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2221. Management of suspected acute viral upper respiratory tract infection in children with intranasal sodium cromoglicate: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Chris C Butler.;Mike Robling.;Hayley Prout.;Kerenza Hood.;Paul Kinnersley.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9324期2153-8页
Upper respiratory tract infection in children is one of the most frequent reasons for visiting a family doctor, and antibiotics are often prescribed inappropriately. Sodium cromoglicate inhibits the ICAM-1 molecule, which is the receptor for human rhinoviruses. We aimed to investigate whether intranasal cromoglicate shortens duration of infection of the upper respiratory tract.
2222. Safety and efficacy of transfusions of autologous cryopreserved platelets derived from recombinant human thrombopoietin to support chemotherapy-associated severe thrombocytopenia: a randomised cross-over study.
作者: Saroj Vadhan-Raj.;John J Kavanagh.;Ralph S Freedman.;Jody Folloder.;Laura M Currie.;Carlos Bueso-Ramos.;Claire F Verschraegen.;Aida B Narvios.;Jerome Connor.;William K Hoots.;Lyle D Broemeling.;Benjamin Lichtiger.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9324期2145-52页
The increasing demand for platelet products, and concern over the transfusion-associated risks of alloimmunisation and infections, have motivated a search for improved methods aimed at keeping exposure to donor antigens to a minimum. Transfusion of thrombopoietin-derived autologous platelets might provide an alternative strategy. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of this strategy with that of transfusion with fresh allogeneic platelets in patients with severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
2223. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial.
作者: M Baum.;A U Budzar.;J Cuzick.;J Forbes.;J H Houghton.;J G M Klijn.;T Sahmoud.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9324期2131-9页
In the adjuvant setting, tamoxifen is the established treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer. However, it is associated with several side-effects including endometrial cancer and thromboembolic disorders. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy outcomes of tamoxifen with those of anastrozole alone and the combination of anastrozole plus tamoxifen for 5 years.
2224. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial.
作者: Jean-Louis Chiasson.;Robert G Josse.;Ramon Gomis.;Markolf Hanefeld.;Avraham Karasik.;Markku Laakso.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9323期2072-7页
The worldwide increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming a major health concern. We aimed to assess the effect of acarbose in preventing or delaying conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes.
2225. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin's disease: a randomised trial.
作者: Norbert Schmitz.;Beate Pfistner.;Michael Sextro.;Markus Sieber.;Angelo M Carella.;Matthias Haenel.;Friederike Boissevain.;Reinhart Zschaber.;Peter Müller.;Hartmut Kirchner.;Andreas Lohri.;Susanne Decker.;Bettina Koch.;Dirk Hasenclever.;Anthony H Goldstone.;Volker Diehl.; .; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9323期2065-71页
High-dose chemotherapy followed by transplantation of autologous haemopoietic stem cells (BEAM-HSCT) is frequently used to treat patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease. We aimed to compare this treatment with conventional aggressive chemotherapy without stem-cell transplantation (Dexa-BEAM).
2226. Therapeutic angiogenesis with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 for intermittent claudication (the TRAFFIC study): a randomised trial.
作者: Robert J Lederman.;Farrell O Mendelsohn.;R David Anderson.;Jorge F Saucedo.;Alan N Tenaglia.;James B Hermiller.;William B Hillegass.;Krishna Rocha-Singh.;Thomas E Moon.;M J Whitehouse.;Brian H Annex.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9323期2053-8页
Recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) improves perfusion in models of myocardial and hindlimb ischaemia. We investigated whether one or two doses of intra-arterial rFGF-2 improves exercise capacity in patients with moderate-to-severe intermittent claudication.
2227. Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and blood pressure: a randomised controlled trial.
High dietary intakes of fruit and vegetables are associated with reduced risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Short-term intensive dietary interventions in selected populations increase fruit and vegetable intake, raise plasma antioxidant concentrations, and lower blood pressure, but long-term effects of interventions in the general population are not certain. We assessed the effect of an intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, daily fruit and vegetable intake, and blood pressure.
2228. Joint teleconsultations (virtual outreach) versus standard outpatient appointments for patients referred by their general practitioner for a specialist opinion: a randomised trial.
作者: P Wallace.;A Haines.;R Harrison.;J Barber.;S Thompson.;P Jacklin.;J Roberts.;L Lewis.;P Wainwright.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9322期1961-8页
The current model of general practitioner referral of patients to hospital specialists in the UK is sometimes associated with unnecessary duplication of investigations and treatments. We aimed to compare joint teleconsultations between general practitioners, specialists, and patients (virtual outreach) with standard outpatient referral.
2229. Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Douglas Altman.;Guillermo Carroli.;Lelia Duley.;Barbara Farrell.;Jack Moodley.;James Neilson.;David Smith.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9321期1877-90页
Anticonvulsants are used for pre-eclampsia in the belief they prevent eclamptic convulsions, and so improve outcome. Evidence supported magnesium sulphate as the drug to evaluate.
2230. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Josep M Llovet.;Maria Isabel Real.;Xavier Montaña.;Ramon Planas.;Susana Coll.;John Aponte.;Carmen Ayuso.;Margarita Sala.;Jordi Muchart.;Ricard Solà.;Joan Rodés.;Jordi Bruix.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9319期1734-9页
There is no standard treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Arterial embolisation is widely used, but evidence of survival benefits is lacking.
2231. Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial.
The outlook for patients with oesophageal cancer undergoing surgical resection with curative intent is poor. We aimed to assess the effects of preoperative chemotherapy on survival, dysphagia, and performance status in this group of patients.
2232. Postoperative fondaparinux versus postoperative enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip-replacement surgery: a randomised double-blind trial.
作者: Alexander G G Turpie.;Kenneth A Bauer.;Bengt I Eriksson.;Michael R Lassen.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9319期1721-6页
Elective hip-replacement surgery carries significant risk of venous thromboembolism, despite use of thromboprophylaxis. We aimed to see whether the pentasaccharide fondaparinux, the first drug of a new class of synthetic antithrombotic agents, could reduce this risk to a greater extent than other available treatments.
2233. Postoperative fondaparinux versus preoperative enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective hip-replacement surgery: a randomised double-blind comparison.
作者: Michael Rud Lassen.;Kenneth A Bauer.;Bengt I Eriksson.;Alexander G G Turpie.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9319期1715-20页
Despite use of thromboprophylaxis, elective hip-replacement surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolic complications. We aimed to assess the ability of the pentasaccharide fondaparinux, the first of a new class of synthetic antithrombotic agents, to further reduce this risk.
2234. Comparison of survival, palliation, and quality of life with three chemotherapy regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial.
作者: T S Maughan.;R D James.;D J Kerr.;J A Ledermann.;C McArdle.;M T Seymour.;D Cohen.;P Hopwood.;C Johnston.;R J Stephens.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9317期1555-63页
This randomised trial compared three chemotherapy regimens in the first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, in terms of their effect on overall and progression-free survival; other endpoints included toxicity, symptom palliation, and quality of life.
2235. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn's disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial.
作者: Stephen B Hanauer.;Brian G Feagan.;Gary R Lichtenstein.;Lloyd F Mayer.;S Schreiber.;Jean Frederic Colombel.;Daniel Rachmilewitz.;Douglas C Wolf.;Allan Olson.;Weihang Bao.;Paul Rutgeerts.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9317期1541-9页
We did a randomised controlled trial to assess the benefit of maintenance infliximab therapy in patients with active Crohn's disease who respond to a single infusion of infliximab.
2236. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Dileep N Lobo.;Kate A Bostock.;Keith R Neal.;Alan C Perkins.;Brian J Rowlands.;Simon P Allison.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9320期1812-8页
Low concentrations of albumin in serum and long gastric emptying times have been returned to normal in dogs by salt and water restriction, or a high protein intake. We aimed to determine the effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection in human beings.
2237. Azithromycin for acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
作者: Arthur T Evans.;Shahid Husain.;Lakshmi Durairaj.;Laura S Sadowski.;Marjorie Charles-Damte.;Yue Wang.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9318期1648-54页
The value of azithromycin for treatment of acute bronchitis is unknown, even though this drug is commonly prescribed. We have investigated this question in a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
2238. Pulmonary hypertension after ibuprofen prophylaxis in very preterm infants.
We report three cases of severe hypoxaemia after ibuprofen administration during a randomised controlled trial of prophylactic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in premature infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestation. Echocardiography showed severely decreased pulmonary blood flow. Hypoxaemia resolved quickly on inhaled nitric oxide therapy. We suggest that investigators involved in similar trials pay close attention to pulmonary pressure if hypoxaemia occurs after prophylactic administration of ibuprofen.
2239. Reduced hearing, ownership, and use of hearing aids in elderly people in the UK--the MRC Trial of the Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community: a cross-sectional survey.
作者: Liam Smeeth.;Astrid E Fletcher.;Edmond Siu-Woon Ng.;Sue Stirling.;Maria Nunes.;Elizabeth Breeze.;Christopher J Bulpitt.;Dee Jones.;Alistair Tulloch.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9316期1466-70页
Reduced hearing in elderly people is important because it is disabling and potentially treatable. We aimed to assess the prevalence of reduced hearing in elderly people and levels of ownership of hearing aids and use.
2240. Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN).
作者: Luca Durelli.;Elisabetta Verdun.;Pierangelo Barbero.;Mauro Bergui.;Elisabetta Versino.;Angelo Ghezzi.;Enrico Montanari.;Mauro Zaffaroni.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9316期1453-60页
The three interferon beta preparations approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) differ in dose and frequency of administration. Interferon beta-1a 30 microg is administered once a week, interferon beta-1a 22 microg or 44 microg is given three times a week, and interferon beta-1b 250 microg is administered on alternate days. No clinical study directly comparing the different regimens has been published. The INCOMIN study was designed to compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) benefits of on-alternate-day interferon beta-1b 250 microg with once-weekly interferon beta-1a 30 microg.
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