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2421. Efficacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in individuals and couples in Kenya, Tanzania, and Trinidad: a randomised trial. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9224期103-12页
Our aim was to determine the efficacy of HIV-1 voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) in reducing unprotected intercourse among individuals and sex-partner couples in Nairobi (Kenya), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), and Port of Spain (Trinidad).
2422. Oral anticoagulation self-management and management by a specialist anticoagulation clinic: a randomised cross-over comparison.
作者: M E Cromheecke.;M Levi.;L P Colly.;B J de Mol.;M H Prins.;B A Hutten.;R Mak.;K C Keyzers.;H R Büller.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9224期97-102页
Vitamin K antagonist treatment is effective for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events but frequent laboratory control and dose-adjustment are essential. Small portable devices have enabled patient self-monitoring of anticoagulation and self-adjustment of the dose. We compared this self-management of oral anticoagulant therapy with conventional management by a specialist anticoagulation clinic in a randomised cross-over study.
2423. Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: a randomised multicentre study. The Rapamune US Study Group.
Acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation are an important clinical challenge, despite use of multidrug immunosuppressive regimens. We did a prospective, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial to investigate the impact of the addition of sirolimus, compared with azathioprine, to a cyclosporin and prednisone regimen.
2424. Comparison of pharmacokinetics and systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with asthma and healthy volunteers: a randomised crossover study.
作者: M H Brutsche.;I C Brutsche.;M Munawar.;S J Langley.;C M Masterson.;P T Daley-Yates.;R Brown.;A Custovic.;A Woodcock.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9229期556-61页
Inhaled corticosteroids are currently the cornerstone of asthma treatment. Some studies of high-dose fluticasone propionate in patients with no or mild asthma have, however, suggested substantial systemic absorption. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate in patients with asthma receiving appropriate doses for severity.
2425. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial.
No satisfactory strategy for reducing high child mortality from malaria has yet been established in tropical Africa. We compared the effect on under-5 mortality of teaching mothers to promptly provide antimalarials to their sick children at home, with the present community health worker approach.
2426. Oral insulin administration and residual beta-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Diabète Insuline Orale group.
作者: L Chaillous.;H Lefèvre.;C Thivolet.;C Boitard.;N Lahlou.;C Atlan-Gepner.;B Bouhanick.;A Mogenet.;M Nicolino.;J C Carel.;P Lecomte.;R Maréchaud.;P Bougnères.;B Charbonnel.;P Saï.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9229期545-9页
Oral administration of autoantigens can slow the progression of beta-cell destruction in non-obese diabetic mice. We investigated whether oral administration of recombinant human insulin could protect residual beta-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
2427. Comparison of wet combing with malathion for treatment of head lice in the UK: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
Concern about the effectiveness and toxicity of insecticide lotions has led to promotion of mechanical methods to remove head lice. We compared the effectiveness of "bug-busting" (wet combing with a fine-toothed comb) and malathion lotion.
2428. Tri-iodothyronine treatment in children after cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study.
作者: M Bettendorf.;K G Schmidt.;J Grulich-Henn.;H E Ulmer.;U E Heinrich.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9229期529-34页
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations decline transiently during critical illness and after surgical procedures. We investigated prospectively the endocrine and haemodynamic effects of tri-iodothyronine treatment after cardiopulmonary bypass operations in children with congenital cardiac malformations.
2429. Regular inhaled salbutamol and asthma control: the TRUST randomised trial. Therapy Working Group of the National Asthma Task Force and the MRC General Practice Research Framework.
作者: S M Dennis.;S J Sharp.;M R Vickers.;C D Frost.;G K Crompton.;P J Barnes.;T H Lee.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9216期1675-9页
Previous work has suggested that the long-term regular use of inhaled beta2-agonist bronchodilators might lead to a deterioration in asthma control. The aim of TRUST (The Regular Use of Salbutamol Trial) was to study the effects of regular use of inhaled salbutamol, the most widely prescribed bronchodilator in the UK, on the control of asthma.
2430. Effect of population screening and treatment for Helicobacter pylori on dyspepsia and quality of life in the community: a randomised controlled trial. Leeds HELP Study Group.
作者: P Moayyedi.;R Feltbower.;J Brown.;S Mason.;J Mason.;J Nathan.;I D Richards.;A C Dowell.;A T Axon.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9216期1665-9页
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of peptic-ulcer disease. Treatment of this infection might lower the prevalence of dyspepsia in the community and improve quality of life. We investigated this possibility in a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
2432. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial.
作者: N French.;J Nakiyingi.;L M Carpenter.;E Lugada.;C Watera.;K Moi.;M Moore.;D Antvelink.;D Mulder.;E N Janoff.;J Whitworth.;C F Gilks.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9221期2106-11页
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent and serious problem for HIV-immunosuppressed adults. Vaccination is recommended in the USA and Europe, but there are no prospective data that show vaccine efficacy.
2433. Promotion of condom use in a high-risk setting in Nicaragua: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: M Egger.;J Pauw.;A Lopatatzidis.;D Medrano.;F Paccaud.;G D Smith.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9221期2101-5页
In Latin America, motels rent rooms for commercial and non-commercial sex. We investigated the impact of providing health-education material and condoms on condom use in Managua, Nicaragua.
2434. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial.
作者: C Ronco.;R Bellomo.;P Homel.;A Brendolan.;M Dan.;P Piccinni.;G La Greca.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9223期26-30页
Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration is increasingly used to treat acute renal failure in critically ill patients, but a clear definition of an adequate treatment dose has not been established. We undertook a prospective randomised study of the impact different ultrafiltration doses in continuous renal replacement therapy on survival.
2435. Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease: the FRISC II invasive randomised trial. FRISC II Investigators. Fast Revascularisation during Instability in Coronary artery disease.
作者: L Wallentin.;B Lagerqvist.;S Husted.;F Kontny.;E Ståhle.;E Swahn.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9223期9-16页
The Fragmin and Fast Revascularisation during Instability in Coronary artery disease II trial (FRISC II) compared an early invasive with an early non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease. We report outcome at 1 year.
2436. Malaria chemoprophylaxis with tafenoquine: a randomised study.
作者: B Lell.;J F Faucher.;M A Missinou.;S Borrmann.;O Dangelmaier.;J Horton.;P G Kremsner.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9220期2041-5页
Tafenoquine is an analogue of primaquine with an improved therapeutic and safety profile. It has a long half-life and activity against liver-stage malaria parasites, so may be useful for chemoprophylaxis. In this randomised, double-blind study we assessed the efficacy and safety of tafenoquine in different doses.
2437. Zinc supplementation and stunted infants in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled trial.
Stunting is highly prevalent in Ethiopia and many other developing countries but the reason for it is poorly understood. Zinc is essential for growth but diets in such countries often do not contain zinc in sufficient quantity or of sufficient bioavailability. Thus zinc deficiency may play a major role in stunting. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the low rate of linear growth of apparently healthy breastfed infants in a rural village in Ethiopia could be improved by zinc supplementation.
2438. Optimum percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty compared with routine stent strategy trial (OPUS-1): a randomised trial.
作者: W D Weaver.;M A Reisman.;J J Griffin.;C E Buller.;P P Leimgruber.;T Henry.;C D'Haem.;V L Clark.;J S Martin.;D J Cohen.;N Neil.;N R Every.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9222期2199-203页
Whether routine implantation of coronary stents is the best strategy to treat flow-limiting coronary stenoses is unclear. An alternative approach is to do balloon angioplasty and provisionally use stents only to treat suboptimum results. We did a multicentre trial to compare the outcomes of patients treated with these strategies.
2439. Assessment of thymic output in adults after haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and prediction of T-cell reconstitution.
作者: D C Douek.;R A Vescio.;M R Betts.;J M Brenchley.;B J Hill.;L Zhang.;J R Berenson.;R H Collins.;R A Koup.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9218期1875-81页
The potential benefits of haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation are tempered by the depletion of T-cells accompanying this procedure. We used a new technique which quantifies the excisional DNA products of T-cell-receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement to measure thymic output directly in patients with multiple myeloma, and thus assessed the contribution of the thymus to immune recovery after transplantation.
2440. Efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in treatment of acute influenza: a randomised controlled trial. Neuraminidase Inhibitor Flu Treatment Investigator Group.
作者: K G Nicholson.;F Y Aoki.;A D Osterhaus.;S Trottier.;O Carewicz.;C H Mercier.;A Rode.;N Kinnersley.;P Ward.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9218期1845-50页
Use of some antiviral drugs for influenza infection is limited by potential rapid emergence of resistance. We studied the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir, the oral prodrug of the neuraminidase inhibitor GS4071, in adults with naturally acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza.
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