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2381. Cost effectiveness of initial endoscopy for dyspepsia in patients over age 50 years: a randomised controlled trial in primary care.
作者: B C Delaney.;S Wilson.;A Roalfe.;L Roberts.;V Redman.;A Wearn.;A Briggs.;F D Hobbs.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9246期1965-9页
Dyspepsia can be managed by initial endoscopy and treatment based on endoscopic findings, or by empirical prescribing. We aimed to determine the cost effectiveness of initial endoscopy compared with usual management in patients with dyspepsia over age 50 years presenting to their primary care physician.
2382. Atovaquone-proguanil versus chloroquine-proguanil for malaria prophylaxis in non-immune travellers: a randomised, double-blind study. Malarone International Study Team.
作者: B Høgh.;P D Clarke.;D Camus.;H D Nothdurft.;D Overbosch.;M Günther.;I Joubert.;K C Kain.;D Shaw.;N S Roskell.;J D Chulay.; .
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9245期1888-94页
Chloroquine plus proguanil is widely used for malaria chemoprophylaxis despite low effectiveness in areas where multidrug-resistant malaria occurs. Studies have shown that atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride is safe and effective for prevention of falciparum malaria in lifelong residents of malaria-endemic countries, but little is known about non-immune travellers.
2383. Effects of pravastatin in 3260 patients with unstable angina: results from the LIPID study.
作者: A M Tonkin.;D Colquhoun.;J Emberson.;W Hague.;A Keech.;G Lane.;S MacMahon.;J Shaw.;R J Simes.;P L Thompson.;H D White.;D Hunt.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9245期1871-5页
The LIPID study is a major trial of secondary prevention of coronary-heart-disease events that includes hospital admission with unstable angina (as well as myocardial infarction) as a qualifying event. In this substudy of LIPID, we compared subsequent cardiovascular risks and the effects of pravastatin in patients with previous unstable angina or previous myocardial infarction.
2384. Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation--Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): a randomised trial.
Atrial fibrillation is the most commonly encountered sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is believed by many physicians to be superior to rate control only. However, there are no prospective data that compare both therapeutic strategies.
2385. Effect of magnetic endoscope imaging on colonoscopy performance: a randomised controlled trial.
Colonoscopy can be technically challenging because of unpredictable colonoscope looping. Without imaging, straightening the colonoscope is sometimes difficult since the endoscopist has to guess where the tip is. Magnetic endoscope imaging (MEI), a new non-radiographical technique for picturing the colonoscope shaft in real time, could facilitate loop straightening and thus improve performance.
2386. Endometrial protection from tamoxifen-stimulated changes by a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: F J Gardner.;J C Konje.;K R Abrams.;L J Brown.;S Khanna.;F Al-Azzawi.;S C Bell.;D J Taylor.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9243期1711-7页
Tamoxifen is currently the most commonly used adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, however, it frequently causes episodes of unscheduled uterine bleeding, which could be associated with proliferative changes of the endometrium, or even endometrial cancer. We aimed to assess whether a levonorgestrel intrauterine system could modulate the uterine responses to tamoxifen. We also aimed to assess women's tolerance of the screening procedures, the insertion, removal, and potential side-effects of the device.
2387. Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularisation for severe angina: the PACIFIC randomised trial. Potential Class Improvement From Intramyocardial Channels.
作者: S N Oesterle.;T A Sanborn.;N Ali.;J Resar.;S R Ramee.;R Heuser.;L Dean.;W Knopf.;P Schofield.;G L Schaer.;G Reeder.;R Masden.;A C Yeung.;D Burkhoff.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9243期1705-10页
Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularisation (PTMR) is a proposed catheter-based therapy for refractory angina pectoris when bypass surgery or angioplasty is not possible. We undertook a randomised trial to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique.
2388. Effect of community-based peer counsellors on exclusive breastfeeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a randomised controlled trial [see commments].
Most mothers breastfeed in Bangladesh, but they rarely practise exclusive breastfeeding. Hospital-based strategies for breastfeeding promotion cannot reach them because about 95% have home deliveries. We postulated that with the intervention of trained peer counsellors, mothers could be enabled to breastfeed exclusively for the recommended duration of 5 months.
2389. Stiripentol in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: a randomised placebo-controlled syndrome-dedicated trial. STICLO study group.
作者: C Chiron.;M C Marchand.;A Tran.;E Rey.;P d'Athis.;J Vincent.;O Dulac.;G Pons.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9242期1638-42页
Stiripentol is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 that showed antiepileptic efficacy in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) in association with clobazam and valproate in an open study. To confirm these results, 41 children with SMEI were included in a randomised, placebo-controlled, add-on trial.
2391. Persistent pain and faecal urgency after stapled haemorrhoidectomy.
作者: M J Cheetham.;N J Mortensen.;P O Nystrom.;M A Kamm.;R K Phillips.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9231期730-3页
Haemorrhoidectomy usually cures haemorrhoids. Day surgery is feasible, and is associated with high patients' satisfaction and few complications, but patients take an average of 2 weeks off work after surgery. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy has the potential to decrease postoperative pain and time off work. However, data on long-term efficacy and function are lacking.
2392. Sputum eosinophilia and short-term response to prednisolone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: C E Brightling.;W Monteiro.;R Ward.;D Parker.;M D Morgan.;A J Wardlaw.;I D Pavord.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9240期1480-5页
Some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respond to corticosteroid therapy. Whether these patients have different airway pathology from other COPD patients is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that response to prednisolone is related to the presence of eosinophilic airway inflammation.
2393. Effect of post-treatment isoniazid on prevention of recurrent tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a randomised trial.
作者: D W Fitzgerald.;M Desvarieux.;P Severe.;P Joseph.;W D Johnson.;J W Pape.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9240期1470-4页
Patients with HIV-1 infection respond well to treatment for active tuberculosis, but whether such patients are at increased risk of disease recurrence after complete cure is uncertain. We did a randomised trial in Port au Prince, Haiti, to determine whether recurrent tuberculosis after curative tuberculosis treatment is more common in HIV-1-infected individuals than HIV-1-uninfected individuals, and to determine whether post-treatment isoniazid prophylaxis decreases the risk of recurrent tuberculosis.
2394. Inhaled nitric oxide and prevention of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart surgery: a randomised double-blind study.
作者: O I Miller.;S F Tang.;A Keech.;N B Pigott.;E Beller.;D S Celermajer.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9240期1464-9页
Pulmonary hypertensive crises (PHTC) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after congenital heart surgery. Inhaled nitric oxide is frequently used as rescue therapy. We did a randomised double-blind study to investigate the role of routinely administered inhaled nitric oxide to prevent pulmonary hypertension in infants at high risk.
2395. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomised, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan.
作者: E A Khalil.;A M El Hassan.;E E Zijlstra.;M M Mukhtar.;H W Ghalib.;B Musa.;M E Ibrahim.;A A Kamil.;M Elsheikh.;A Babiker.;F Modabber.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9241期1565-9页
Visceral leishmaniasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Sudan. Drug treatment is expensive, and drug resistance is becoming increasingly common. Safe, effective, and cheap vaccines are needed. We report the results of a vaccine trial against human visceral leishmaniasis.
2396. High-dose cyclophosphamide in severe aplastic anaemia: a randomised trial.
作者: J F Tisdale.;D E Dunn.;N Geller.;M Plante.;O Nunez.;C E Dunbar.;A J Barrett.;T J Walsh.;S J Rosenfeld.;N S Young.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9241期1554-9页
High-dose cyclophosphamide has been proposed as an alternative immunosuppressive agent for treatment of severe aplastic anaemia, with a response rate similar to that with regimens containing antithymocyte globulin (ATG) but neither relapse nor clonal haematological complications. We undertook a phase III, prospective, randomised trial to compare response rates to immunosuppression with either high-dose cyclophosphamide plus cyclosporin or conventional immunosuppression with ATG plus cyclosporin in previously untreated patients.
2397. Treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: M A Crowther.;J Julian.;D McCarty.;J Douketis.;M Kovacs.;L Biagoni.;T Schnurr.;J McGinnis.;M Gent.;J Hirsh.;J Ginsberg.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9241期1551-3页
Warfarin-associated coagulopathy is a frequent clinical complication. We aimed to assess whether treatment with vitamin K is safe and more effective than placebo in rapidly lowering the international normalised ratio (INR) into the therapeutic range in over anticoagulated patients receiving warfarin.
2398. Calcium and fibre supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: a randomised intervention trial. European Cancer Prevention Organisation Study Group.
Some epidemiological studies have suggested that high dietary intake of calcium and fibre reduces colorectal carcinogenesis. Available data are not sufficient to serve as a basis for firm dietary advice. We undertook a multicentre randomised trial to test the effect of diet supplementation with calcium and fibre on adenoma recurrence.
2399. Topical butyrate for acute radiation proctitis: randomised, crossover trial.
作者: P Vernia.;P L Fracasso.;V Casale.;G Villotti.;A Marcheggiano.;V Stigliano.;P Pinnaro.;V Bagnardi.;R Caprilli.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9237期1232-5页
No available therapy has, as yet, proven effective to treat acute radiation proctitis (ARP) following radiation therapy for malignant pelvic disease. We assessed whether sodium butyrate enemas, at a dose of 80 mmol/L (80 mL/24 h), might offer effective treatment for this condition.
2400. Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: M Boaz.;S Smetana.;T Weinstein.;Z Matas.;U Gafter.;A Iaina.;A Knecht.;Y Weissgarten.;D Brunner.;M Fainaru.;M S Green.
来源: Lancet. 2000年356卷9237期1213-8页
Excess cardiovascular mortality has been documented in chronic haemodialysis patients. Oxidative stress is greater in haemodialysis patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease than in those without, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in excess cardiovascular disease in haemodialysis. We investigated the effect of high-dose vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes in haemodialysis patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
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