当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
2341. Intermittent treatment for malaria and anaemia control at time of routine vaccinations in Tanzanian infants: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: D Schellenberg.;C Menendez.;E Kahigwa.;J Aponte.;J Vidal.;M Tanner.;H Mshinda.;P Alonso.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9267期1471-7页
Clinical malaria and severe anaemia are major causes of paediatric hospital admission and death in many malaria-endemic settings. In the absence of an effective and affordable vaccine, control programmes continue to rely on case management while attempting the large-scale deployment of insecticide-treated nets. We did a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of intermittent sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment on the rate of malaria and severe anaemia in infants in a rural area of Tanzania.
2342. Effect of audit and feedback, and reminder messages on primary-care radiology referrals: a randomised trial.
作者: M Eccles.;N Steen.;J Grimshaw.;L Thomas.;P McNamee.;J Soutter.;J Wilsdon.;L Matowe.;G Needham.;F Gilbert.;S Bond.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9266期1406-9页
Radiological tests are often used by general practitioners (GPs). These tests can be overused and contribute little to clinical management. We aimed to assess two methods of reducing GP requests for radiological tests in accordance with the UK Royal College of Radiologists' guidelines on lumbar spine and knee radiographs.
2343. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial.
The beneficial effects of beta-blockers on long-term outcome after acute myocardial infarction were shown before the introduction of thrombolysis and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Generally, the patients recruited to these trials were at low risk: few had heart failure, and none had measurements of left-ventricular function taken. We investigated the long-term efficacy of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction treated according to current evidence-based practice.
2344. Medical versus surgical treatment in children with severe bilateral vesicoureteric reflux and bilateral nephropathy: a randomised trial.
作者: J M Smellie.;T M Barratt.;C Chantler.;I Gordon.;N P Prescod.;P G Ransley.;A S Woolf.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9265期1329-33页
Nephropathy associated with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infection can result in end-stage renal failure, hypertension, or both. Whether long-term VUR contributes to these outcomes is unknown. We compared, in a randomised trial, medical with surgical management of children with bilateral severe VUR and bilateral nephropathy.
2345. Effect of ACE inhibitors on angiographic restenosis after coronary stenting (PARIS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: T Meurice.;C Bauters.;X Hermant.;V Codron.;E VanBelle.;E P Mc Fadden.;J Lablanche.;M E Bertrand.;P Amouyel.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9265期1321-4页
The DD genotype for the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE I) deletion allele (D) polymorphism is a possible genetic risk factor for restenosis after coronary stent implantation. We aimed to establish whether or not blockade of ACE with high doses of ACE inhibitors could reduce this risk of angiographic restenosis.
2347. Risk, causes, and prevention of ischaemic stroke in elderly patients with symptomatic internal-carotid-artery stenosis.
作者: S Alamowitch.;M Eliasziw.;A Algra.;H Meldrum.;H J Barnett.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9263期1154-60页
Carotid endarterectomy benefits patients with symptomatic stenosis of 70-99% in the internal carotid artery, with smaller benefit for 50-69% stenosis. The benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients of 75 years and older remains unclear.
2349. UK collaborative randomised trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: follow-up to age 4 years.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a supportive intensive-care technique used for babies with acute respiratory failure. We examined morbidity at age 4 years in surviving children recruited to the UK Collaborative ECMO Trial, and provide long-term data on ECMO support compared with contemporary conventional care. The neonatal ECMO policy resulted in improved survival and a favourable outcome. We therefore advocate the safety and efficacy of this intervention.
2350. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy and effects on growth and morbidity in low birthweight infants: a randomised placebo controlled trial.
作者: S J Osendarp.;J M van Raaij.;G L Darmstadt.;A H Baqui.;J G Hautvast.;G J Fuchs.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9262期1080-5页
Infant malnutrition and mortality rates are high in less-developed countries especially in low-birthweight infants. Zinc deficiency is also widely prevalent in these circumstances. We aimed to assess the effect of daily zinc supplements given to pregnant mothers on their infants' growth and morbidity.
2351. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: M Kalliomäki.;S Salminen.;H Arvilommi.;P Kero.;P Koskinen.;E Isolauri.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9262期1076-9页
Reversal of the progressive increase in frequency of atopic disease would be an important breakthrough for health care and wellbeing in western societies. In the hygiene hypothesis this increase is attributed to reduced microbial exposure in early life. Probiotics are cultures of potentially beneficial bacteria of the healthy gut microflora. We assessed the effect on atopic disease of Lactobacillus GG (which is safe at an early age and effective in treatment of allergic inflammation and food allergy).
2352. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group.
Preterm birth after spontaneous preterm labour is associated with death, neonatal disease, and long-term disability. Previous small trials of antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour have reported inconclusive results. We did a randomised multicentre trial to resolve this issue.
2353. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group.
Preterm, prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM) is the commonest antecedent of preterm birth, and can lead to death, neonatal disease, and long-term disability. Previous small trials of antibiotics for pPROM suggested some health benefits for the neonate, but the results were inconclusive. We did a randomised multicentre trial to try to resolve this issue.
2354. Effect of topically applied T4 endonuclease V in liposomes on skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum: a randomised study. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Study Group.
In patients with xeroderma pigmentosum the frequency of all forms of skin cancer is higher than in the general population, owing to a genetic defect in DNA repair. The bacterial DNA repair enzyme, T4 endonuclease V, delivered intracellularly, increases the rate of repair of sunlight-induced DNA damage in human cells. We tested the ability of this enzyme in a liposomal delivery vehicle applied topically (T4N5 liposome lotion) to lower the rate of new skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.
2355. Effects of hydroxyethylstarch and gelatin on renal function in severe sepsis: a multicentre randomised study.
作者: F Schortgen.;J C Lacherade.;F Bruneel.;I Cattaneo.;F Hemery.;F Lemaire.;L Brochard.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9260期911-6页
Hydroxyethylstarch used for volume restoration in brain-dead kidney donors has been associated with impaired kidney function in the transplant recipients. We undertook a multicentre randomised study to assess the frequency of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock treated with hydroxyethylstarch or gelatin.
2356. Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study, a randomised study.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9260期905-10页
Atherosclerosis is the most common complication of diabetes. Correction of hyperglycaemia helps to prevent microvascular complications but has little effect on macrovascular disease. Post-hoc analyses of diabetic subpopulations in lipid intervention trials suggest that correction of lipoprotein abnormalities will lead to a decrease in coronary-artery disease. The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS) was specifically designed to assess the effects of correcting lipoprotein abnormalities on coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.
2357. Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure: two cohorts after randomised trials.
Despite data relating body size in early life to later cardiovascular outcomes, the hypothesis that nutrition affects such outcomes has not been established. Breastfeeding has been associated with lower blood pressure in later life, but previous studies have not controlled for possible confounding factors by using a randomised design with prospective follow-up. We undertook such a study to test the hypothesis that early diet programmes blood pressure in later life in children randomly assigned different diets at birth.
2358. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
作者: J B Prins.;G Bleijenberg.;E Bazelmans.;L D Elving.;T M de Boo.;J L Severens.;G J van der Wilt.;P Spinhoven.;J W van der Meer.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9259期841-7页
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) seems a promising treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but the applicability of this treatment outside specialised settings has been questioned. We compared CBT with guided support groups and the natural course in a randomised trial at three centres.
2359. Oral amiodarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery, the Atrial Fibrillation Suppression Trial (AFIST): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: S Giri.;C M White.;A B Dunn.;K Felton.;L Freeman-Bosco.;P Reddy.;J P Tsikouris.;H A Wilcox.;J Kluger.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9259期830-6页
Beta-blockers and amiodarone reduce the frequency of atrial fibrillation after open-heart surgery but the effectiveness of oral amiodarone in older patients already receiving beta-blockers is unknown. We have assessed the efficacy of oral amiodarone in preventing atrial fibrillation in patients aged 60 years or older undergoing open-heart surgery.
2360. Comparison of two standard chemotherapy regimens for good-prognosis germ-cell tumours: a randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Germ Cell Trial Group.
作者: G C Toner.;M R Stockler.;M J Boyer.;M Jones.;D B Thomson.;V J Harvey.;I N Olver.;H Dhillon.;A McMullen.;V J Gebski.;J A Levi.;R J Simes.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9258期739-45页
Most patients with metastatic germ-cell tumours are cured with chemotherapy. However, the optimum chemotherapy regimen is uncertain, and there is variation in international practice. We did a multicentre randomised trial to compare two standard chemotherapy regimens for men with good-prognosis germ-cell tumours.
|