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2241. BCG-induced increase in interferon-gamma response to mycobacterial antigens and efficacy of BCG vaccination in Malawi and the UK: two randomised controlled studies.
作者: Gillian F Black.;Rosemary E Weir.;Sian Floyd.;Lyn Bliss.;David K Warndorff.;Amelia C Crampin.;Bagrey Ngwira.;Lifted Sichali.;Bernadette Nazareth.;Jenefer M Blackwell.;Keith Branson.;Steven D Chaguluka.;Linda Donovan.;Elizabeth Jarman.;Elizabeth King.;Paul E M Fine.;Hazel M Dockrell.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9315期1393-401页
The efficacy of BCG vaccines against pulmonary tuberculosis varies between populations, showing no protection in Malawi but 50-80% protection in the UK. To investigate the mechanism underlying these differences, randomised controlled studies were set up to measure vaccine-induced immune responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens in both populations.
2242. Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial.
作者: Harm van Tinteren.;Otto S Hoekstra.;Egbert F Smit.;Jan H A M van den Bergh.;Ad J M Schreurs.;Roland A L M Stallaert.;Piet C M van Velthoven.;Emile F I Comans.;Fred W Diepenhorst.;Paul Verboom.;Johan C van Mourik.;Pieter E Postmus.;Maarten Boers.;Gerrit J J Teule.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9315期1388-93页
Up to 50% of curative surgery for suspected non-small-cell lung cancer is unsuccessful. Accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) is thought to be better than conventional staging for diagnosis of this malignancy. Up to now however, there has been no evidence that PET leads to improved management of patients in routine clinical practice. We did a randomised controlled trial in patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer, who were scheduled for surgery after conventional workup, to test whether PET with 18FDG reduces number of futile thoracotomies.
2243. Long-term effectiveness and safety of pravastatin in 9014 patients with coronary heart disease and average cholesterol concentrations: the LIPID trial follow-up.
The Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) study showed that pravastatin therapy over 6 years reduced mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with previous acute coronary syndromes and average cholesterol concentrations. We assessed the longer-term effects of initial treatment with pravastatin on further cardiovascular events and mortality over a total follow-up period of 8 years.
2244. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial.
作者: M Adjuik.;P Agnamey.;A Babiker.;S Borrmann.;P Brasseur.;M Cisse.;F Cobelens.;S Diallo.;J F Faucher.;P Garner.;S Gikunda.;P G Kremsner.;S Krishna.;B Lell.;M Loolpapit.;P B Matsiegui.;M A Missinou.;J Mwanza.;F Ntoumi.;P Olliaro.;P Osimbo.;P Rezbach.;E Some.;W R J Taylor.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9315期1365-72页
Increasing drug resistance limits the choice of efficacious chemotherapy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. Amodiaquine still retains efficacy against P falciparum in many African countries. We assessed the safety, treatment efficacy, and effect on gametocyte carriage of adding artesunate to amodiaquine in three randomised trials in Kenya, Sénégal, and Gabon.
2245. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles-specific antibody levels in Guinea-Bissau.
作者: Christine Stabell Benn.;Aliu Balde.;Elisha George.;Michael Kidd.;Hilton Whittle.;Ida Marie Lisse.;Peter Aaby.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9314期1313-4页
We have previously reported that vitamin A supplementation with measles vaccine at age 9 months increases measles-specific antibody concentrations in children at age 18 months compared with placebo. We examined these children when they reached age 6-8 years. Fewer vitamin A-supplemented children had non-protective antibody concentrations (p=0.0095); among children with protective antibody levels, vitamin A-supplemented children tended to have higher geometric mean antibody titres (p=0.09). Thus, simultaneous administration of vitamin A and measles vaccine at age 9 months had a long-term effect on measles-specific antibody levels and may contribute to improved measles control in less-developed countries.
2246. Single flexible sigmoidoscopy screening to prevent colorectal cancer: baseline findings of a UK multicentre randomised trial.
作者: W S Atkin.;C F Cook.;J Cuzick.;R Edwards.;J M A Northover.;J Wardle.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9314期1291-300页
This randomised controlled trial is examining the hypothesis that a single flexible sigmoidoscopy screening offered at around age 60 years can lower the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. We report here on acceptability, safety, feasibility, and yield.
2247. Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: a randomised trial.
作者: Timo Erkinjuntti.;Alexander Kurz.;Serge Gauthier.;Roger Bullock.;Sean Lilienfeld.;ChandrasekharRao Venkata Damaraju.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9314期1283-90页
Vascular dementia is the second commonest form of dementia, and vascular factors contribute to the development of dementia in many patients with Alzheimer's disease. Galantamine amplifies the acetylcholine response by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and modulating nicotinic receptors. It has shown broad, sustained benefits in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the effects of galantamine in patients with a diagnosis of probable vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease.
2248. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial.
作者: John R A Rigg.;Konrad Jamrozik.;Paul S Myles.;Brendan S Silbert.;Phillip J Peyton.;Richard W Parsons.;Karen S Collins.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9314期1276-82页
Epidural block is widely used to manage major abdominal surgery and postoperative analgesia, but its risks and benefits are uncertain. We compared adverse outcomes in high-risk patients managed for major surgery with epidural block or alternative analgesic regimens with general anaesthesia in a multicentre randomised trial.
2249. Effect of nicorandil on coronary events in patients with stable angina: the Impact Of Nicorandil in Angina (IONA) randomised trial.
In addition to its anti-ischaemic effects, the antianginal drug nicorandil is thought to have cardioprotective properties. We did a randomised trial to find out whether nicorandil could reduce the frequency of coronary events in men and women with stable angina and additional risk factors.
2250. Early and midterm outcome after off-pump and on-pump surgery in Beating Heart Against Cardioplegic Arrest Studies (BHACAS 1 and 2): a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.
作者: Gianni D Angelini.;Fiona C Taylor.;Barnaby C Reeves.;Raimondo Ascione.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9313期1194-9页
Although no randomised controlled trial has assessed the midterm effects of coronary-artery bypass surgery on the beating heart, this technique is being used in more and more patients. We did two randomised trials to compare the short-term morbidity associated with off-pump and on-pump myocardial revascularisation. Our aim was to pool the results to assess midterm outcomes.
2251. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial.
作者: J Braun.;J Brandt.;J Listing.;A Zink.;R Alten.;W Golder.;E Gromnica-Ihle.;H Kellner.;A Krause.;M Schneider.;H Sörensen.;H Zeidler.;W Thriene.;J Sieper.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9313期1187-93页
BACKGROUND Treatment options for patients with ankylosing spondylitis are few. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of infliximab, an antibody to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in treatment of such patients.
2252. Efficacy of three short-course regimens of zidovudine and lamivudine in preventing early and late transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child in Tanzania, South Africa, and Uganda (Petra study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Large reductions in transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child have been achieved in more-developed countries due to the use of antiretrovirals. Short-course regimens, suitable for resource-poor countries, have also been shown to significantly reduce peripartum HIV-1 transmission. We assessed the efficacy of short-course regimens with zidovudine and lamivudine in a predominantly breastfeeding population.
2253. Tamoxifen for breast cancer among hysterectomised women.
作者: U Veronesi.;P Maisonneuve.;V Sacchini.;N Rotmensz.;P Boyle.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9312期1122-4页
Tamoxifen is a candidate drug for prevention of breast cancer, although findings from trials have not been consistent. In our extended follow-up (median 81.2 months, IQR 66.0-87.2) of the Italian Tamoxifen Trial, this drug did not significantly protect against breast cancer in women at usual or slightly reduced risk of the disease (p=0.215). Use of hormone replacement therapy increased risk of breast cancer, and users of such treatment who were randomly allocated to tamoxifen had a rate of breast cancer that was close to that of never-users. So far, no woman has died from breast cancer in this study. Decisions about introduction of tamoxifen to reduce risk of breast cancer remain important and open questions.
2254. Effect of vitamins C and E on progression of transplant-associated arteriosclerosis: a randomised trial.
作者: James C Fang.;Scott Kinlay.;John Beltrame.;Hiroyuki Hikiti.;Marco Wainstein.;Dominik Behrendt.;Jung Suh.;Balz Frei.;Gilbert H Mudge.;Andrew P Selwyn.;Peter Ganz.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9312期1108-13页
Cardiac transplantation is associated with oxidant stress, which may contribute to the development of accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis. We postulated that treatment with antioxidant vitamins C and E would retard the progression of transplant-associated arteriosclerosis.
2255. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol.
作者: Lars H Lindholm.;Hans Ibsen.;Björn Dahlöf.;Richard B Devereux.;Gareth Beevers.;Ulf de Faire.;Frej Fyhrquist.;Stevo Julius.;Sverre E Kjeldsen.;Krister Kristiansson.;Ole Lederballe-Pedersen.;Markku S Nieminen.;Per Omvik.;Suzanne Oparil.;Hans Wedel.;Peter Aurup.;Jonathan Edelman.;Steven Snapinn.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9311期1004-10页
The most suitable antihypertensive drug to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes is unclear. In prespecified analyses, we compared the effects of losartan and atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.
2256. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol.
作者: Björn Dahlöf.;Richard B Devereux.;Sverre E Kjeldsen.;Stevo Julius.;Gareth Beevers.;Ulf de Faire.;Frej Fyhrquist.;Hans Ibsen.;Krister Kristiansson.;Ole Lederballe-Pedersen.;Lars H Lindholm.;Markku S Nieminen.;Per Omvik.;Suzanne Oparil.;Hans Wedel.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9311期995-1003页
Blood pressure reduction achieved with beta-blockers and diuretics is the best recorded intervention to date for prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and death in patients with hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong independent indicator of risk of cardiovascular morbidity and death. We aimed to establish whether selective blocking of angiotensin II improves LVH beyond reducing blood pressure and, consequently, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and death.
2257. Myocardial salvage after coronary stenting plus abciximab versus fibrinolysis plus abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised trial.
作者: Adnan Kastrati.;Julinda Mehilli.;Josef Dirschinger.;Ullrich Schricke.;Jodi Neverve.;Jürgen Pache.;Stefan Martinoff.;Franz Josef Neumann.;Stephan Nekolla.;Rudolf Blasini.;Melchior Seyfarth.;Markus Schwaiger.;Albert Schömig.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9310期920-5页
Patients with acute myocardial infarction might benefit from the addition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors to fibrinolytic or mechanical reperfusion strategies. We compared two strategies, stenting and fibrinolysis, both combined with abciximab, in terms of their ability to salvage myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
2258. Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus compared with ciclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation: a randomised multicentre study.
In previous comparative studies tacrolimus was superior to the standard formulation of ciclosporin in preventing acute rejection after renal transplantation. We have compared the microemulsion formulation of ciclosporin with tacrolimus in a multicentre randomised trial.
2259. Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with and without nelfinavir in children with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated: the PENTA 5 randomised trial.
Treatment options for children with HIV-1 are limited. We aimed to compare activity and safety of three dual-nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens with or without a protease inhibitor in previously untreated children with HIV-1.
2260. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition therapy in altitude polycythaemia: a prospective randomised trial.
作者: Raul Plata.;Arturo Cornejo.;Carla Arratia.;Agustina Anabaya.;Annalisa Perna.;Borislav D Dimitrov.;Giuseppe Remuzzi.;Piero Ruggenenti.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9307期663-6页
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in polycythaemia that follows renal transplantation, which, like altitude polycythaemia, is an erythropoietin-dependent form of polycythaemia. We aimed to establish the effect of ACE-inhibitor treatment in people with altitude polycythaemia.
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