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201. Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Gopalakrishnan Netuveli.;Brian Hurwitz.;Mark Levy.;Monica Fletcher.;Greta Barnes.;Stephen R Durham.;Aziz Sheikh.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9456期312-7页
The frequency of asthma varies between countries, and may also vary between ethnic groups in more geographically confined areas. We sought evidence of such ethnic variations in the UK for asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-services use, and to understand possible reasons for any differences.
202. Resuscitation of newborn infants with 100% oxygen or air: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Peter G Davis.;Anton Tan.;Colm P F O'Donnell.;Andreas Schulze.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9442期1329-33页
International consensus statements for resuscitation of newborn infants recommend provision of 100% oxygen with positive pressure if assisted ventilation is required. However, 100% oxygen exacerbates reperfusion injury in animals and reduces cerebral perfusion in newborn babies. We aimed to establish whether resuscitation with air decreased mortality or neurological disability in newborn infants compared with 100% oxygen.
203. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Goran Bjelakovic.;Dimitrinka Nikolova.;Rosa G Simonetti.;Christian Gluud.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9441期1219-28页
Oxidative stress can cause cancer. Our aim was to establish whether antioxidant supplements reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer and mortality.
204. Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?
The Atkins diet books have sold more than 45 million copies over 40 years, and in the obesity epidemic this diet and accompanying Atkins food products are popular. The diet claims to be effective at producing weight loss despite ad-libitum consumption of fatty meat, butter, and other high-fat dairy products, restricting only the intake of carbohydrates to under 30 g a day. Low-carbohydrate diets have been regarded as fad diets, but recent research questions this view.
205. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Adherence difficulties and psychological problems are associated with poor glycaemic control in diabetes. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological therapies to assess their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.
206. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: a systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies.
作者: John Macleod.;Rachel Oakes.;Alex Copello.;Ilana Crome.;Matthias Egger.;Mathew Hickman.;Thomas Oppenkowski.;Helen Stokes-Lampard.;George Davey Smith.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9421期1579-88页
Use of illicit drugs, particularly cannabis, by young people is widespread and is associated with several types of psychological and social harm. These relations might not be causal. Causal relations would suggest that recreational drug use is a substantial public health problem. Non-causal relations would suggest that harm-reduction policy based on prevention of drug use is unlikely to produce improvements in public health. Cross-sectional evidence cannot clarify questions of causality; longitudinal or interventional evidence is needed. Past reviews have generally been non-systematic, have often included cross-sectional data, and have underappreciated the extent of methodological problems associated with interpretation.
207. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
作者: Andrew G Renehan.;Marcel Zwahlen.;Christoph Minder.;Sarah T O'Dwyer.;Stephen M Shalet.;Matthias Egger.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9418期1346-53页
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its main binding protein, IGFBP-3, modulate cell growth and survival, and are thought to be important in tumour development. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, whereas IGFBP-3 concentrations could be associated with a decreased cancer risk.
208. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data.
作者: Craig J Whittington.;Tim Kendall.;Peter Fonagy.;David Cottrell.;Andrew Cotgrove.;Ellen Boddington.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9418期1341-5页
Questions concerning the safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depression in children led us to compare and contrast published and unpublished data on the risks and benefits of these drugs.
209. Rehabilitation therapy services for stroke patients living at home: systematic review of randomised trials.
Stroke-unit care can be valuable for stroke patients in hospital, but effectiveness of outpatient care is less certain. We aimed to assess the effects of therapy-based rehabilitation services targeted at stroke patients resident in the community within 1 year of stroke onset or discharge from hospital.
210. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease.
211. Assessment of efficacy of varicocele repair for male subfertility: a systematic review.
Varicocele repair is a widely used treatment for subfertility. Our aim was to identify and combine the results from randomised controlled trials published to ascertain whether the pregnancy rates after varicocele repair are higher than those with no treatment.
212. New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Stefan Leucht.;Kristian Wahlbeck.;Johannes Hamann.;Werner Kissling.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9369期1581-9页
The clearest advantage of new generation, atypical antipsychotics is a reduced risk of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), compared with conventional compounds. These findings might have been biased by the use of the high-potency antipsychotic haloperidol as a comparator in most of the trials. We aimed to establish whether the new drugs induce fewer EPS than low-potency conventional antipsychotics.
213. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review.
作者: Suzie J Otto.;Jacques Fracheboud.;Caspar W N Looman.;Mireille J M Broeders.;Rob Boer.;Jan H C L Hendriks.;André L M Verbeek.;Harry J de Koning.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9367期1411-7页
More than a decade ago, a mammography screening programme for women aged 50-69 years was initiated in the Netherlands. Our aim was to assess the effect of this programme on breast-cancer mortality rates.
214. Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review.
作者: Jennifer S Smith.;Jane Green.;Amy Berrington de Gonzalez.;Paul Appleby.;Julian Peto.;Martyn Plummer.;Silvia Franceschi.;Valerie Beral.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9364期1159-67页
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to be the most important cause of cervical cancer. Recent studies suggest that long duration use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of cervical cancer in HPV positive women.
215. Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We aimed to review published work for the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with simulated ECT, ECT versus pharmacotherapy, and different forms of ECT for patients with depressive illness.
216. Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review.
作者: John R Geddes.;Stuart M Carney.;Christina Davies.;Toshiaki A Furukawa.;David J Kupfer.;Ellen Frank.;Guy M Goodwin.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9358期653-61页
Antidepressant drugs can promote remission from acute depressive episodes. Our aim was to establish how long such treatments should be continued to prevent relapse.
217. Interferons in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
作者: Graziella Filippini.;Luca Munari.;Barbara Incorvaia.;George C Ebers.;Chris Polman.;Roberto D'Amico.;George P A Rice.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9357期545-52页
Recombinant interferons have been approved by many national regulatory agencies for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, but widespread discussion continues about their true effectiveness, benefits, side-effects, and costs.
218. Effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in the presence or absence of aspirin: a systematic review.
作者: Koon K Teo.;Salim Yusuf.;Marc Pfeffer.;Christian Torp-Pedersen.;Lars Kober.;Alistair Hall.;Janice Pogue.;Roberto Latini.;Rory Collins.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9339期1037-43页
Results from a retrospective analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) study suggest that angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be less effective in patients receiving aspirin. We aimed to confirm or refute this theory.
219. Infrared ear thermometry compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic review.
作者: Jean V Craig.;Gillian A Lancaster.;Stephen Taylor.;Paula R Williamson.;Rosalind L Smyth.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9333期603-9页
Infrared ear thermometry is frequently used in children, because this is a quick method of taking temperature and the ear is easily accessible. Our aim was to evaluate agreement between temperature measured at the rectum and ear in children.
220. Treatment interventions for Parkinson's disease: an evidence based assessment.
作者: Olivier Rascol.;Christopher Goetz.;William Koller.;Werner Poewe.;Cristina Sampaio.
来源: Lancet. 2002年359卷9317期1589-98页
We did a systematic review, with a uniform method of assessment of efficacy and safety, to assess the different interventions available for the management of Parkinson's disease (drugs, surgical interventions, and physical treatments) with respect to the following indications: prevention of disease progression, symptomatic treatment of motor features (parkinsonism), symptomatic control of motor complications, prevention of motor complications, and symptomatic treatment of non-motor features. Our aim was not to define practice guidelines, but rather to improve clinicians' knowledge of the presently available published clinical evidence, based mainly on randomised controlled trials. We hope that our review will help doctors to incorporate this background into their own decision-making strategy to make appropriate choices with respect to the treatment of individual patients with Parkinson's disease.
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