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2061. Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study.
Effective interventions are needed to prevent acquisition of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. To date, no behavioural interventions specifically for this risk group have been tested with HIV infection as the primary outcome.
2062. Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): randomised double-blind trial.
作者: C Courtney.;D Farrell.;R Gray.;R Hills.;L Lynch.;E Sellwood.;S Edwards.;W Hardyman.;J Raftery.;P Crome.;C Lendon.;H Shaw.;P Bentham.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9427期2105-15页
Cholinesterase inhibitors produce small improvements in cognitive and global assessments in Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to determine whether donepezil produces worthwhile improvements in disability, dependency, behavioural and psychological symptoms, carers' psychological wellbeing, or delay in institutionalisation. If so, which patients benefit, from what dose, and for how long?
2063. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial.
作者: Stevo Julius.;Sverre E Kjeldsen.;Michael Weber.;Hans R Brunner.;Steffan Ekman.;Lennart Hansson.;Tsushung Hua.;John Laragh.;Gordon T McInnes.;Lada Mitchell.;Francis Plat.;Anthony Schork.;Beverly Smith.;Alberto Zanchetti.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9426期2022-31页
The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that for the same blood-pressure control, valsartan would reduce cardiac morbidity and mortality more than amlodipine in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk.
2064. Trial of Atorvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TARA): double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: David W McCarey.;Iain B McInnes.;Rajan Madhok.;Rosie Hampson.;Olga Scherbakov.;Ian Ford.;Hilary A Capell.;Naveed Sattar.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9426期2015-21页
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by inflammatory synovitis, articular destruction, and accelerated atherogenesis. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) mediate clinically significant vascular risk reduction in patients without inflammatory disease and might have immunomodulatory function. We postulated that statins might reduce inflammatory factors in rheumatoid arthritis and modify surrogates for vascular risk.
2065. Mandatory second opinion to reduce rates of unnecessary caesarean sections in Latin America: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
作者: Fernando Althabe.;José M Belizán.;José Villar.;Sophie Alexander.;Eduardo Bergel.;Silvina Ramos.;Mariana Romero.;Allan Donner.;Gunilla Lindmark.;Ana Langer.;Ubaldo Farnot.;José G Cecatti.;Guillermo Carroli.;Edgar Kestler.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9425期1934-40页
Latin America has a high rate of caesarean sections. We tested the hypothesis that a hospital policy of mandatory second opinion, based on the best existing scientific evidence, reduces the hospital caesarean section rate by 25%, without increasing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
2066. Comparison of surgery and compression with compression alone in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR study): randomised controlled trial.
作者: Jamie R Barwell.;Colin E Davies.;Jane Deacon.;Kate Harvey.;Julia Minor.;Antonio Sassano.;Maxine Taylor.;Jenny Usher.;Clare Wakely.;Jonathan J Earnshaw.;Brian P Heather.;David C Mitchell.;Mark R Whyman.;Keith R Poskitt.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9424期1854-9页
Chronic venous leg ulceration can be managed by compression treatment, elevation of the leg, and exercise. The addition of ablative superficial venous surgery to this strategy has not been shown to affect ulcer healing, but does reduce ulcer recurrence. We aimed to assess healing and recurrence rates after treatment with compression with or without surgery in people with leg ulceration.
2067. Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery in women with short cervix: randomised controlled trial.
作者: Meekai S To.;Zarko Alfirevic.;Victoria C F Heath.;Simona Cicero.;Ana Maria Cacho.;Paula R Williamson.;Kypros H Nicolaides.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9424期1849-53页
Cervical cerclage has been widely used in the past 50 years to prevent early preterm birth and its associated neonatal mortality and morbidity. Results of randomised trials have not generally lent support to this practice, but this absence of benefit may be due to suboptimum patient selection, which was essentially based on obstetric history. A more effective way of identifying the high-risk group for early preterm delivery might be by transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length. We undertook a multicentre randomised controlled trial to investigate whether, in women with a short cervix identified by routine transvaginal scanning at 22-24 weeks' gestation, the insertion of a Shirodkar suture reduces early preterm delivery.
2068. Comparison of chlorproguanil-dapsone with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young African children: double-blind randomised controlled trial.
作者: A Alloueche.;W Bailey.;S Barton.;J Bwika.;P Chimpeni.;C O Falade.;F A Fehintola.;J Horton.;S Jaffar.;T Kanyok.;P G Kremsner.;J G Kublin.;T Lang.;M A Missinou.;C Mkandala.;A M J Oduola.;Z Premji.;L Robertson.;A Sowunmi.;S A Ward.;P A Winstanley.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9424期1843-8页
Increasing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is leading to a decline in its effectiveness. We aimed to assess the safety profile of chlorproguanil-dapsone (CD), and to compare the safety and efficacy of this drug with that of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
2069. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial.
作者: Annemarie E Brouwer.;Adul Rajanuwong.;Wirongrong Chierakul.;George E Griffin.;Robert A Larsen.;Nicholas J White.;Thomas S Harrison.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9423期1764-7页
It frequently takes more than 2 weeks for drug treatments for cryptococcal meningitis to sterilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In-vitro and animal studies lend support to the use of combinations of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcosis. We compared the fungicidal activity of combinations of these drugs for initial treatment of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
2070. Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial.
Awareness is an uncommon complication of anaesthesia, affecting 0.1-0.2% of all surgical patients. Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring measures the depth of anaesthesia and facilitates anaesthetic titration. In this trial we determined whether BIS-guided anaesthesia reduced the incidence of awareness during surgery in adults.
2071. Zinc for severe pneumonia in very young children: double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
作者: W Abdullah Brooks.;M Yunus.;Mathuram Santosham.;M A Wahed.;Kamrun Nahar.;Sultana Yeasmin.;Robert E Black.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9422期1683-8页
Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Early reversal of severity signs--chest indrawing, hypoxia, and tachypnoea--improves outcome. We postulated that zinc, an acute phase reactant, would shorten duration of severe pneumonia and time in hospital.
2072. Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates: primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomised trial.
作者: K J S Anand.;R Whit Hall.;Nirmala Desai.;Barbara Shephard.;Lena L Bergqvist.;Thomas E Young.;Elaine M Boyle.;Ricardo Carbajal.;Vinod K Bhutani.;Mary Beth Moore.;Shari S Kronsberg.;Bruce A Barton.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9422期1673-82页
Opioid analgesia is commonly used during neonatal intensive care. We undertook the Neurologic Outcomes and Pre-emptive Analgesia in Neonates (NEOPAIN) trial to investigate whether pre-emptive morphine analgesia decreases the rate of a composite primary outcome of neonatal death, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), and periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) in preterm neonates.
2073. Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial.
作者: David W Andrews.;Charles B Scott.;Paul W Sperduto.;Adam E Flanders.;Laurie E Gaspar.;Michael C Schell.;Maria Werner-Wasik.;William Demas.;Janice Ryu.;Jean-Paul Bahary.;Luis Souhami.;Marvin Rotman.;Minesh P Mehta.;Walter J Curran.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9422期1665-72页
Brain metastases occur in up to 40% of all patients with systemic cancer. We aimed to assess whether stereotactic radiosurgery provided any therapeutic benefit in a randomised multi-institutional trial directed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG).
2074. Efficacy of rectal artesunate compared with parenteral quinine in initial treatment of moderately severe malaria in African children and adults: a randomised study.
作者: K I Barnes.;J Mwenechanya.;M Tembo.;H McIlleron.;P I Folb.;I Ribeiro.;F Little.;M Gomes.;M E Molyneux.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9421期1598-605页
Many patients with malaria of increasing severity cannot take medicines orally, and delay in injectable treatment can be fatal. We aimed to assess the reliability of absorption, antimalarial efficacy, and tolerability of a single rectal dose of artesunate in the initial management of moderately severe falciparum malaria.
2075. Breastmilk feeding and lipoprotein profile in adolescents born preterm: follow-up of a prospective randomised study.
Breastfeeding is associated with reduced cholesterol concentration later in life, but previous studies have not used random assignment of infant diet with prospective follow-up. We tested the hypothesis that breastmilk feeding benefits the lipoprotein profile in adolescents born preterm, in whom randomisation to different diets at birth is feasible.
2076. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial.
作者: A Halliday.;A Mansfield.;J Marro.;C Peto.;R Peto.;J Potter.;D Thomas.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9420期1491-502页
Among patients with substantial carotid artery narrowing but no recent neurological symptom (stroke or transient ischaemia), the balance of surgical risks and long-term benefits from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was unclear.
2077. Skeletal effects and functional outcome with olpadronate in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: a 2-year randomised placebo-controlled study.
作者: Ralph Sakkers.;Dieke Kok.;Raoul Engelbert.;Alice van Dongen.;Maarten Jansen.;Hans Pruijs.;Ab Verbout.;Dave Schweitzer.;Cuno Uiterwaal.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9419期1427-31页
Non-randomised studies have suggested beneficial effects of bisphosphonates in osteogenesis imperfecta. We assessed the effects of oral olpadronate in children with this disorder in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
2078. Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomised open-label trial, the 2NN Study.
作者: F van Leth.;P Phanuphak.;K Ruxrungtham.;E Baraldi.;S Miller.;B Gazzard.;P Cahn.;U G Lalloo.;I P van der Westhuizen.;D R Malan.;M A Johnson.;B R Santos.;F Mulcahy.;R Wood.;G C Levi.;G Reboredo.;K Squires.;I Cassetti.;D Petit.;F Raffi.;C Katlama.;R L Murphy.;A Horban.;J P Dam.;E Hassink.;R van Leeuwen.;P Robinson.;F W Wit.;J M A Lange.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9417期1253-63页
The 2NN Study was a randomised comparison of the non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) nevirapine and efavirenz.
2079. Laparoscopic resection of rectosigmoid carcinoma: prospective randomised trial.
作者: Ka Lau Leung.;Samuel P Y Kwok.;Steve C W Lam.;Janet F Y Lee.;Raymond Y C Yiu.;Simon S M Ng.;Paul B S Lai.;Wan Yee Lau.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9416期1187-92页
Although laparoscopic resection of colorectal carcinoma improves post-operative recovery, long-term survival and disease control are the determining factors for its application. We aimed to test the null hypothesis that there was no difference in survival after laparoscopic and open resection for rectosigmoid cancer.
2080. Clinical, psychosocial, and economic effects of antenatal day care for three medical complications of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial of 395 women.
作者: Deborah A Turnbull.;Chris Wilkinson.;Karen Gerard.;Marian Shanahan.;Philip Ryan.;Elizabeth C Griffith.;Gillian Kruzins.;Georgina E Stamp.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9415期1104-9页
Day care is increasingly being used for complications of pregnancy, but there is little published evidence on its efficacy. We assessed the clinical, psychosocial, and economic effects of day care for three pregnancy complications in a randomised trial of day care versus standard care on an antenatal ward.
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