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2081. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): a randomised controlled trial of intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes.
Results of studies in animals and human beings suggest that type 1 diabetes is preventable. Nicotinamide prevents autoimmune diabetes in animal models, possibly through inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and prevention of beta-cell NAD depletion. We aimed to assess whether high dose nicotinamide prevents or delays clinical onset of diabetes in people with a first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes.
2082. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions.
作者: Rory Collins.;Jane Armitage.;Sarah Parish.;Peter Sleight.;Richard Peto.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9411期757-67页
Lower blood cholesterol concentrations have consistently been found to be strongly associated with lower risks of coronary disease but not with lower risks of stroke. Despite this observation, previous randomised trials had indicated that cholesterol-lowering statin therapy reduces the risk of stroke, but large-scale prospective confirmation has been needed.
2083. Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem-cells mobilised with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on left ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomised clinical trial.
作者: Hyun-Jae Kang.;Hyo-Soo Kim.;Shu-Ying Zhang.;Kyung-Woo Park.;Hyun-Jai Cho.;Bon-Kwon Koo.;Yong-Jin Kim.;Dong Soo Lee.;Dae-Won Sohn.;Kyou-Sup Han.;Byung-Hee Oh.;Myoung-Mook Lee.;Young-Bae Park.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9411期751-6页
Bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction. We examined the feasibility and efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy and subsequent intracoronary infusion of collected peripheral blood stem-cells (PBSCs) in such patients.
2084. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial.
作者: Lars Klareskog.;Désirée van der Heijde.;Julien P de Jager.;Andrew Gough.;Joachim Kalden.;Michel Malaise.;Emilio Martín Mola.;Karel Pavelka.;Jacques Sany.;Lucas Settas.;Joseph Wajdula.;Ronald Pedersen.;Saeed Fatenejad.;Marie Sanda.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9410期675-81页
Etanercept and methotrexate are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but no data exist on concurrent initiation or use of the combination compared with either drug alone. We aimed to assess combination treatment with etanercept and methotrexate versus the monotherapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
2085. Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial.
作者: Mirjam Christ-Crain.;Daiana Jaccard-Stolz.;Roland Bingisser.;Mikael M Gencay.;Peter R Huber.;Michael Tamm.;Beat Müller.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9409期600-7页
Lower respiratory tract infections are often treated with antibiotics without evidence of clinically relevant bacterial disease. Serum calcitonin precursor concentrations, including procalcitonin, are raised in bacterial infections. We aimed to assess a procalcitonin-based therapeutic strategy to reduce antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections with a new rapid and sensitive assay.
2086. Adjuvant autologous renal tumour cell vaccine and risk of tumour progression in patients with renal-cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy: phase III, randomised controlled trial.
作者: Dieter Jocham.;Axel Richter.;Lothar Hoffmann.;Klaus Iwig.;Dirk Fahlenkamp.;Günther Zakrzewski.;Eberhard Schmitt.;Thomas Dannenberg.;Walter Lehmacher.;Jörn von Wietersheim.;Christian Doehn.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9409期594-9页
Organ-confined renal-cell carcinoma is associated with tumour progression in up to 50% of patients after radical nephrectomy. At present, no effective adjuvant treatment is established. We aimed to investigate the effect of an autologous renal tumour cell vaccine on risk of tumour progression in patients with stage pT2-3b pN0-3 M0 renal-cell carcinoma.
2087. Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke trial): randomised controlled trial.
Magnesium is neuroprotective in animal models of stroke, and findings of small clinical pilot trials suggest potential benefit in people. We aimed to test whether intravenous magnesium sulphate, given within 12 h of stroke onset, reduces death or disability at 90 days.
2088. No effect of rosiglitazone for treatment of HIV-1 lipoatrophy: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Andrew Carr.;Cassy Workman.;Dianne Carey.;Gary Rogers.;Allison Martin.;David Baker.;Handan Wand.;Matthew Law.;Katherine Samaras.;Sean Emery.;David A Cooper.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9407期429-38页
Lipodystrophy commonly complicates antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection. Thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone promote subcutaneous fat growth in type 2 diabetics and adults with congenital lipodystrophy, and can prevent HIV-1 protease inhibitor toxicity to adipocytes in vitro. We postulated that rosiglitazone would improve HIV lipoatrophy.
2089. Doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: randomised controlled trial.
Asthma self-management plans that include doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when the condition deteriorates improve asthma control. Whether doubling the dose of corticosteroid in isolation is effective is unknown. We undertook a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteriods when asthma deteriorates.
2090. Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome: randomised trial.
作者: R van Koningsveld.;P I M Schmitz.;F G Avander Meché.;L H Visser.;J Meulstee.;P A van Doorn.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9404期192-6页
Despite available treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), morbidity and mortality are considerable in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Our aim was to assess whether methylprednisolone, when taken with IVIg, improves outcome when compared with IVIg alone.
2091. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study.
作者: Frank D Gilliland.;Yu-Fen Li.;Andrew Saxon.;David Diaz-Sanchez.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9403期119-25页
Particulate pollution is associated with the occurrence of asthma and allergy. The model pollutant, diesel exhaust particles, can participate with allergens in starting and exacerbating allergic airway diseases in part by production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) can metabolise reactive oxygen species and detoxify xenobiotics present in diesel exhaust particles. We tested the hypothesis that null genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1, and GSTP1 codon 105 variants (I105 and V105) are key regulators of the adjuvant effects of diesel exhaust particles on allergic responses.
2092. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: randomised clinical trial.
作者: Tinh Hien Tran.;Christiane Dolecek.;Phuong Mai Pham.;Thi Dung Nguyen.;Thanh Truong Nguyen.;Hong Thai Le.;Thi Hoai An Dong.;Tan Thanh Tran.;Kasia Stepniewska.;Nicholas J White.;Jeremy Farrar.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9402期18-22页
Southeast Asia has the most resistant malaria parasites in the world, which severely limits treatment options. There is general acceptance that to combat resistance, combinations of antimalarial drugs that include an artemisinin derivative should be used, and, if possible, these should be formulated in a single tablet.
2093. Change to abacavir-lamivudine-tenofovir combination treatment in patients with HIV-1 who had complete virological suppression.
作者: M Hoogewerf.;R M Regez.;W E M Schouten.;H M Weigel.;P H J Frissen.;K Brinkman.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9400期1979-80页
Patients who have not received previous antiretroviral treatment (ART) have a high failure rate on the combination treatment of abacavir, lamivudine, and tenovir. We assessed the virological failure rate in eight patients with HIV-1 who switched to this combination after having complete virological suppression from their previous long-term ART (median 8.0 months, range 7.5-18.0). Five of the eight patients showed virological failure. Four of these five patients had either the K65R mutation, the M184V/I mutation, or both. This combination of drugs cannot therefore be recommended as alternative treatment in patients with HIV-1 who are fully virologically suppressed.
2094. Safety and antigenicity of whole virus and subunit influenza A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) vaccine in healthy adults: phase I randomised trial.
作者: Iain Stephenson.;Karl G Nicholson.;Reinhardt Glück.;Robert Mischler.;Robert W Newman.;Abraham M Palache.;Neville Q Verlander.;Fiona Warburton.;John M Wood.;Maria C Zambon.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9400期1959-66页
In 1999, avian influenza A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) virus emerged as a pandemic threat to human beings. We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and antigenicity of whole virus and subunit H9N2 vaccines in healthy volunteers.
2095. Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: the HART study.
作者: J Cuzick.;A Szarewski.;H Cubie.;G Hulman.;H Kitchener.;D Luesley.;E McGoogan.;U Menon.;G Terry.;R Edwards.;C Brooks.;M Desai.;C Gie.;L Ho.;I Jacobs.;C Pickles.;P Sasieni.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9399期1871-6页
Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the primary cause of almost all cervical cancers. HPV testing of cervical smears is more sensitive but less specific than cytology for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). HPV testing as a primary screening approach requires efficient management of HPV-positive women with negative or borderline cytology. We aimed to compare the detection rate and positive predictive values of HPV assay with cytology and to determine the best management strategy for HPV-positive women.
2096. Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): randomised controlled trial.
Warfarin prevents ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, but dose adjustment, coagulation monitoring, and bleeding risk limit its use. The oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran represents a potential alternative. We aimed to establish whether ximelagatran is non-inferior to warfarin, within a margin of 2% per year, for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.
2097. Effect of firmness of mattress on chronic non-specific low-back pain: randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre trial.
作者: Francisco M Kovacs.;Víctor Abraira.;Andrés Peña.;José Gerardo Martín-Rodríguez.;Manuel Sánchez-Vera.;Enrique Ferrer.;Domingo Ruano.;Pedro Guillén.;Mario Gestoso.;Alfonso Muriel.;Javier Zamora.;María Teresa Gil del Real.;Nicole Mufraggi.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9396期1599-604页
A firm mattress is commonly believed to be beneficial for low-back pain, although evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking. We assessed the effect of different firmnesses of mattresses on the clinical course of patients with chronic non-specific low-back pain.
2098. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: John Zajicek.;Patrick Fox.;Hilary Sanders.;David Wright.;Jane Vickery.;Andrew Nunn.;Alan Thompson.; .
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9395期1517-26页
Multiple sclerosis is associated with muscle stiffness, spasms, pain, and tremor. Much anecdotal evidence suggests that cannabinoids could help these symptoms. Our aim was to test the notion that cannabinoids have a beneficial effect on spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis.
2099. Efficacy of a short course of parent-initiated oral prednisolone for viral wheeze in children aged 1-5 years: randomised controlled trial.
Episodic wheeze triggered by viral colds is common in children aged between 1 and 5 years (preschool viral wheeze). Most affected children are asymptomatic by age 6 years. Persistence of wheeze is associated with above-average systemic eosinophil priming. Use of parental-initiated oral prednisolone is recommended at the first sign of preschool viral wheeze. However, evidence for this treatment strategy is conflicting. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy of a short course of oral prednisolone for preschool viral wheeze, with stratification for systemic eosinophil priming.
2100. Pulsed-dye laser treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris: randomised controlled trial.
作者: E D Seaton.;A Charakida.;P E Mouser.;I Grace.;R M Clement.;A C Chu.
来源: Lancet. 2003年362卷9393期1347-52页
Low-fluence (low irradiation energy density) pulsed-dye lasers (PDLs) have been used for atrophic acne scarring, and anecdotal experience suggests that long-term improvements in inflammatory acne can be seen after one PDL treatment. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of such PDL treatment with sham treatment in patients with facial inflammatory acne in a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
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