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2181. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial.
作者: Andrew Molyneux.;Richard Kerr.;Irene Stratton.;Peter Sandercock.;Mike Clarke.;Julia Shrimpton.;Rury Holman.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9342期1267-74页
Endovascular detachable coil treatment is being increasingly used as an alternative to craniotomy and clipping for some ruptured intracranial aneurysms, although the relative benefits of these two approaches have yet to be established. We undertook a randomised, multicentre trial to compare the safety and efficacy of endovascular coiling with standard neurosurgical clipping for such aneurysms judged to be suitable for both treatments.
2182. Early administration of intravenous magnesium to high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial: a randomised controlled trial.
The benefits of supplemental administration of intravenous magnesium in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are controversial. Despite promising results from work in animals and the ready availability of this simple, inexpensive treatment, conflicting results have been reported in clinical trials. Our aim was to compare short-term mortality in patients with STEMI who received either intravenous magnesium sulphate or placebo.
2184. Chlorproguanil-dapsone versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for sequential episodes of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kenya and Malawi: a randomised clinical trial.
作者: J Sulo.;P Chimpeni.;J Hatcher.;J G Kublin.;C V Plowe.;M E Molyneux.;K Marsh.;T E Taylor.;W M Watkins.;P A Winstanley.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9340期1136-43页
Chlorproguanil-dapsone exerts lower resistance pressure on Plasmodium falciparum than does sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, but is rapidly eliminated. We aimed to find out whether chlorproguanil-dapsone results in a higher retreatment rate for malaria than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.
2185. Tacrolimus versus microemulsified ciclosporin in liver transplantation: the TMC randomised controlled trial.
作者: J G O'Grady.;A Burroughs.;P Hardy.;D Elbourne.;A Truesdale.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9340期1119-25页
Calcineurin inhibitors are the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs in liver transplantation, but the optimum initial immunosuppression regimen is not known. The aim of our study was to compare tacrolimus with microemulsified ciclosporin, in a regimen with standardised concomitant immunosuppressive therapy.
2186. Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL172) immunotherapy as an adjunct to standard antituberculosis treatment in HIV-infected adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Alwyn Mwinga.;Andrew Nunn.;Bagrey Ngwira.;Chifumbe Chintu.;David Warndorff.;Paul Fine.;Janet Darbyshire.;Alimuddin Zumla.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9339期1050-5页
Mortality rates of HIV-infected patients treated for tuberculosis remain high. This study aimed to assess the effect on mortality of immunotherapy with single-dose SRL172 added to standard antituberculosis chemotherapy in such patients.
2187. Long term azithromycin in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin has anti-inflammatory properties potentially beneficial in cystic fibrosis. Since findings of open pilot studies seemed to show clinical benefit, we undertook a formal trial.
2188. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Lut Van Damme.;Gita Ramjee.;Michel Alary.;Bea Vuylsteke.;Verapol Chandeying.;Helen Rees.;Pachara Sirivongrangson.;Léonard Mukenge-Tshibaka.;Virginie Ettiègne-Traoré.;Charn Uaheowitchai.;Salim S Abdool Karim.;Benoît Mâsse.;Jos Perriëns.;Marie Laga.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9338期971-7页
Nonoxynol-9 (rINN, nonoxinol-9) is an over-the-counter spermicide that has in-vitro anti-HIV-1 activity. Results of studies of its effectiveness in prevention of HIV-1 infection in women have been inconclusive. We aimed to assess effectiveness of this vaginal gel.
2189. Coronary artery bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (the Stent or Surgery trial): a randomised controlled trial.
Results of trials, comparing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), indicate that rates of death or myocardial infarction are similar with either treatment strategy. Management with PTCA is, however, associated with an increased requirement for subsequent, additional revascularisation. Coronary stents, used as an adjunct to PTCA, reduce restenosis and the need for repeat revascularisation. The aim of the Stent or Surgery (SoS) trial was to assess the effect of stent-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus CABG in the management of patients with multivessel disease.
2190. Intermittent administration of iron and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to control anaemia in Kenyan children: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Hans Verhoef.;Clive E West.;Silas M Nzyuko.;Stefan de Vogel.;Rikkert van der Valk.;Mike A Wanga.;Anneleen Kuijsten.;Jacobien Veenemans.;Frans J Kok.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9337期908-14页
Iron supplementation is recommended for children at high risk of anaemia, but its benefits may not outweigh the associated risk of malaria in areas of seasonal transmission. We investigated the effect on haemoglobin concentrations of intermittent administration of iron supplements and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in symptom-free children under intense health surveillance.
2191. Sildenafil for treatment of lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani.;Ralph Wiedemann.;Frank Rose.;Ralph T Schermuly.;Horst Olschewski.;Norbert Weissmann.;Andreas Gunther.;Dieter Walmrath.;Werner Seeger.;Friedrich Grimminger.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9337期895-900页
Lung fibrosis can be complicated by pulmonary hypertension, limiting exercise tolerance and life expectancy. Furthermore, vasodilators might cause deterioration in gas exchange. Our aim was to compare acute effects of sildenafil, nitric oxide, and epoprostenol in individuals with pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis.
2192. Clinical efficacy of 3 days versus 5 days of oral amoxicillin for treatment of childhood pneumonia: a multicentre double-blind trial.
For most infections, especially acute respiratory infections (ARIs), the recommended duration of therapy is not based on strong scientific or clinical criteria. Shorter courses of antibiotics for non-severe pneumonia would result in lower costs, enhance patient compliance, and might help to contain antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of 3-day and 5-day courses of amoxicillin in children with non-severe pneumonia.
2193. Primary angioplasty versus prehospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a randomised study.
作者: Eric Bonnefoy.;Frédéric Lapostolle.;Alain Leizorovicz.;Gabriel Steg.;Eugène P McFadden.;Pierre Yves Dubien.;Simon Cattan.;Eric Boullenger.;Jacques Machecourt.;Jean-Micel Lacroute.;Jean Cassagnes.;François Dissait.;Paul Touboul.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9336期825-9页
Although both prehospital fibrinolysis and primary angioplasty provide a clinical benefit over in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction, they have not been directly compared. Our aim was to find out whether primary angioplasty was better than prehospital fibrinolysis.
2194. First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): a randomised prevention trial.
作者: J Cuzick.;J Forbes.;R Edwards.;M Baum.;S Cawthorn.;A Coates.;A Hamed.;A Howell.;T Powles.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9336期817-24页
Three clinical trials on the use of tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer have reported mixed results. The overall evidence supports a reduction in the risk of breast cancer, but whether this benefit outweighs the risks and side-effects associated with tamoxifen is unclear.
2195. Edrecolomab alone or in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: a randomised study.
作者: Cornelis J A Punt.;Attila Nagy.;Jean-Yves Douillard.;Arie Figer.;Torben Skovsgaard.;John Monson.;Carlo Barone.;George Fountzilas.;Hanno Riess.;Eugene Moylan.;Delyth Jones.;Juergen Dethling.;Jessica Colman.;Lorna Coward.;Stuart MacGregor.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9334期671-7页
Edrecolomab is a murine monoclonal antibody to the cell-surface glycoprotein 17-1A, which is expressed on epithelial tissues and on various carcinomas. Preliminary data suggested that it might be of use in the adjuvant treatment of patients with resected stage III colon cancer. We did a randomised trial in 27 countries to determine the effect of adding edrecolomab to the combination of fluorouracil and folinic acid in these patients.
2196. Wait-and-see policy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile-duct stones: a randomised trial.
作者: Djemila Boerma.;Erik A J Rauws.;Yolande C A Keulemans.;Ignace M C Janssen.;Clemens J M Bolwerk.;Ron Timmer.;Egge J Boerma.;Huug Obertop.;Kees Huibregtse.;Dirk J Gouma.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9335期761-5页
Patients who undergo endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile-duct stones, who have residual gallbladder stones, are referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, only 10% of patients who do not have this operation are reported to develop recurrent biliary symptoms. We aimed to assess whether a wait-and-see policy is justified.
2197. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan.
ACE inhibitors attenuate the detrimental effects of angiotensin II, and improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and evidence of heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction. Selective antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor represents an alternative approach to inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. We did a multicentre, randomised trial to test the hypothesis that the angiotensin II antagonist losartan would be superior or non-inferior to the ACE inhibitor captopril in decreasing all-cause mortality in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction.
2198. Interventional versus conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the British Heart Foundation RITA 3 randomised trial. Randomized Intervention Trial of unstable Angina.
作者: K A A Fox.;P A Poole-Wilson.;R A Henderson.;T C Clayton.;D A Chamberlain.;T R D Shaw.;D J Wheatley.;S J Pocock.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9335期743-51页
Current guidelines suggest that, for patients at moderate risk of death from unstable coronary-artery disease, either an interventional strategy (angiography followed by revascularisation) or a conservative strategy (ischaemia-driven or symptom-driven angiography) is appropriate. We aimed to test the hypothesis that an interventional strategy is better than a conservative strategy in such patients.
2199. Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
Deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars reduce sandfly bite rates on dogs, and are effective in killing sandflies that attempt to feed. Because domestic dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, we tested whether community-wide application of dog collars could protect children against infection with Leishmania infantum, the parasite that causes the disease.
2200. Outcomes at 6 months for the direct comparison of tirofiban and abciximab during percutaneous coronary revascularisation with stent placement: the TARGET follow-up study.
作者: David J Moliterno.;Steven J Yakubov.;Peter M DiBattiste.;Howard C Herrmann.;Gregg W Stone.;Carlos Macaya.;Franz-Josef Neumann.;Diego Ardissino.;Jean-Pierre Bassand.;Lynn Borzi.;Alan C Yeung.;Katherine A Harris.;Laura A Demopoulos.;Eric J Topol.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9330期355-60页
Two placebo-controlled trials testing intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists in the setting of percutaneous coronary revascularisation with intracoronary stents have shown a durable reduction in ischaemic events to 6 months. These trials differed regarding their patient population, IIb/IIIa inhibitor, and reported extent of benefit. Whether a small-molecule agent affecting only the IIb/IIIa receptor would provide a similar outcome for ischaemic events and clinical restenosis at 6 months when directly compared with a monoclonal antibody known to affect several integrin receptors is unknown.
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