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2441. Factor XIII-mediated inhibition of fibrinolysis and venous leg ulcers.
Densitometric analysis shows an accelerated healing rate and a significantly diminished lesional fibrinolytic activity in patients with venous leg ulcers treated topically with the fibrin-stabilising factor XIII compared with controls.
2442. Glycine antagonist (gavestinel) in neuroprotection (GAIN International) in patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial. GAIN International Investigators.
作者: K R Lees.;K Asplund.;A Carolei.;S M Davis.;H C Diener.;M Kaste.;J M Orgogozo.;J Whitehead.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9219期1949-54页
Early treatment may improve acute ischaemic stroke outcome. Gavestinel is a selective antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and is neuroprotective in animal models of ischaemic stroke.
2443. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Within the intensive-care unit, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can prevent the need for intubation and the mortality associated with severe episodes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to find whether the introduction of NIV, early after the admission on a general respiratory ward, was effective at reducing the need for intubation and the mortality associated with acute exacerbations of COPD.
2445. Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus PR-interval analysis in intrapartum surveillance: a randomised, multicentre trial. FECG Study Group.
作者: B K Strachan.;W J van Wijngaarden.;D Sahota.;A Chang.;D K James.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9202期456-9页
There is a need to improve the sensitivity and specificity of fetal monitoring during labour. We compared the gold standard, cardiotocography, with cardiotocography plus time-interval analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram in fetal surveillance. The aim was to find out whether time-interval analysis decreased the need for operative intervention due to fetal distress.
2446. Diltiazem in acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic agents: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Incomplete Infarction Trial of European Research Collaborators Evaluating Prognosis post-Thrombolysis (INTERCEPT).
作者: W E Boden.;W H van Gilst.;R G Scheldewaert.;I R Starkey.;M F Carlier.;D G Julian.;A Whitehead.;M E Bertrand.;J J Col.;O L Pedersen.;K I Lie.;J P Santoni.;K M Fox.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9217期1751-6页
Diltiazem reduces non-fatal reinfarction and refractory ischaemia after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, an acute coronary syndrome similar to the incomplete infarction that occurs after successful reperfusion. We postulated that this agent would reduce cardiac events in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated initially with thrombolytic agents-a clinical application previously unexplored with heart-rate-lowering calcium antagonists.
2447. Comparison of fluorouracil with additional levamisole, higher-dose folinic acid, or both, as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a randomised trial. QUASAR Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9215期1588-96页
Standard adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer consists of fluorouracil with folinic acid or levamisole. The large QUASAR randomised trial aimed to investigate (in a two x two design) whether use of a higher dose of folinic acid or addition of levamisole to fluorouracil and folinic acid improved survival.
2448. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial--the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II.
作者: B Pitt.;P A Poole-Wilson.;R Segal.;F A Martinez.;K Dickstein.;A J Camm.;M A Konstam.;G Riegger.;G H Klinger.;J Neaton.;D Sharma.;B Thiyagarajan.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9215期1582-7页
The ELITE study showed an association between the angiotensin II antagonist losartan and an unexpected survival benefit in elderly heart-failure patients, compared with captopril, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. We did the ELITE II Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study to confirm whether losartan is superior to captopril in improving survival and is better tolerated.
2449. Effect of consumption of red wine, spirits, and beer on serum homocysteine.
作者: M S van der Gaag.;J B Ubbink.;P Sillanaukee.;S Nikkari.;H F Hendriks.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9214期1522页
Serum homocysteine increases after moderate consumption of red wine and spirits, not after moderate consumption of beer. Vitamin B6 in beer seems to prevent the alcohol-induced rise in serum homocysteine.
2450. Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled study.
作者: M P Mourits.;M L van Kempen-Harteveld.;M B García.;H P Koppeschaar.;L Tick.;C B Terwee.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9214期1505-9页
The best treatment (steroids, irradiation, or both) for moderately severe Graves' orbitopathy, a self-limiting disease is not known. We tested the efficacy of external beam irradiation compared with sham-irradiation.
2451. Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial.
作者: E V Lang.;E G Benotsch.;L J Fick.;S Lutgendorf.;M L Berbaum.;K S Berbaum.;H Logan.;D Spiegel.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9214期1486-90页
Non-pharmacological behavioural adjuncts have been suggested as efficient safe means in reducing discomfort and adverse effects during medical procedures. We tested this assumption for patients undergoing percutaneous vascular and renal procedures in a prospective, randomised, single-centre study.
2452. Efficacy of new, concise schedule for melarsoprol in treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a randomised trial.
African trypanosomiasis is a fatal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. The disease has reached epidemic dimensions in various countries of central Africa. Treatment of the second stage is long and complicated, and is hampered by severe adverse reactions to the first-line drug, melarsoprol. Despite these problems, melarsoprol is likely to remain the drug of choice for the next decade. We therefore did a randomised trial comparing the standard treatment schedule with a new, concise regimen.
2453. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial. PORTEC Study Group. Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma.
作者: C L Creutzberg.;W L van Putten.;P C Koper.;M L Lybeert.;J J Jobsen.;C C Wárlám-Rodenhuis.;K A De Winter.;L C Lutgens.;A C van den Bergh.;E van de Steen-Banasik.;H Beerman.;M van Lent.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9213期1404-11页
Postoperative radiotherapy for International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage-1 endometrial carcinoma is a subject of controversy due to the low relapse rate and the lack of data from randomised trials. We did a multicentre prospective randomised trial to find whether postoperative pelvic radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma.
2454. Pumactant and poractant alfa for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates born at 25-29 weeks' gestation: a randomised trial.
作者: S B Ainsworth.;M W Beresford.;D W Milligan.;N J Shaw.;J N Matthews.;A C Fenton.;M P Ward Platt.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9213期1387-92页
Exogenous surfactant preparations vary in their constitution and biophysical properties. Synthetic and animal-derived preparations lower the rate of death compared with controls. No significant differences in mortality or important long-term clinical outcomes have been shown between them in randomised trials. We did a randomised controlled trial to compare pumactant, a synthetic surfactant, with poractant alfa, an animal-derived surfactant, both of which are widely used in the UK.
2455. Treatment of heart failure guided by plasma aminoterminal brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) concentrations.
作者: R W Troughton.;C M Frampton.;T G Yandle.;E A Espiner.;M G Nicholls.;A M Richards.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9210期1126-30页
There is currently no objective practical guide to intensity of drug treatment for individuals with heart failure. We hypothesised that pharmacotherapy guided by plasma concentrations of the cardiac peptide aminoterminal brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) would produce a superior outcome to empirical trial-based therapy dictated by clinical acumen.
2456. Comparison of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy plus hyperthermia in locally advanced pelvic tumours: a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. Dutch Deep Hyperthermia Group.
作者: J van der Zee.;D González González.;G C van Rhoon.;J D van Dijk.;W L van Putten.;A A Hart.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9210期1119-25页
Local-control rates after radiotherapy for locally advanced tumours of the bladder, cervix, and rectum are disappointing. We investigated the effect of adding hyperthermia to standard radiotherapy.
2458. Oral artemether for prevention of Schistosoma mansoni infection: randomised controlled trial.
作者: J Utzinger.;E K N'Goran.;A N'Dri.;C Lengeler.;S Xiao.;M Tanner.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9212期1320-5页
Chemotherapy with praziquantel is the current strategy of choice to control schistosomiasis. However, in view of concern about praziquantel tolerance or resistance, new drugs are needed. Artemether, a derivative of the antimalarial drug artemisinin, kills immature schistosomes of Schistosoma japonicum, and reduces the incidence of infection in field trials. Laboratory studies have also showed activity by this drug against S. mansoni. We report a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of artemether to prevent S. mansoni infection.
2459. Aprotinin and transfusion requirements in orthotopic liver transplantation: a multicentre randomised double-blind study. EMSALT Study Group.
作者: R J Porte.;I Q Molenaar.;B Begliomini.;T H Groenland.;A Januszkiewicz.;L Lindgren.;G Palareti.;J Hermans.;O T Terpstra.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9212期1303-9页
Intraoperative hyperfibrinolysis contributes to bleeding during adult orthotopic liver transplantation. We aimed to find out whether aprotinin, a potent antifibrinolytic agent, reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements.
2460. Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) trial.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9212期1295-302页
Previous trials of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of venous thromboembolism have individually been inconclusive, but a meta-analysis of their results indicated reductions in the risks of deep-vein thrombosis and of pulmonary embolism in various high-risk groups. The aim of this large randomised placebo-controlled trial was to confirm or refute these apparent benefits.
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