Assessment of the pain of blood-sugar testing: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: M E Loveland.;S D Carley.;N Cranfield.;V F Hillier.;K Mackway-Jones.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9182期921-2页
Lancet puncture to the side of the thumb resulted in less pain than lancet puncture to the finger or venepuncture at the elbow. Success rates were the same.
2533. Serotherapy in scorpion envenomation: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: F Abroug.;S ElAtrous.;S Nouira.;H Haguiga.;N Touzi.;S Bouchoucha.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9182期906-9页
Evidence for the benefit of scorpion antivenom, the only specific treatment for scorpion envenomation, is scarce, despite its common use. We did a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of routine administration of scorpion antivenom to scorpion-stung patients, irrespective of clinical severity.
2534. Role of immunohistochemical detection of lymph-node metastases in management of breast cancer. International Breast Cancer Study Group.
作者: R J Cote.;H F Peterson.;B Chaiwun.;R D Gelber.;A Goldhirsch.;M Castiglione-Gertsch.;B Gusterson.;A M Neville.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9182期896-900页
This study was designed to ascertain whether immunohistochemical methods could improve the detection of metastases in primary breast-cancer patients whose axillary lymph nodes were classified, by conventional methods, as disease free.
2535. Efficacy of azithromycin in prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomised trial. California Collaborative Treatment Group.
作者: M W Dunne.;S Bozzette.;J A McCutchan.;M P Dubé.;F R Sattler.;D Forthal.;C A Kemper.;D Havlir.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9182期891-5页
Azithromycin in combination with sulphonamides is active against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in animals. We assessed the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for PCP prophylaxis in human beings.
2536. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation compared with continued medical therapy for treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a prospective randomised trial. ATLANTIC Investigators. Angina Treatments-Lasers and Normal Therapies in Comparison.
作者: D Burkhoff.;S Schmidt.;S P Schulman.;J Myers.;J Resar.;L C Becker.;J Weiss.;J W Jones.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9182期885-90页
Transmyocardial revascularisation (TMR) is an operative treatment for refractory angina pectoris when bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is not indicated. We did a prospective randomised trial to compare TMR with continued medication.
2537. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial.
作者: L C Chappell.;P T Seed.;A L Briley.;F J Kelly.;R Lee.;B J Hunt.;K Parmar.;S J Bewley.;A H Shennan.;P J Steer.;L Poston.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9181期810-6页
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effect of supplementation with vitamins C and E in women at increased risk of the disorder on plasma markers of vascular endothelial activation and placental insufficiency and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia.
2538. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial.
作者: L A Guay.;P Musoke.;T Fleming.;D Bagenda.;M Allen.;C Nakabiito.;J Sherman.;P Bakaki.;C Ducar.;M Deseyve.;L Emel.;M Mirochnick.;M G Fowler.;L Mofenson.;P Miotti.;K Dransfield.;D Bray.;F Mmiro.;J B Jackson.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9181期795-802页
The AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 zidovudine prophylaxis regimen for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their babies has been associated with a significant decrease in vertical HIV-1 transmission in non-breastfeeding women in developed countries. We compared the safety and efficacy of short-course nevirapine or zidovudine during labour and the first week of life.
2539. Acute effect of nitric oxide on Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma.
Intra-arterial infusions of L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside significantly decreased the occurrence of laboratory-induced Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma patients. Raising the concentration of nitric oxide may be of therapeutic value in this population.
2540. Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: A Green.;G Williams.;R Neale.;V Hart.;D Leslie.;P Parsons.;G C Marks.;P Gaffney.;D Battistutta.;C Frost.;C Lang.;A Russell.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9180期723-9页
The use of sunscreens on the skin can prevent sunburn but whether long-term use can prevent skin cancer is not known. Also, there is evidence that oral betacarotene supplementation lowers skin-cancer rates in animals, but there is limited evidence of its effect in human beings.
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