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2161. Recombinant human interleukin 11 and bacterial infection in patients with [correction of] haematological malignant disease undergoing chemotherapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial.
作者: Michael Ellis.;Ferdinand Zwaan.;Ulla Hedström.;Christopher Poynton.;Jörgen Kristensen.;Pauline Jumaa.;Julie Wassell.;Basel al-Ramadi.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9354期275-80页
Bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignant disease causes substantial morbidity. Recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL-11) prevents gastrointestinal epithelial disintegrity and has immunomodulatory actions. Our aim was to ascertain whether or not treatment with rhIL-11 can prevent gut-associated infections.
2162. Effect of recombinant activated factor VII on perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing retropubic prostatectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial.
作者: Philip W Friederich.;Christiaan P Henny.;Embert J Messelink.;Mark G Geerdink.;Tymen Keller.;Karl-Heinz Kurth.;Harry R Büller.;Marcel Levi.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9353期201-5页
Recombinant activated factor VII (factor VIIa) has prohaemostatic effects in bleeding patients with coagulation abnormalities. We aimed to test the hypothesis that recombinant factor VIIa could reduce perioperative blood loss in patients with normal coagulation systems. Therefore, we assessed safety and efficacy of this drug in patients undergoing retropubic prostatectomy, which is often associated with major blood loss and need for transfusion.
2163. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Naoyuki Nakao.;Ashio Yoshimura.;Hiroyuki Morita.;Masyuki Takada.;Tsuguo Kayano.;Terukuni Ideura.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9352期117-24页
Present angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor treatment fails to prevent progression of non-diabetic renal disease. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combined treatment of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin-II receptor blocker, and monotherapy of each drug at its maximum dose, in patients with non-diabetic renal disease.
2164. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of drug and psychological treatments for common mental disorders in general health care in Goa, India: a randomised, controlled trial.
作者: Vikram Patel.;Daniel Chisholm.;Sophia Rabe-Hesketh.;Fiona Dias-Saxena.;Gracy Andrew.;Anthony Mann.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9351期33-9页
Common mental disorders are associated with substantial morbidity and disability in developing countries, but there are no data for efficacy of treatment. We aimed to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of antidepressant and psychological treatment for common mental disorders in general health-care settings.
2165. Radiofrequency lesioning of dorsal root ganglia for chronic lumbosacral radicular pain: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
作者: Jos W M Geurts.;Roelof M A W van Wijk.;Herman J Wynne.;Edwin Hammink.;Erik Buskens.;Richel Lousberg.;Johannes T A Knape.;Gerbrand J Groen.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9351期21-6页
Results of observational studies have shown pain reduction with percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of dorsal root ganglia for lumbosacral radicular pain, but there are few randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency lesioning of dorsal root ganglia for lumbosacral radicular pain.
2166. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a longitudinal randomised trial.
作者: Grant Dorsey.;Denise Njama.;Moses R Kamya.;Adithya Cattamanchi.;Daniel Kyabayinze.;Sarah G Staedke.;Anne Gasasira.;Philip J Rosenthal.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9350期2031-8页
New antimalarial treatments are urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa. Improved therapies should decrease failure rates in the short term, but their effect on incidence of subsequent episodes of malaria is little studied. We aimed to compare the short-term and long-term effectiveness of three antimalarial regimens in children from Kampala, Uganda.
2167. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial.
作者: Hans-Peter Hartung.;Richard Gonsette.;Nikolaus König.;Hubert Kwiecinski.;Andreas Guseo.;Sean P Morrissey.;Hilmar Krapf.;Thomas Zwingers.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9350期2018-25页
Treatment options for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis are few. Encouraging results in open-label studies prompted this randomised trial of mitoxantrone in such patients.
2168. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of developmental hip dysplasia (UK Hip Trial): clinical and economic results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
作者: Diana Elbourne.;Carol Dezateux.;Rosemary Arthur.;N M P Clarke.;Alastair Gray.;Andy King.;Anne Quinn.;Frances Gardner.;Glynn Russell.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9350期2009-17页
Clinical screening aims to identify and treat neonatal hip instability associated with increased risk of hip displacement, but risks failures of diagnosis and treatment (abduction splinting), iatrogenic effects, and costs to parents and health services. Our objectives were to assess clinical effectiveness and net cost of ultrasonography compared with clinical assessment alone, to provide guidance for management of infants with clinical hip instability.
2169. Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomised placebo controlled trial.
作者: Nicola Cherry.;Kyle Gilmour.;Philip Hannaford.;Anthony Heagerty.;Mohammed Amjed Khan.;Henry Kitchener.;Roseanne McNamee.;Max Elstein.;Clifford Kay.;Mourad Seif.;Hilary Buckley.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9350期2001-8页
Results of observational studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but those of randomised trials do not indicate a lower risk in women who use oestrogen plus progestagen. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether or not unopposed oestrogen reduces the risk of further cardiac events in postmenopausal women who survive a first myocardial infarction.
2170. Comparison of single-dose azithromycin and 12-dose, 3-day erythromycin for childhood cholera: a randomised, double-blind trial.
作者: Wasif A Khan.;Debasish Saha.;Anisur Rahman.;Mohammed A Salam.;Joseph Bogaerts.;Michael L Bennish.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9347期1722-7页
Cholera is a major public-health problem, with children most affected. However, effective single-dose antimicrobial regimens have been identified only for adults. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin and erythromycin regimens in the treatment of children.
2171. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Ruth H Green.;Christopher E Brightling.;Susan McKenna.;Beverley Hargadon.;Debbie Parker.;Peter Bradding.;Andrew J Wardlaw.;Ian D Pavord.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9347期1715-21页
Treatment decisions in asthma are based on assessments of symptoms and simple measures of lung function, which do not relate closely to underlying eosinophilic airway inflammation. We aimed to assess whether a management strategy that minimises eosinophilic inflammation reduces asthma exacerbations compared with a standard management strategy.
2172. Fibrinogen and LDL apheresis in treatment of sudden hearing loss: a randomised multicentre trial.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is thought to have many different origins, including disturbances of microcirculation, autoimmune pathology, and viral infection. We aimed to determine whether acute reduction of plasma fibrinogen and serum LDL is effective for treatment of SSHL of suspected vascular origin.
2173. Low dose mifepristone and two regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a WHO multicentre randomised trial.
作者: Helena von Hertzen.;Gilda Piaggio.;Juhong Ding.;Junling Chen.;Si Song.;György Bártfai.;Ernest Ng.;Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson.;Amindavaa Oyunbileg.;Shangchun Wu.;Weiyu Cheng.;Frank Lüdicke.;Alenka Pretnar-Darovec.;Rosemary Kirkman.;Suneeta Mittal.;Archil Khomassuridze.;Dan Apter.;Alexandre Peregoudov.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9348期1803-10页
A single 10 mg dose of mifepristone, and two 0.75 mg doses of levonorgestrel 12 h apart, are effective for emergency contraception. Because no studies had compared the efficacies of both compounds, or investigated a single dose of 1.5 mg levonorgestrel, we undertook this three-arm trial.
2174. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial.
作者: James Shepherd.;Gerard J Blauw.;Michael B Murphy.;Edward L E M Bollen.;Brendan M Buckley.;Stuart M Cobbe.;Ian Ford.;Allan Gaw.;Michael Hyland.;J Wouter Jukema.;Adriaan M Kamper.;Peter W Macfarlane.;A Edo Meinders.;John Norrie.;Chris J Packard.;Ivan J Perry.;David J Stott.;Brian J Sweeney.;Cillian Twomey.;Rudi G J Westendorp.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9346期1623-30页
Although statins reduce coronary and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged individuals, their efficacy and safety in elderly people is not fully established. Our aim was to test the benefits of pravastatin treatment in an elderly cohort of men and women with, or at high risk of developing, cardiovascular disease and stroke.
2175. The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: H A Ashton.;M J Buxton.;N E Day.;L G Kim.;T M Marteau.;R A P Scott.;S G Thompson.;N M Walker.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9345期1531-9页
Opposing views have been published on the importance of ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms. The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study was designed to assess whether or not such screening is beneficial.
2176. Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial.
作者: Ram B Singh.;Gal Dubnov.;Mohammad A Niaz.;Saraswati Ghosh.;Reema Singh.;Shanti S Rastogi.;Orly Manor.;Daniel Pella.;Elliot M Berry.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9344期1455-61页
The rapid emergence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in south Asian people is not explained by conventional risk factors. In view of cardioprotective effects of a Mediterranean style diet rich in alpha-linolenic acid, we assessed the benefits of this diet for patients at high risk of CAD.
2177. Ximelagatran and melagatran compared with dalteparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement: the METHRO II randomised trial.
作者: Bengt I Eriksson.;David Bergqvist.;Peter Kälebo.;Ola E Dahl.;Siv Lindbratt.;Anders Bylock.;Lars Frison.;Ulf G Eriksson.;Lennart Welin.;David Gustafsson.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9344期1441-7页
Heparins substantially reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications after total hip or knee replacement. However, they can be given only by injection and have several other drawbacks. We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study to examine the dose-response relation of subcutaneous melagatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, followed by oral ximelagatran as thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety with that of dalteparin.
2178. DNA markers predicting benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil in patients with colon cancer: a molecular study.
作者: P L Barratt.;M T Seymour.;S P Stenning.;I Georgiades.;C Walker.;K Birbeck.;P Quirke.; .
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9343期1381-91页
Present clinical algorithms assign adjuvant chemotherapy according to prognosis, but clinical decision-making would be greatly improved if reliable predictive markers were available to identify which subsets of patients benefit most from treatment. We examined molecular markers in preserved tissue from patients with Dukes' B or C colon cancer randomised to receive, or not, adjuvant fluorouracil, and assessed each marker's prognostic and predictive value.
2179. Effect of nitazoxanide on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Beatrice Amadi.;Mwiya Mwiya.;John Musuku.;Angela Watuka.;Sandie Sianongo.;Ayman Ayoub.;Paul Kelly.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9343期1375-80页
Cryptosporidiosis in children in developing countries causes persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition and is associated with increased mortality, but there is no effective treatment. We aimed to assess the effect of nitazoxanide-a new broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug-on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with diarrhoea due to Cryptosporidium parvum.
2180. Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial.
作者: Paulus Kirchhof.;Lars Eckardt.;Peter Loh.;Karoline Weber.;Rudolf-Josef Fischer.;Karl-Heinz Seidl.;Dirk Böcker.;Günter Breithardt.;Wilhelm Haverkamp.;Martin Borggrefe.
来源: Lancet. 2002年360卷9342期1275-9页
External cardioversion is a readily available treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation. Although anatomical and electrophysiological considerations suggest that an anterior-posterior electrode position should create a more homogeneous shock-field gradient throughout the atria than an anterior-lateral position, both electrode positions are equally recommended for external cardioversion in current guidelines. We undertook a randomised trial comparing the two positions with the endpoint of successful cardioversion.
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