Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world. Metastases occur in up to 40% of cases, and bones are the second most frequent site. Metastases in extremities are uncommon, with very few publications covering distal lower-limb bone metastasis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the survival outcomes and cytogenetic profile of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (p-ALL) and secondary ALL (s-ALL), including antecedent-malignancy ALL (am-ALL) and therapy-related ALL (tr-ALL). The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest databases from January 1, 1990, to July 31, 2023, using the keywords "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" and "second cancer" to identify cohort studies that compared p-ALL and s-ALL in terms of survival outcomes and cytogenetic profile. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for Cohort Studies. A total of 7 studies involving 13,542 participants were analyzed. The results revealed an HR of 2.35 (95%CI:1.38-4.01) for overall survival (OS) and 2.06 (95%CI:1.05-4.06) for relapse-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analysis of tr-ALL patients showed a significantly higher HR of 3.40 (95%CI:2.32-4.99) for OS in this subgroup. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated an OR of 3.45 and 5.90 for mixed lineage rearrangement (MLL) and hypodiploidy, respectively. The study highlights the need for a better understanding of the survival rates and cytogenetic profile of secondary ALL, particularly tr-ALL, and the importance of personalized treatment strategies for this subtype.

Confirming the patient benefit of progression-free survival (PFS) in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) has become increasingly challenging due to the improved outcomes brought by novel therapies. In parallel, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends conducting randomized trials, focusing on evaluating early endpoints to compare study and control arms for accelerated approval (AA). From both the clinical and regulatory perspectives, identifying early surrogate endpoints for PFS is imperative. In principle, the complete response rate (CRR) is a potential early endpoint for granting AA. This study aimed to evaluate whether the CRR is a surrogate early endpoint for PFS in patients with B-cell malignancies. We investigated the results of randomized trials with data on CRR and PFS using a combined approach of PubMed and Clinical Trial.gov (CTG), identifying 52 trials after applying exclusion criteria. A meta-regression plot showed a significant correlation between the CRR and PFS with an R-squared of 0.822 in 13 trials of aggressive B-NHL, 0.941 in the 8 trials of indolent N-NHL and 0.492 in the 31 trials of MM. This meta-analysis suggests that the CRR can be considered an early surrogate endpoint for PFS in B-NHL and MM.

Pediatric high-grade glioma of the spinal cord is an exceptionally rare entity with limited understanding of its natural history and biological behaviors, particularly in comparison to similar tumors in adults or within the intracranial compartment. This updated systematic review comprehensively investigates all cases in the English literature through March 2024 following PRISMA guidelines with an emphasis on histopathologic diagnosis, treatment paradigms, outcome, and molecular characterization where reported. Eighty-three articles met inclusion with 132 spinal tumors diagnosed as "glioblastoma" based on relevant histopathologic criteria. Fourteen studies included molecular genetic testing, with IDH status reported in only two patients and seven patients incurring a histone mutation. While a more recent year of treatment, greater extent of resection, and utilization of adjuvant chemoradiation were associated with increased overall survival (OS) to suggest that modern treatment regimens are improving clinical outcomes, insufficient data exists to determine differences in OS based upon molecular profiling thereby limiting therapeutic progress. The authors further include two new cases to juxtapose molecular tumor profiles with potential differences in outcome. This review ultimately aims to emphasize the importance of reporting and utilizing integrated diagnoses to better understand the natural history and prognosis of high-grade glial tumors in the pediatric spine. Challenges in this field continue to include tumor rarity, an inability to reliably update the molecular profiles of previously obtained tissue, and reliance on literature published prior to the "molecular era" of CNS neoplasms, which likely represents a broader spectrum of high-grade genetic variants.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has garnered significant attention as a potential therapeutic target in oncology due to its unique mechanism involving lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species accumulation. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ferroptosis offers promising strategies to overcome drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of existing therapies. While the literature on ferroptosis in NSCLC has expanded rapidly over the past decade, a comprehensive understanding of its research trends, global collaboration patterns, and emerging hotspots remains lacking.

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-throughput sequencing studies to assess changes in microbiome alpha, beta diversity, and composition differences in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer.

Patients with gastric atrophy (GA) and intestinal metaplasia (GIM) are considered to be at risk for gastric neoplasia (GN: dysplasia or cancer). During the last decades, standards of practice and endoscopic technologies have been developed and proposed. This meta-analysis reassesses GN incidence rates in GA and GIM patients, analyzing its evolution and the impact of standard protocols and scores.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with highest incidence rates in Asia. Endoscopic screening may facilitate early detection and reduces mortality, but its cost-effectiveness in Western populations, where GC is less prevalent, remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening and surveillance for GC in Western countries, considering regional epidemiologic and economic differences.

The management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-derived pancreatic cancer is extrapolated from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN)-derived pancreatic cancer. However, these cancers are biologically and clinically distinct and evidence regarding the role of adjuvant therapy (AT) is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate current evidence regarding survival benefit of AT for IPMN-derived pancreatic cancer.

Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer continues to be a significant global challenge, as resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) often reduces its effectiveness. Entinostat (ENT), a novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has been suggested to overcome the resistance. However, there is still ongoing debate regarding its efficacy and safety.

Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, are believed to play a vital role in the development and progression of tumors. This study aimed to clarify the association between circulating adiponectin and leptin concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma.

Gastric cancer has a risk of early transcoelomic spread. Despite perioperative chemotherapy and surgery, peritoneal recurrence is a frequent contributor to mortality. The addition of neoadjuvant normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) allows early treatment of microscopic disease. Our study aims to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant IPC in patients with gastric cancer who are at high risk of peritoneal recurrence.

Sarcopenia is associated with poor treatment outcomes and survival in early breast cancer and other cancer types. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated sarcopenia's prevalence and clinical implications for metastatic breast cancer-an area that remains underexplored.

Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are aggressive and fatal. Early recognition of symptoms and proper diagnostic work up allow for precise histopathological and molecular classification as well as accurate evaluation of the extent of disease. Surgery is the only potentially curative therapy in localized stages; however, disease recurrence is common and adjuvant chemotherapy appears to improve survival. Upfront systemic chemotherapy with immunotherapy is the treatment of choice in unresectable locally-advanced and metastatic disease. Inroads made in understanding its molecular biology has enabled new therapeutic targets to be identified with current indications and encouraging results that could further improve BTC patients' survival and quality of life.

This systematic review investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving the accuracy and efficiency of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) scans for detecting metastatic prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment with new hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) prior to hepatic resection in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

To evaluate and discuss timing possibilities for surgical treatment in thyroid cancer in pregnant women.

Mutations in Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) have been implicated in several cancers, including gliomas, sarcomas, neuroendocrine tumors, and other mesenchymal malignancies. ATRX loss contributes to oncogenesis, accelerates tumor growth, and reduces survival by disrupting epigenetic and telomere mechanisms. Additionally, ATRX loss can increase tumor sensitivity to treatment therapies. While research has explored ATRX expression in many cancers, data on its relationship to prognosis in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) remain inconsistent. This systematic review aims to summarize all available studies on ATRX mutations and expression in PitNETs. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify publications between 2014 and 2025 that investigated ATRX mutations or expression in PitNETs, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Of 32 identified studies, ten met the inclusion criteria, covering a total of 513 PitNETs. Only 20 tumors (3.9%) showed a loss of ATRX expression. Among these, 60% exhibited corticotrophic pathology, while 20% displayed lactotrophic pathology. A small subset of tumors (30%) was classified as pituitary carcinomas with aggressive and proliferative characteristics. Additionally, 10% demonstrated the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype, 50% had concurrent TP53 mutations, and 25% had elevated Ki-67 indices, indicating a higher proliferative index. Although ATRX mutations are rare in PitNETs, tumors with ATRX loss tend to be more aggressive and exhibit proliferative and transformative properties. Due to the limited number of cases, further studies with larger, prospective cohorts are needed to better understand the role of ATRX loss in PitNET progression and aggressiveness.

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a prevalent form of malignant neoplasm characterized by elevated incidence and fatality rates, limited early detection capabilities, and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Its occurrence and development involve complex biological processes. As a recently identified form of cellular demise, ferroptosis has been observed across multiple cancer types, garnering significant research interest in contemporary studies. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory networks governing ferroptosis in gastric cancer, along with its functional implications in the initiation and advancement of this malignancy, remain unclear. This study seeks to elucidate the functional significance of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of GC, systematically review the dysregulated metabolic pathways associated with this cell death process, and elucidate the intricate interactions among ferroptosis-related signaling cascades. These investigations are expected to establish a novel conceptual framework for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer and identifying potential therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant original research articles and review papers examining the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in gastric carcinoma. The search strategy incorporated the following key terms: "Ferroptosis," "Ferroptosis and gastric cancer," "Ferroptosis and GSH," "Ferroptosis and GPX4," "Ferroptosis and system Xc-," "Iron metabolism," "lipid peroxidation," "FSP1-CoQ10," "DHODH-CoQH2," "GCH1-BH4," "ferroptosis inducer," etc. Emerging evidence from contemporary research indicates that targeted ferroptosis represents a novel and potentially efficacious treatment modality for patients with gastric cancer. Along with the identification of precise molecular targets for therapeutic intervention, the metabolic regulatory networks associated with ferroptosis remains an essential area for future research endeavors.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is an established treatment modality for localized renal masses (LRMs). Nevertheless, its applicability in aging populations presents unique challenges, with limited existing evidence. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of RAPN for LRMs in elderly patients compared to younger individuals.