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2121. Radiotherapy and tamoxifen in women with completely excised ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand: randomised controlled trial.
作者: Joan Houghton.;W D George.;Jack Cuzick.;Catherine Duggan.;Ian S Fentiman.;Margaret Spittle.; .; .; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9378期95-102页
As a consequence of mammographic breast screening programmes, ductal carcinoma in situ is diagnosed with increasing frequency. Mastectomy for localised ductal carcinoma in situ is thought to be an over-treatment by many physicians, but there is much controversy as to whether complete local excision alone is sufficient. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy and tamoxifen.
2122. Myocardial viability as a determinant of the ejection fraction response to carvedilol in patients with heart failure (CHRISTMAS trial): randomised controlled trial.
作者: J G F Cleland.;D J Pennell.;S G Ray.;A J Coats.;P W Macfarlane.;G D Murray.;J Dalle Mule.;Z Vered.;A Lahiri.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9377期14-21页
The improvement in left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in response to beta blockers is heterogeneous in patients with heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease, possibly indicating variations in the myocardial substrate underlying left-ventricular dysfunction. We investigated whether improvement in LVEF was associated with the volume of hibernating myocardium (viable myocardium with contractile failure).
2123. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial.
作者: Philip A Poole-Wilson.;Karl Swedberg.;John G F Cleland.;Andrea Di Lenarda.;Peter Hanrath.;Michel Komajda.;Jacobus Lubsen.;Beatrix Lutiger.;Marco Metra.;Willem J Remme.;Christian Torp-Pedersen.;Armin Scherhag.;Allan Skene.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9377期7-13页
Beta blockers reduce mortality in patients who have chronic heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and are on background treatment with diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. We aimed to compare the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcome.
2124. Relation between acute hypoxia and activation of coagulation in human beings.
作者: Alexi Crosby.;Nick P Talbot.;Paul Harrison.;David Keeling.;Peter A Robbins.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9376期2207-8页
The risk of venous thrombosis may be increased during aeroplane flights, which may, partly, relate to activation of coagulation by hypoxia that is caused by the reduction of pressure in the aircraft cabin. To find out whether hypoxia activates coagulation, we exposed eight healthy human participants to 8 h of isocapnic hypoxia and 8 h of air as a control. Venous blood was sampled before and after the exposure and analysed for markers of activated coagulation. There were no significant changes. We conclude that hypoxia has no major effect on coagulation in the general population.
2125. Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study.
作者: Reinier Veenhoven.;Debby Bogaert.;Cuno Uiterwaal.;Carole Brouwer.;Herma Kiezebrink.;Jacob Bruin.;Ed IJzerman.;Peter Hermans.;Ronald de Groot.;Ben Zegers.;Wietse Kuis.;Ger Rijkers.;Anne Schilder.;Elisabeth Sanders.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9376期2189-95页
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine prevents recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) in infants immunised at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age. We aimed to find out whether this vaccine also prevents AOM in older children who have had previous episodes of AOM.
2126. Differences in female-male mortality after high-titre measles vaccine and association with subsequent vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and inactivated poliovirus: reanalysis of West African studies.
作者: Peter Aaby.;Henrik Jensen.;Badara Samb.;Badara Cisse.;Morten Sodemann.;Marianne Jakobsen.;Anja Poulsen.;Amabelia Rodrigues.;Ida Maria Lisse.;Francois Simondon.;Hilton Whittle.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9376期2183-8页
Females given high-titre measles vaccine (HTMV) have high mortality; diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination might be associated with increased female mortality. We aimed to assess whether DTP or inactivated poliovirus (IPV) administered after HTMV was associated with increased female-male mortality ratio.
2127. Use of isotonic nebulised magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to salbutamol in treatment of severe asthma in adults: randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Rodney Hughes.;Alexandra Goldkorn.;Matthew Masoli.;Mark Weatherall.;Carl Burgess.;Richard Beasley.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9375期2114-7页
Intravenous magnesium can cause bronchodilation in treatment of severe asthma, however its effect by the nebulised route is uncertain. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of isotonic magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to nebulised salbutamol in severe attacks of asthma.
2128. Paclitaxel plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional platinum-based chemotherapy in women with relapsed ovarian cancer: the ICON4/AGO-OVAR-2.2 trial.
作者: M K B Parmar.;J A Ledermann.;N Colombo.;A du Bois.;J-F Delaloye.;G B Kristensen.;S Wheeler.;A M Swart.;W Qian.;V Torri.;I Floriani.;G Jayson.;A Lamont.;C Tropé.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9375期2099-106页
Despite improvements in the treatment of ovarian cancer, most patients develop recurrent disease within 3 years of diagnosis. There is no agreed second-line treatment at relapse. We assessed paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy as such treatment.
2129. Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Hallvard Holdaas.;Bengt Fellström.;Alan G Jardine.;Ingar Holme.;Gudrun Nyberg.;Per Fauchald.;Carola Grönhagen-Riska.;Søren Madsen.;Hans-Hellmut Neumayer.;Edward Cole.;Bart Maes.;Patrice Ambühl.;Anders G Olsson.;Anders Hartmann.;Dag O Solbu.;Terje R Pedersen.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9374期2024-31页
Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Although statins reduce cardiovascular risk in the general population, their efficacy and safety in renal transplant recipients have not been established. We investigated the effects of fluvastatin on cardiac and renal endpoints in this population.
2130. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Rory Collins.;Jane Armitage.;Sarah Parish.;Peter Sleigh.;Richard Peto.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9374期2005-16页
Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although typically their plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol are similar to those in the general population. Previous evidence about the effects of lowering cholesterol in people with diabetes has been limited, and most diabetic patients do not currently receive cholesterol-lowering therapy despite their increased risk.
2131. Multiple-dose activated charcoal for treatment of yellow oleander poisoning: a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: H A de Silva.;M M D Fonseka.;A Pathmeswaran.;D G S Alahakone.;G A Ratnatilake.;S B Gunatilake.;C D Ranasinha.;D G Lalloo.;J K Aronson.;H J de Silva.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9373期1935-8页
Deliberate self-poisoning with yellow oleander seeds is common in Sri Lanka and is associated with severe cardiac toxicity and a mortality rate of about 10%. Specialised treatment with antidigoxin Fab fragments and temporary cardiac pacing is expensive and not widely available. Multiple-dose activated charcoal binds cardiac glycosides in the gut lumen and promotes their elimination. We aimed to assess the efficacy of multiple-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of patients with yellow-oleander poisoning.
2132. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Marko Kalliomäki.;Seppo Salminen.;Tuija Poussa.;Heikki Arvilommi.;Erika Isolauri.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9372期1869-71页
Perinatal administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103), reduces incidence of atopic eczema in at-risk children during the first 2 years of life (infancy). We have therefore assessed persistence of the potential to prevent atopic eczema at 4 years. Atopic disease was diagnosed on the basis of a questionnaire and a clinical examination. 14 of 53 children receiving lactobacillus had developed atopic eczema, compared with 25 of 54 receiving placebo (relative risk 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.97). Skin prick test reactivity was the same in both groups: ten of 50 children previously given lactobacillus compared with nine of 50 given placebo tested positive. Our results suggest that the preventive effect of lactobacillus GG on atopic eczema extends beyond infancy.
2133. Effect of intermittent treatment with amodiaquine on anaemia and malarial fevers in infants in Tanzania: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Julius J Massaga.;Andrew Y Kitua.;Martha M Lemnge.;Jumaa A Akida.;Lincoln N Malle.;Anita M Rønn.;Thor G Theander.;Ib C Bygbjerg.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9372期1853-60页
Malaria is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and is often complicated by severe anaemia. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to most affordable antimalarial drugs is an impediment to intermittent chemotherapy. We investigated the effect of presumptive intermittent treatment with amodiaquine and daily iron supplementation in infants on malarial fevers and anaemia, in a holoendemic area of Tanzania where malaria is largely resistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine.
2134. Effect of enalapril on 12-year survival and life expectancy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a follow-up study.
作者: Philip Jong.;Salim Yusuf.;Michel F Rousseau.;Sylvie A Ahn.;Shrikant I Bangdiwala.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9372期1843-8页
In the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD), enalapril reduced mortality in patients with symptomatic but not asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction during the trial. We did a 12-year follow-up of SOLVD to establish if the mortality reduction with enalapril among patients with heart failure was sustained, and whether a subsequent reduction in mortality would emerge among those with asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction.
2135. Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Bankole A Johnson.;Nassima Ait-Daoud.;Charles L Bowden.;Carlo C DiClemente.;John D Roache.;Kevin Lawson.;Martin A Javors.;Jennie Z Ma.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9370期1677-85页
Topiramate, a sulphamate fructopyranose derivative, might antagonise alcohol's rewarding effects associated with abuse liability by inhibiting mesocorticolimbic dopamine release via the contemporaneous facilitation of gamma-amino-butyric acid activity and inhibition of glutamate function. We aimed to see whether topiramate was more effective than placebo as a treatment for alcohol dependence.
2136. Effectiveness and safety of ICL670 in iron-loaded patients with thalassaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial.
作者: Eric Nisbet-Brown.;Nancy F Olivieri.;Patricia J Giardina.;Robert W Grady.;Ellis J Neufeld.;Romain Séchaud.;Axel J Krebs-Brown.;Judith R Anderson.;Daniele Alberti.;Kurt C Sizer.;David G Nathan.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9369期1597-602页
Transfusional iron overload is a potentially fatal complication of the treatment of thalassaemia. We aimed to investigate short-term efficacy, pharmacokinetic/pharma- codynamic (PK/PD) relations, and safety of ICL670, a novel, tridentate, orally active iron chelator.
2137. Dietary fibre and colorectal adenoma in a colorectal cancer early detection programme.
作者: Ulrike Peters.;Rashmi Sinha.;Nilanjan Chatterjee.;Amy F Subar.;Regina G Ziegler.;Martin Kulldorff.;Robert Bresalier.;Joel L Weissfeld.;Andrew Flood.;Arthur Schatzkin.;Richard B Hayes.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9368期1491-5页
Although dietary fibre has been reported to have no association with colorectal adenoma and cancer, in some studies this topic remains controversial.
2138. Stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy: long-term follow up of a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Edward F Smyth.;Richard P Baker.;Bert J Wilken.;John E Hartley.;Tim J White.;John R T Monson.
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9367期1437-8页
Advantages of the stapling procedure for haemorrhoids include reduced postoperative pain and shortened convalescence; however, there are few data with respect to functional and symptomatic outcome. At a dedicated clinic, we reviewed patients between Dec, 2001, and March, 2002, who had taken part in a randomised controlled trial undertaken at the unit in 1999, which compared outcomes after open or stapled haemorrhoidectomy. We noted the presence or absence of haemorrhoid specific symptoms, and assessed overall satisfaction, continence, and quality of life. Rigid sigmoidoscopy and an anorectal examination were also used to examine symptomatic recurrence and disease activity. At minimum follow-up of 33 months since surgery, both techniques seem to be equally effective.
2139. Effect of community-based promotion of exclusive breastfeeding on diarrhoeal illness and growth: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
作者: Nita Bhandari.;Rajiv Bahl.;Sarmila Mazumdar.;Jose Martines.;Robert E Black.;Maharaj K Bhan.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年361卷9367期1418-23页
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended until age 6 months. We assessed the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of an educational intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding for this length of time in India.
2140. Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of malignant disease in pleural effusions: a randomised controlled trial.
Over 200000 pleural effusions are attributable to cancer in the UK and USA every year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. Pleural biopsy needs to be done in the remaining cases. We aimed to assess whether CT-guided biopsy is an improvement over standard pleural biopsy in this setting.
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