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202. Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.
作者: Deborah Schrag.;Qian Shi.;Martin R Weiser.;Marc J Gollub.;Leonard B Saltz.;Benjamin L Musher.;Joel Goldberg.;Tareq Al Baghdadi.;Karyn A Goodman.;Robert R McWilliams.;Jeffrey M Farma.;Thomas J George.;Hagen F Kennecke.;Ardaman Shergill.;Michael Montemurro.;Garth D Nelson.;Brian Colgrove.;Vallerie Gordon.;Alan P Venook.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Jeffrey A Meyerhardt.;Amylou C Dueck.;Ethan Basch.;George J Chang.;Harvey J Mamon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷4期322-334页
Pelvic radiation plus sensitizing chemotherapy with a fluoropyrimidine (chemoradiotherapy) before surgery is standard care for locally advanced rectal cancer in North America. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) can be used in lieu of chemoradiotherapy is uncertain.
203. Vorasidenib in IDH1- or IDH2-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma.
作者: Ingo K Mellinghoff.;Martin J van den Bent.;Deborah T Blumenthal.;Mehdi Touat.;Katherine B Peters.;Jennifer Clarke.;Joe Mendez.;Shlomit Yust-Katz.;Liam Welsh.;Warren P Mason.;François Ducray.;Yoshie Umemura.;Burt Nabors.;Matthias Holdhoff.;Andreas F Hottinger.;Yoshiki Arakawa.;Juan M Sepulveda.;Wolfgang Wick.;Riccardo Soffietti.;James R Perry.;Pierre Giglio.;Macarena de la Fuente.;Elizabeth A Maher.;Steven Schoenfeld.;Dan Zhao.;Shuchi S Pandya.;Lori Steelman.;Islam Hassan.;Patrick Y Wen.;Timothy F Cloughesy.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷7期589-601页
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant grade 2 gliomas are malignant brain tumors that cause considerable disability and premature death. Vorasidenib, an oral brain-penetrant inhibitor of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 enzymes, showed preliminary activity in IDH-mutant gliomas.
204. Perioperative Pembrolizumab for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
作者: Heather Wakelee.;Moishe Liberman.;Terufumi Kato.;Masahiro Tsuboi.;Se-Hoon Lee.;Shugeng Gao.;Ke-Neng Chen.;Christophe Dooms.;Margarita Majem.;Ekkehard Eigendorff.;Gastón L Martinengo.;Olivier Bylicki.;Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu.;Jamie E Chaft.;Silvia Novello.;Jing Yang.;Steven M Keller.;Ayman Samkari.;Jonathan D Spicer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷6期491-503页
Among patients with resectable early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a perioperative approach that includes both neoadjuvant and adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition may provide benefit beyond either approach alone.
205. Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer.
作者: Nicholas C Turner.;Mafalda Oliveira.;Sacha J Howell.;Florence Dalenc.;Javier Cortes.;Henry L Gomez Moreno.;Xichun Hu.;Komal Jhaveri.;Petr Krivorotko.;Sibylle Loibl.;Serafin Morales Murillo.;Meena Okera.;Yeon Hee Park.;Joohyuk Sohn.;Masakazu Toi.;Eriko Tokunaga.;Samih Yousef.;Lyudmila Zhukova.;Elza C de Bruin.;Lynda Grinsted.;Gaia Schiavon.;Andrew Foxley.;Hope S Rugo.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷22期2058-2070页
AKT pathway activation is implicated in endocrine-therapy resistance. Data on the efficacy and safety of the AKT inhibitor capivasertib, as an addition to fulvestrant therapy, in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer are limited.
206. Variant STAT4 and Response to Ruxolitinib in an Autoinflammatory Syndrome.
作者: Hratch Baghdassarian.;Sarah A Blackstone.;Owen S Clay.;Rachael Philips.;Brynja Matthiasardottir.;Michele Nehrebecky.;Vivian K Hua.;Rachael McVicar.;Yang Liu.;Suzanne M Tucker.;Davide Randazzo.;Natalie Deuitch.;Sofia Rosenzweig.;Adam Mark.;Roman Sasik.;Kathleen M Fisch.;Pallavi Pimpale Chavan.;Elif Eren.;Norman R Watts.;Chi A Ma.;Massimo Gadina.;Daniella M Schwartz.;Anwesha Sanyal.;Giffin Werner.;David R Murdock.;Nobuyuki Horita.;Shimul Chowdhury.;David Dimmock.;Kristen Jepsen.;Elaine F Remmers.;Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky.;William A Gahl.;John J O'Shea.;Joshua D Milner.;Nathan E Lewis.;Johanna Chang.;Daniel L Kastner.;Kathryn Torok.;Hirotsugu Oda.;Christopher D Putnam.;Lori Broderick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷24期2241-2252页
Disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder, characterized by poor wound healing, fibrosis, cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, and squamous-cell carcinoma. The cause is unknown, and mortality is high.
208. Upadacitinib Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Crohn's Disease.
作者: Edward V Loftus.;Julian Panés.;Ana P Lacerda.;Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet.;Geert D'Haens.;Remo Panaccione.;Walter Reinisch.;Edouard Louis.;Minhu Chen.;Hiroshi Nakase.;Jakob Begun.;Brigid S Boland.;Charles Phillips.;Mohamed-Eslam F Mohamed.;Jianzhong Liu.;Ziqian Geng.;Tian Feng.;Elena Dubcenco.;Jean-Frederic Colombel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷21期1966-1980页
Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is under investigation for the treatment of Crohn's disease.
209. Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in 2-to-29-Year-Olds in Mali and Gambia.
作者: Fadima C Haidara.;Ama Umesi.;Samba O Sow.;Magnus Ochoge.;Fatoumata Diallo.;Abdulazeez Imam.;Youssouf Traore.;Lucy Affleck.;Moussa F Doumbia.;Bubacarr Daffeh.;Mamoudou Kodio.;Oghenebrume Wariri.;Awa Traoré.;Edrissa Jallow.;Beate Kampmann.;Dhananjay Kapse.;Prasad S Kulkarni.;Asha Mallya.;Sunil Goel.;Pankaj Sharma.;Annamraju D Sarma.;Nikhil Avalaskar.;F Marc LaForce.;Mark R Alderson.;Abdi Naficy.;Steve Lamola.;Yuxiao Tang.;Lionel Martellet.;Nancy Hosken.;Evangelos Simeonidis.;Jo Anne Welsch.;Milagritos D Tapia.;Ed Clarke.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷21期1942-1955页
An effective, affordable, multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine is needed to prevent epidemic meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Data on the safety and immunogenicity of NmCV-5, a pentavalent vaccine targeting the A, C, W, Y, and X serogroups, have been limited.
210. Early versus Later Anticoagulation for Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation.
作者: Urs Fischer.;Masatoshi Koga.;Daniel Strbian.;Mattia Branca.;Stefanie Abend.;Sven Trelle.;Maurizio Paciaroni.;Götz Thomalla.;Patrik Michel.;Krassen Nedeltchev.;Leo H Bonati.;George Ntaios.;Thomas Gattringer.;Else-Charlotte Sandset.;Peter Kelly.;Robin Lemmens.;P N Sylaja.;Diana Aguiar de Sousa.;Natan M Bornstein.;Zuzana Gdovinova.;Takeshi Yoshimoto.;Marjaana Tiainen.;Helen Thomas.;Manju Krishnan.;Gek C Shim.;Christoph Gumbinger.;Jochen Vehoff.;Liqun Zhang.;Kosuke Matsuzono.;Espen Kristoffersen.;Philippe Desfontaines.;Peter Vanacker.;Angelika Alonso.;Yusuke Yakushiji.;Caterina Kulyk.;Dimitri Hemelsoet.;Sven Poli.;Ana Paiva Nunes.;Nicoletta Caracciolo.;Peter Slade.;Jelle Demeestere.;Alexander Salerno.;Markus Kneihsl.;Timo Kahles.;Daria Giudici.;Kanta Tanaka.;Silja Räty.;Rea Hidalgo.;David J Werring.;Martina Göldlin.;Marcel Arnold.;Cecilia Ferrari.;Seraina Beyeler.;Christian Fung.;Bruno J Weder.;Turgut Tatlisumak.;Sabine Fenzl.;Beata Rezny-Kasprzak.;Arsany Hakim.;Georgia Salanti.;Claudio Bassetti.;Jan Gralla.;David J Seiffge.;Thomas Horvath.;Jesse Dawson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷26期2411-2421页
The effect of early as compared with later initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in persons with atrial fibrillation who have had an acute ischemic stroke is unclear.
211. Vaccine Effectiveness of JYNNEOS against Mpox Disease in the United States.
作者: Nicholas P Deputy.;Joseph Deckert.;Anna N Chard.;Neil Sandberg.;Danielle L Moulia.;Eric Barkley.;Alexandra F Dalton.;Cory Sweet.;Amanda C Cohn.;David R Little.;Adam L Cohen.;Danessa Sandmann.;Daniel C Payne.;Jacqueline L Gerhart.;Leora R Feldstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷26期2434-2443页
In the United States, more than 30,000 cases of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) had occurred as of March 1, 2023, in an outbreak disproportionately affecting transgender persons and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. In 2019, the JYNNEOS vaccine was approved for subcutaneous administration (0.5 ml per dose) to prevent mpox infection. On August 9, 2022, an emergency use authorization was issued for intradermal administration (0.1 ml per dose); however, real-world effectiveness data are limited for either route.
213. A Phase 2 Trial of Peresolimab for Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
作者: Jay Tuttle.;Edit Drescher.;Jesus Abraham Simón-Campos.;Paul Emery.;Maria Greenwald.;Alan Kivitz.;Hyungmin Rha.;Pia Yachi.;Christina Kiley.;Ajay Nirula.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷20期1853-1862页
Peresolimab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to stimulate the endogenous programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitory pathway. Stimulation of this pathway would be a novel approach to the treatment of patients with autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases.
214. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.
A 24-year-old woman is being seen for routine health care. She has not received any vaccinations against human papillomavirus (HPV). The patient initiated sexual activity at 18 years of age and has had three male sex partners. What would you recommend regarding HPV vaccination?
215. Racial Inequality in Receipt of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder.
作者: Michael L Barnett.;Ellen Meara.;Terri Lewinson.;Brianna Hardy.;Deanna Chyn.;Moraa Onsando.;Haiden A Huskamp.;Ateev Mehrotra.;Nancy E Morden.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷19期1779-1789页
Since 2010, Black persons in the United States have had a greater increase in opioid overdose-related mortality than other groups, but national-level evidence characterizing racial and ethnic disparities in the use of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited.
216. Cabozantinib plus Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Renal-Cell Carcinoma.
作者: Toni K Choueiri.;Thomas Powles.;Laurence Albiges.;Mauricio Burotto.;Cezary Szczylik.;Bogdan Zurawski.;Eduardo Yanez Ruiz.;Marco Maruzzo.;Alberto Suarez Zaizar.;Luis E Fein.;Fabio A Schutz.;Daniel Y C Heng.;Fong Wang.;Fabio Mataveli.;Yu-Lin Chang.;Maximiliano van Kooten Losio.;Cristina Suarez.;Robert J Motzer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷19期1767-1778页
The efficacy and safety of treatment with cabozantinib in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma are unknown.
218. Familial Clonal Hematopoiesis in a Long Telomere Syndrome.
作者: Emily A DeBoy.;Michael G Tassia.;Kristen E Schratz.;Stephanie M Yan.;Zoe L Cosner.;Emily J McNally.;Dustin L Gable.;Zhimin Xiang.;David B Lombard.;Emmanuel S Antonarakis.;Christopher D Gocke.;Rajiv C McCoy.;Mary Armanios.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷26期2422-2433页
Telomere shortening is a well-characterized cellular aging mechanism, and short telomere syndromes cause age-related disease. However, whether long telomere length is advantageous is poorly understood.
219. Reappraisal of Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia at 30 Years.
作者: Andrea Lisco.;Ana M Ortega-Villa.;Harry Mystakelis.;Megan V Anderson.;Allyson Mateja.;Elizabeth Laidlaw.;Maura Manion.;Gregg Roby.;Jeanette Higgins.;Safia Kuriakose.;Magdalena A Walkiewicz.;Morgan Similuk.;Jennifer W Leiding.;Alexandra F Freeman.;Virginia Sheikh.;Irini Sereti.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷18期1680-1691页
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a clinical syndrome that is defined by CD4 lymphopenia of less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter in the absence of any primary or acquired cause of immunodeficiency. Some 30 years after its original identification, ICL has remained a disease of obscure cause, with limited evidence with respect to its prognosis or management, despite diagnostic and therapeutic innovations.
220. Interrupting Endocrine Therapy to Attempt Pregnancy after Breast Cancer.
作者: Ann H Partridge.;Samuel M Niman.;Monica Ruggeri.;Fedro A Peccatori.;Hatem A Azim.;Marco Colleoni.;Cristina Saura.;Chikako Shimizu.;Anna B Sætersdal.;Judith R Kroep.;Audrey Mailliez.;Ellen Warner.;Virginia F Borges.;Frédéric Amant.;Andrea Gombos.;Akemi Kataoka.;Christine Rousset-Jablonski.;Simona Borstnar.;Junko Takei.;Jeong E Lee.;Janice M Walshe.;Manuel Ruíz-Borrego.;Halle C F Moore.;Christobel Saunders.;Vesna Bjelic-Radisic.;Snezana Susnjar.;Fatima Cardoso.;Karen L Smith.;Teresa Ferreiro.;Karin Ribi.;Kathryn Ruddy.;Roswitha Kammler.;Sarra El-Abed.;Giuseppe Viale.;Martine Piccart.;Larissa A Korde.;Aron Goldhirsch.;Richard D Gelber.;Olivia Pagani.; .; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年388卷18期1645-1656页
Prospective data on the risk of recurrence among women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer who temporarily discontinue endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy are lacking.
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