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2321. Safety and antigenicity of non-adjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine: a randomised trial of two potential vaccines against H5N1 influenza.
作者: K G Nicholson.;A E Colegate.;A Podda.;I Stephenson.;J Wood.;E Ypma.;M C Zambon.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9272期1937-43页
In 1997, pathogenic avian influenza A/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) viruses emerged as a pandemic threat to human beings. A non-pathogenic variant, influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3), was identified as a leading vaccine candidate. We did an observer-blind, phase I, randomised trial in healthy volunteers to assess safety, tolerability, and antigenicity of MF59-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted vaccines.
2322. Smoking cessation and the course of major depression: a follow-up study.
Smokers with a history of major depression who attempt to stop smoking have a higher risk of failure than non-depressed smokers. Anecdotal and post-hoc data suggest that those who successfully abstain are at increased risk of depression compared with individuals who continue to smoke. However, these studies confound effects of abstinence and history of depression. We aimed to assess whether there is an increased risk of depression and for how long that increase lasts.
2323. Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers reduce procedure-related thrombotic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention, and the risk of death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The effect on risk of death and myocardial infarction is particularly apparent in patients undergoing early percutaneous coronary interventions. We did a randomised, multicentre trial to study the effect of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker abciximab on patients with acute coronary syndromes who were not undergoing early revascularisation.
2324. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial.
Plasminogen activator therapy for acute myocardial infarction is limited by lack of achievement of early, complete, and sustained reperfusion in a substantial proportion of patients. Many phase II trials have supported the potential of combined fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition for improving reperfusion. We did a randomised, open-label trial to compare the effect of reteplase alone with reteplase plus abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
2326. Effect of breastfeeding on mortality among HIV-1 infected women: a randomised trial.
作者: R Nduati.;B A Richardson.;G John.;D Mbori-Ngacha.;A Mwatha.;J Ndinya-Achola.;J Bwayo.;F E Onyango.;J Kreiss.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9269期1651-5页
We have completed a randomised clinical trial of breastfeeding and formula feeding to identify the frequency of breastmilk transmission of HIV-1 to infants. However, we also analysed data from this trial to examine the effect of breastfeeding on maternal death rates during 2 years after delivery. We report our findings from this secondary analysis.
2327. Threats from patients and their effects on medical decision making: a cross-sectional, randomised trial.
作者: I S Kristiansen.;O H Førde.;O Aasland.;R Hotvedt.;R Johnsen.;R Førde.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9264期1258-61页
Negative experiences are not uncommon among doctors in Norway. Our aim was to find out about the various types of negative reactions (eg, complaints, negative exposure to the media, financial claims, and notification to the police) received by physicians from patients or relatives in response to treatment, to identify their cause, and to study their effects on subsequent clinical decisions.
2328. Efficacy and safety of infliximab monotherapy for plaque-type psoriasis: a randomised trial.
作者: U Chaudhari.;P Romano.;L D Mulcahy.;L T Dooley.;D G Baker.;A B Gottlieb.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9271期1842-7页
Currently available treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis are either incompletely effective in some patients, or are associated with toxic effects. Since tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we did a double-blind, randomised trial to assess the clinical benefit and safety of infliximab-a monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha.
2329. Control of malaria in Pakistan by applying deltamethrin insecticide to cattle: a community-randomised trial.
作者: M Rowland.;N Durrani.;M Kenward.;N Mohammed.;H Urahman.;S Hewitt.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9271期1837-41页
The standard method of malaria control in south Asia, indoor spraying of houses with residual insecticide, is becoming prohibitively expensive to implement and new approaches are needed. Since the region's vector mosquitoes feed predominantly on domestic animals and only secondarily on human beings, to apply insecticide to surfaces of cattle instead might be more costeffective. We aimed to investigate whether domestic livestock treated with deltamethrin (applied by a sponging method) would prove toxic to mosquitoes and therefore aid in malaria control.
2330. Effect of sensory discrimination training on cortical reorganisation and phantom limb pain.
Phantom limb pain is a frequent consequence of the amputation of a body part. Based on the finding that phantom limb pain is closely associated with plastic changes in the primary somatosensory cortex and animal data showing that behaviourally relevant training alters the cortical map, we devised a sensory discrimination training programme for patients with intractable phantom limb pain. Compared with a control group of medically treated patients, the training group had significant reductions in phantom limb pain (p=0.002) and cortical reorganisation (p=0.05) that were positively associated with improved sensory discrimination ability.
2331. A specific aromatase inhibitor and potential increase in adult height in boys with delayed puberty: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: S Wickman.;I Sipilä.;C Ankarberg-Lindgren.;E Norjavaara.;L Dunkel.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9270期1743-8页
The role of oestrogens in the closure of growth plates in both sexes is unequivocal. We postulated that inhibition of oestrogen synthesis in boys with delayed puberty would delay maturation of the growth plates and ultimately result in increased adult height.
2332. Helicobacter pylori and symptomatic relapse of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: W Schwizer.;M Thumshirn.;J Dent.;I Guldenschuh.;D Menne.;G Cathomas.;M Fried.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9270期1738-42页
There is little information on the effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with a primary diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Our aim was to investigate the effect of H pylori eradication in this group of patients.
2333. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9270期1729-37页
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (endovascular treatment) can be used to treat carotid stenosis, but risks and benefits are uncertain. We therefore compared endovascular treatment with conventional carotid surgery.
2336. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study.
作者: G Comi.;M Filippi.;F Barkhof.;L Durelli.;G Edan.;O Fernández.;H Hartung.;P Seeldrayers.;P S Sørensen.;M Rovaris.;V Martinelli.;O R Hommes.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9268期1576-82页
Interferon beta reduces activity in multiple sclerosis as measured clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the effect of interferon beta-1a on the occurrence of relapses in patients after first presentation with neurological events, who are at high risk of conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
2337. Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
作者: D Tashkin.;R Kanner.;W Bailey.;S Buist.;P Anderson.;M Nides.;D Gonzales.;G Dozier.;M K Patel.;B Jamerson.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9268期1571-5页
Tobacco smoking is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in more than 80% of cases. Our aim was to investigate the effect of sustained-release bupropion (amfebutamone) (SR) in promoting abstinence from smoking in patients with COPD.
2338. WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care.
作者: J Villar.;H Ba'aqeel.;G Piaggio.;P Lumbiganon.;J Miguel Belizán.;U Farnot.;Y Al-Mazrou.;G Carroli.;A Pinol.;A Donner.;A Langer.;G Nigenda.;M Mugford.;J Fox-Rushby.;G Hutton.;P Bergsjø.;L Bakketeig.;H Berendes.;J Garcia.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9268期1551-64页
We undertook a multicentre randomised controlled trial that compared the standard model of antenatal care with a new model that emphasises actions known to be effective in improving maternal or neonatal outcomes and has fewer clinic visits.
2339. Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomised trial.
作者: J H Scurr.;S J Machin.;S Bailey-King.;I J Mackie.;S McDonald.;P D Smith.
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9267期1485-9页
The true frequency of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) during long-haul air travel is unknown. We sought to determine the frequency of DVT in the lower limb during long-haul economy-class air travel and the efficacy of graduated elastic compression stockings in its prevention.
2340. Platinum-based and non-platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised multicentre trial.
作者: V Georgoulias.;E Papadakis.;A Alexopoulos.;X Tsiafaki.;A Rapti.;M Veslemes.;P Palamidas.;I Vlachonikolis.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年357卷9267期1478-84页
Docetaxel in combination with cisplatin or gemcitabine are active chemotherapy reigimes against non-small-cell lung cancer. We compared the efficacy and safety of a combination of cisplatin and docetaxel (group 1) with that of gemcitabine and docetaxel (group 2) in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial.
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