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2261. Corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, or a wait-and-see policy for lateral epicondylitis: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Nynke Smidt.;Daniëlle A W M van der Windt.;Willem J J Assendelft.;Walter L J M Devillé.;Ingeborg B C Korthals-de Bos.;Lex M Bouter.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9307期657-62页
Lateral epicondylitis is generally treated with corticosteroid injections or physiotherapy. Dutch clinical guidelines recommend a wait-and-see policy. We compared the efficacy of these approaches.
2262. Efficacy of a Cancer Research UK communication skills training model for oncologists: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Lesley Fallowfield.;Valerie Jenkins.;Vern Farewell.;Jacky Saul.;Anthony Duffy.;Rebecca Eves.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9307期650-6页
Doctors' communication with patients is commonly hampered by lack of training in this core skill. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an intensive 3-day training course on communication skills in a randomised controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design and several outcomes.
2263. Use of localised intracoronary beta radiation in treatment of in-stent restenosis: the INHIBIT randomised controlled trial.
作者: Ron Waksman.;Albert E Raizner.;Alan C Yeung.;Alexandra J Lansky.;Lynn Vandertie.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9306期551-7页
In-stent restenosis is a major limitation of intracoronary stenting. Ionising gamma radiation has been shown to reduce recurrence of restenosis after stent placement. We aimed to compare the effects of intracoronary beta radiation treatment with those of placebo for clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients with diffuse in-stent restenosis.
2264. Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial.
作者: Trevor Duke.;Harry Poka.;Frank Dale.;Audrey Michael.;Joyce Mgone.;Tilda Wal.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9305期474-80页
Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of child mortality in less-developed countries. We aimed to establish whether the combination of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin or chloramphenicol would be better as first-line treatment in children with severe pneumonia in Papua New Guinea.
2265. Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on womens' health 4 months after birth: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
作者: C MacArthur.;H R Winter.;D E Bick.;H Knowles.;R Lilford.;C Henderson.;R J Lancashire.;D A Braunholtz.;H Gee.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9304期378-85页
Much postpartum physical and psychological morbidity is not addressed by present care, which tends to focus on routine examinations. We undertook a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess community postnatal care that has been redesigned to identify and manage individual needs.
2266. Ambulatory blood pressure after therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised parallel trial.
作者: Justin C T Pepperell.;Sharon Ramdassingh-Dow.;Nicky Crosthwaite.;Rebecca Mullins.;Crispin Jenkinson.;John R Stradling.;Robert J O Davies.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9302期204-10页
Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with raised blood pressure. If blood pressure can be reduced by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), such treatment could reduce risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Our aim was to see whether nCPAP for sleep apnoea reduces blood pressure compared with the most robust control intervention subtherapeutic nCPAP.
2267. Physiotherapy for patients with mobility problems more than 1 year after stroke: a randomised controlled trial.
Community physiotherapy is often prescribed for stroke patients with long-term mobility problems. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of this treatment in patients who had mobility problems 1 year after stroke.
2268. Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial.
Smokers are at higher risk of cardiopulmonary and wound-related postoperative complications than non-smokers. Our aim was to investigate the effect of preoperative smoking intervention on the frequency of postoperative complications in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement.
2269. Intravenous immunoglobulin or high-dose methylprednisolone, with or without oral prednisone, for adults with untreated severe autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: a randomised, multicentre trial.
作者: Bertrand Godeau.;Sylvie Chevret.;Bruno Varet.;François Lefrère.;Jean Marc Zini.;François Bassompierre.;Stéphane Chèze.;Eric Legouffe.;Cyrille Hulin.;Marie José Grange.;Olivier Fain.;Philippe Bierling.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9300期23-9页
Treatment of adults with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is based more on individual experience than on results of controlled studies. We compared intravenous immunoglobulin with high-dose methylprednisolone in untreated adults with severe AITP and assessed efficacy of subsequent oral steroids compared with placebo. Primary outcome was number of days with platelet count greater than 50 x 10(9)/L within the first 21 days.
2270. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial.
作者: Francis K L Chan.;K F To.;Justin C Y Wu.;M Y Yung.;W K Leung.;Timothy Kwok.;Y Hui.;Henry L Y Chan.;Cynthia S Y Chan.;Elsie Hui.;Jean Woo.;Joseph J Y Sung.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9300期9-13页
Whether Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of ulcers in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is controversial. We hypothesised that eradication of H pylori infection would reduce the risk of ulcers for patients starting long-term NSAID treatment.
2271. Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: S Nouira.;S Marghli.;M Belghith.;L Besbes.;S Elatrous.;F Abroug.
来源: Lancet. 2001年358卷9298期2020-5页
The role of antibiotics in treatment of patients with moderate exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is uncertain, but such treatment might be useful in very severe episodes. Our objective was to assess the effects of ofloxacin in patients with exacerbations of COPD who required mechanical ventilation.
2272. Efficacy of RTS,S/AS02 malaria vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia: a randomised trial.
作者: K A Bojang.;P J Milligan.;M Pinder.;L Vigneron.;A Alloueche.;K E Kester.;W R Ballou.;D J Conway.;W H Reece.;P Gothard.;L Yamuah.;M Delchambre.;G Voss.;B M Greenwood.;A Hill.;K P McAdam.;N Tornieporth.;J D Cohen.;T Doherty.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年358卷9297期1927-34页
RTS,S/AS02 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum fused to HBsAg, incorporating a new adjuvant (AS02). We did a randomised trial of the efficacy of RTS,S/AS02 against natural P. falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia.
2273. Thrombin-specific anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin in patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the HERO-2 randomised trial.
The combination of fibrinolytic therapy and heparin for acute myocardial infarction fails to achieve reperfusion in 40-70% of patients, and early reocclusion occurs in a substantial number. We did a randomised, open-label trial to compare the thrombin-specific anticoagulant, bivalirudin, with heparin in patients undergoing fibrinolysis with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction.
2274. Beta-cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes and immunomodulation with a heat-shock protein peptide (DiaPep277): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial.
Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The 60 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp60) is one of the known target self antigens. An immunomodulatory peptide from hsp60, p277, arrested beta-cell destruction and maintained insulin production in newly diabetic NOD mice. We did a randomised, double-blind, phase II study of peptide treatment in patients with newly diagnosed (<6 months) type 1 diabetes.
2278. Can differences in management processes explain different outcomes between stroke unit and stroke-team care?
作者: A Evans.;I Perez.;F Harraf.;A Melbourn.;J Steadman.;N Donaldson.;L Kalra.
来源: Lancet. 2001年358卷9293期1586-92页
Stroke units reduce mortality and dependence, but the reasons are unclear. We have compared differences in management and complications of patients with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit or to a general ward as part of a previously reported randomised trial.
2279. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic cancer: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: J P Neoptolemos.;J A Dunn.;D D Stocken.;J Almond.;K Link.;H Beger.;C Bassi.;M Falconi.;P Pederzoli.;C Dervenis.;L Fernandez-Cruz.;F Lacaine.;A Pap.;D Spooner.;D J Kerr.;H Friess.;M W Büchler.; .
来源: Lancet. 2001年358卷9293期1576-85页
The role of adjuvant treatment in pancreatic cancer remains uncertain. The European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC) assessed the roles of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy in a randomised study.
2280. Postoperative enteral versus parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a randomised multicentre trial.
Although current opinion favours the use of enteral over parenteral nutrition, the clinical benefits of early postoperative nutrition in patients undergoing elective surgery have never been clearly shown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that postoperative enteral nutrition is better (fewer postoperative complications) than parenteral nutrition containing similar energy and nitrogen amounts (112 kJ kg(-1) day(-1) and 1.4 g aminoacid kg(-1) day(-1)).
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