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2101. Efficacy of a short course of parent-initiated oral prednisolone for viral wheeze in children aged 1-5 years: randomised controlled trial.
Episodic wheeze triggered by viral colds is common in children aged between 1 and 5 years (preschool viral wheeze). Most affected children are asymptomatic by age 6 years. Persistence of wheeze is associated with above-average systemic eosinophil priming. Use of parental-initiated oral prednisolone is recommended at the first sign of preschool viral wheeze. However, evidence for this treatment strategy is conflicting. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy of a short course of oral prednisolone for preschool viral wheeze, with stratification for systemic eosinophil priming.
2102. Pulsed-dye laser treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris: randomised controlled trial.
作者: E D Seaton.;A Charakida.;P E Mouser.;I Grace.;R M Clement.;A C Chu.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9393期1347-52页
Low-fluence (low irradiation energy density) pulsed-dye lasers (PDLs) have been used for atrophic acne scarring, and anecdotal experience suggests that long-term improvements in inflammatory acne can be seen after one PDL treatment. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of such PDL treatment with sham treatment in patients with facial inflammatory acne in a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
2103. Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes.
作者: Ewan R Pearson.;Bryan J Starkey.;Roy J Powell.;Fiona M Gribble.;Penny M Clark.;Andrew T Hattersley.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9392期1275-81页
Type 2 diabetes shows evidence of underlying heterogeneity. No studies have assessed whether different causes for diabetes change the response to oral hypoglycaemic therapy. In a few cases, patients with diabetes caused by mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF-1alpha) gene have been described as sensitive to the hypoglycaemic effects of sulphonylureas. We aimed to see whether the glycaemic response to the sulphonylurea gliclazide and the biguanide metformin differed in HNF-1alpha diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and to investigate the mechanism for differences in sulphonylurea sensitivity.
2104. Erythropoietin to treat head and neck cancer patients with anaemia undergoing radiotherapy: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Michael Henke.;Roland Laszig.;Christian Rübe.;Ulrich Schäfer.;Klaus-Dieter Haase.;Burkhard Schilcher.;Stephan Mose.;Karl T Beer.;Ulrich Burger.;Chris Dougherty.;Hermann Frommhold.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9392期1255-60页
Anaemia is associated with poor cancer control, particularly in patients undergoing radiotherapy. We investigated whether anaemia correction with epoetin beta could improve outcome of curative radiotherapy among patients with head and neck cancer.
2105. Clinical importance of neutralising antibodies against interferon beta in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
作者: Per Soelberg Sorensen.;Christian Ross.;Katja Maria Clemmesen.;Klaus Bendtzen.;Jette Lautrup Frederiksen.;Kai Jensen.;Ole Kristensen.;Thor Petersen.;Soren Rasmussen.;Mads Ravnborg.;Egon Stenager.;Nils Koch-Henriksen.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9391期1184-91页
Interferon beta is the first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but the drug can induce neutralising antibodies against itself, which might reduce effectiveness. We aimed to assess the clinical effect of neutralising antibodies.
2106. Short postexposure prophylaxis in newborn babies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: NVAZ randomised clinical trial.
作者: Taha E Taha.;Newton I Kumwenda.;Amanda Gibbons.;Robin L Broadhead.;Susan Fiscus.;Valentino Lema.;George Liomba.;Chiwawa Nkhoma.;Paolo G Miotti.;Donald R Hoover.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9391期1171-7页
In sub-Saharan Africa, most women present late for delivery with unknown HIV status, which limits the use of intrapartum nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We aimed to determine whether post-exposure prophylaxis of nevirapine plus zidovudine given to babies only reduced transmission of HIV more than did a regimen of nevirapine alone.
2107. Vibrating insoles and balance control in elderly people.
作者: Attila A Priplata.;James B Niemi.;Jason D Harry.;Lewis A Lipsitz.;James J Collins.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9390期1123-4页
Somatosensory function declines with age, and such changes have been associated with diminished motor performance. Input noise can enhance sensory and motor function. We asked young and elderly participants to stand quietly on vibrating gel-based insoles, and calculated sway parameters and random-walk variables. In our 27 participants, application of noise resulted in a reduction in seven of eight sway parameters in young participants and all of the sway variables in elderly participants. Elderly participants showed greater improvement than young people in two variables, mediolateral range (p=0.008), and critical mean square displacement (p=0.012). Noise-based devices, such as randomly vibrating insoles, could ameliorate age-related impairments in balance control.
2108. Sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of patients with long atherosclerotic lesions in small coronary arteries: double-blind, randomised controlled trial (E-SIRIUS).
作者: Joachim Schofer.;Michael Schlüter.;Anthony H Gershlick.;William Wijns.;Eulogio Garcia.;Erick Schampaert.;Günter Breithardt.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9390期1093-9页
Sirolimus-eluting stents have been developed to prevent restenosis in the treatment of coronary artery disease. We investigated the risk of restenosis with use of sirolimus-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents to assess possible differences.
2109. Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Evert de Jonge.;Marcus J Schultz.;Lodewijk Spanjaard.;Patrick M M Bossuyt.;Margaretha B Vroom.;Jacob Dankert.;Jozef Kesecioglu.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9389期1011-6页
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is an infection-prevention regimen used in critically ill patients. We assessed the effects of SDD on intensive-care-unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, and on the acquisition of resistant bacteria in adult patients admitted to intensive care.
2110. Five compared with six fractions per week of conventional radiotherapy of squamous-cell carcinoma of head and neck: DAHANCA 6 and 7 randomised controlled trial.
作者: Jens Overgaard.;Hanne Sand Hansen.;Lena Specht.;Marie Overgaard.;Cai Grau.;Elo Andersen.;Jens Bentzen.;Lars Bastholt.;Olfred Hansen.;Jørgen Johansen.;Lisbeth Andersen.;Jan F Evensen.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9388期933-40页
Although head and neck cancer can be cured by radiotherapy, the optimum treatment time for locoregional control is unclear. We aimed to find out whether shortening of treatment time by use of six instead of five radiotherapy fractions per week improves the tumour response in squamous-cell carcinoma.
2111. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: 18-month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial.
作者: J Brooks Jackson.;Philippa Musoke.;Thomas Fleming.;Laura A Guay.;Danstan Bagenda.;Melissa Allen.;Clemensia Nakabiito.;Joseph Sherman.;Paul Bakaki.;Maxensia Owor.;Constance Ducar.;Martina Deseyve.;Anthony Mwatha.;Lynda Emel.;Corey Duefield.;Mark Mirochnick.;Mary Glenn Fowler.;Lynne Mofenson.;Paolo Miotti.;Maria Gigliotti.;Dorothy Bray.;Francis Mmiro.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9387期859-68页
In 1999, we reported safety and efficacy data for short-course nevirapine from a Ugandan perinatal HIV-1 prevention trial when 496 babies were followed up to age 14-16 weeks. Safety and efficacy data are now presented for all babies followed up to 18 months of age.
2112. Local, regional, or general anaesthesia in groin hernia repair: multicentre randomised trial.
In specialised centres, local anaesthesia is almost always used in groin hernia surgery; whereas in routine surgical practice, regional or general anaesthesia are the methods of choice. In this three-arm multicentre randomised trial, we aimed to compare the three methods of anaesthesia and to determine the extent to which general surgeons can reproduce the excellent results obtained with local anaesthesia in specialised hernia centres.
2113. Oral ximelagatran for secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction: the ESTEEM randomised controlled trial.
作者: Lars Wallentin.;Robert G Wilcox.;W Douglas Weaver.;Håkan Emanuelsson.;Andrew Goodvin.;Per Nyström.;Anders Bylock.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9386期789-97页
Despite important advances in treatment, the risk of recurrent ischaemic events is high both early and late after an acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ximelagatran and acetylsalicylic acid for prevention of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and severe recurrent ischaemia after a recent myocardial infarction.
2114. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study).
Treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduces the rate of cardiovascular events among patients with left-ventricular dysfunction and those at high risk of such events. We assessed whether the ACE inhibitor perindopril reduced cardiovascular risk in a low-risk population with stable coronary heart disease and no apparent heart failure.
2115. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial.
作者: Salim Yusuf.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Karl Swedberg.;Christopher B Granger.;Peter Held.;John J V McMurray.;Eric L Michelson.;Bertil Olofsson.;Jan Ostergren.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9386期777-81页
Half of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but few treatments have specifically been assessed in such patients. In previous studies of patients with CHF and low LVEF or vascular disease and preserved LVEF, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is beneficial. We investigated the effect of addition of an angiotensin-receptor blocker to current treatments.
2116. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial.
作者: Christopher B Granger.;John J V McMurray.;Salim Yusuf.;Peter Held.;Eric L Michelson.;Bertil Olofsson.;Jan Ostergren.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Karl Swedberg.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9386期772-6页
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors improve outcome of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). A substantial proportion of patients, however, experience no benefit from ACE inhibitors because of previous intolerance. We aimed to find out whether candesartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, could improve outcome in such patients not taking an ACE inhibitor.
2117. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial.
作者: John J V McMurray.;Jan Ostergren.;Karl Swedberg.;Christopher B Granger.;Peter Held.;Eric L Michelson.;Bertil Olofsson.;Salim Yusuf.;Marc A Pfeffer.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9386期767-71页
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have favourable effects on haemodynamic measurements, neurohumoral activity, and left-ventricular remodelling when added to angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We aimed to find out whether these drugs improve clinical outcome.
2118. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme.
作者: Marc A Pfeffer.;Karl Swedberg.;Christopher B Granger.;Peter Held.;John J V McMurray.;Eric L Michelson.;Bertil Olofsson.;Jan Ostergren.;Salim Yusuf.;Stuart Pocock.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9386期759-66页
Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are at high risk of cardiovascular death and recurrent hospital admissions. We aimed to find out whether the use of an angiotensin-receptor blocker could reduce mortality and morbidity.
2119. Survival of patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia on imatinib after failure on interferon alfa.
作者: David Marin.;Sarah Marktel.;Richard Szydlo.;John P Klein.;Marco Bua.;Nicola Foot.;Eduardo Olavarria.;Pat Shepherd.;Edward Kanfer.;John M Goldman.;Jane F Apperley.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9384期617-9页
Until the recent introduction of imatinib, interferon alfa was the standard treatment for patients in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia. We compared survival of 143 such patients, who did not respond to interferon alfa and were treated with imatinib, with that of 246 historical controls who received conventional treatment. Patients on imatinib showed an overall survival advantage (relative risk 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.93). However, although patients on imatinib who achieved at least some degree of cytogenetic response after 6 months had better survival than controls (0.13, 0.05-0.39), those with no cytogenetic response to imatinib had significantly worse survival (1.69, 1.09-2.64). Our findings suggest that cytogenetic responders obtain benefit from imatinib but patients who show no cytogenetic response should be given alternative treatment without delay. We confirmed these results in a case-matched analysis.
2120. Long-term effect of a watch and wait policy versus immediate systemic treatment for asymptomatic advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: K M Ardeshna.;P Smith.;A Norton.;B W Hancock.;P J Hoskin.;K A MacLennan.;R E Marcus.;A Jelliffe.;G Vaughan.; Hudson.;D C Linch.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9383期516-22页
Neither chemotherapy with a single-alkylating agent nor aggressive combination chemotherapy cures advanced stage low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas, even when combined with radiotherapy. Our aim was to compare administration of immediate chlorambucil treatment with a policy of delaying chlorambucil until clinical progression necessitated its use, in asymptomatic patients with advanced-stage, low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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