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1981. Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomised trial.
作者: R T D Oliver.;M D Mason.;G M Mead.;H von der Maase.;G J S Rustin.;J K Joffe.;R de Wit.;N Aass.;J D Graham.;R Coleman.;S J Kirk.;S P Stenning.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9482期293-300页
Adjuvant radiotherapy is effective treatment for stage I seminoma, but is associated with a risk of late non-germ-cell cancer and cardiovascular events. After good results in initial studies with one injection of carboplatin, we undertook a large randomised trial to compare the approaches of radiotherapy with chemotherapy in seminoma treatment.
1982. Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Stephen P Luby.;Mubina Agboatwalla.;Daniel R Feikin.;John Painter.;Ward Billhimer.;Arshad Altaf.;Robert M Hoekstra.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9481期225-33页
More than 3.5 million children aged less than 5 years die from diarrhoea and acute lower respiratory-tract infection every year. We undertook a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of handwashing promotion with soap on the incidence of acute respiratory infection, impetigo, and diarrhoea.
1983. Music, imagery, touch, and prayer as adjuncts to interventional cardiac care: the Monitoring and Actualisation of Noetic Trainings (MANTRA) II randomised study.
作者: Mitchell W Krucoff.;Suzanne W Crater.;Dianne Gallup.;James C Blankenship.;Michael Cuffe.;Mimi Guarneri.;Richard A Krieger.;Vib R Kshettry.;Kenneth Morris.;Mehmet Oz.;Augusto Pichard.;Michael H Sketch.;Harold G Koenig.;Daniel Mark.;Kerry L Lee.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9481期211-7页
Data from a pilot study suggested that noetic therapies-healing practices that are not mediated by tangible elements-can reduce preprocedural distress and might affect outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. We undertook a multicentre, prospective trial of two such practices: intercessory prayer and music, imagery, and touch (MIT) therapy.
1984. Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: John McIntyre.;Sue Robertson.;Elizabeth Norris.;Richard Appleton.;William P Whitehouse.;Barbara Phillips.;Tim Martland.;Kathleen Berry.;Jacqueline Collier.;Stephanie Smith.;Imti Choonara.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9481期205-10页
Rectal diazepam and buccal midazolam are used for emergency treatment of acute febrile and afebrile (epileptic) seizures in children. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of these drugs.
1985. Acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised trial.
作者: C Witt.;B Brinkhaus.;S Jena.;K Linde.;A Streng.;S Wagenpfeil.;J Hummelsberger.;H U Walther.;D Melchart.;S N Willich.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9480期136-43页
Acupuncture is widely used by patients with chronic pain although there is little evidence of its effectiveness. We investigated the efficacy of acupuncture compared with minimal acupuncture and with no acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
1986. Chloramphenicol treatment for acute infective conjunctivitis in children in primary care: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Peter W Rose.;Anthony Harnden.;Angela B Brueggemann.;Rafael Perera.;Aziz Sheikh.;Derrick Crook.;David Mant.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9479期37-43页
One in eight schoolchildren have an episode of acute infective conjunctivitis every year. Standard clinical practice is to prescribe a topical antibiotic, although the evidence to support this practice is scarce. We undertook a randomised double-blind trial to compare the effectiveness of chloramphenicol eye drops with placebo in children with infective conjunctivitis in primary care.
1987. Endovascular aneurysm repair and outcome in patients unfit for open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR trial 2): randomised controlled trial.
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) to exclude abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was introduced for patients of poor health status considered unfit for major surgery. We instigated EVAR trial 2 to identify whether EVAR improves survival compared with no intervention in patients unfit for open repair of aortic aneurysm.
1988. Endovascular aneurysm repair versus open repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR trial 1): randomised controlled trial.
Although endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has a lower 30-day operative mortality than open repair, the long-term results of EVAR are uncertain. We instigated EVAR trial 1 to compare these two treatments in terms of mortality, durability, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and costs for patients with large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
1989. Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Mark J Taylor.;Williams H Makunde.;Helen F McGarry.;Joseph D Turner.;Sabine Mand.;Achim Hoerauf.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9477期2116-21页
Wolbachia endosymbionts of filarial nematodes are vital for larval development and adult-worm fertility and viability. This essential dependency on the bacterium for survival of the parasites has provided a new approach to treat filariasis with antibiotics. We used this strategy to investigate the effects of doxycycline treatment on the major cause of lymphatic filariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti.
1990. Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: Ken Hillman.;Jack Chen.;Michelle Cretikos.;Rinaldo Bellomo.;Daniel Brown.;Gordon Doig.;Simon Finfer.;Arthas Flabouris.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9477期2091-7页
Patients with cardiac arrests or who die in general wards have often received delayed or inadequate care. We investigated whether the medical emergency team (MET) system could reduce the incidence of cardiac arrests, unplanned admissions to intensive care units (ICU), and deaths.
1991. Comparison of physical treatments versus a brief pain-management programme for back pain in primary care: a randomised clinical trial in physiotherapy practice.
作者: E M Hay.;R Mullis.;M Lewis.;K Vohora.;C J Main.;P Watson.;K S Dziedzic.;J Sim.;C Minns Lowe.;P R Croft.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9476期2024-30页
Recommendations for the management of low back pain in primary care emphasise the importance of recognising and addressing psychosocial factors at an early stage. We compared the effectiveness of a brief pain-management programme with physiotherapy incorporating manual therapy for the reduction of disability at 12 months in patients consulting primary care with subacute low back pain.
1992. Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: A Marson.;A Jacoby.;A Johnson.;L Kim.;C Gamble.;D Chadwick.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9476期2007-13页
The relative risks and benefits of starting or withholding antiepileptic drug treatment in patients with few or infrequent seizures are unclear. We sought to compare policies of immediate versus deferred treatment in such patients and to assess the effects of these policies on short-term recurrence and long-term outcomes.
1993. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months.
作者: Phil Edwards.;Miguel Arango.;Laura Balica.;Rowland Cottingham.;Hesham El-Sayed.;Barbara Farrell.;Janice Fernandes.;Tamar Gogichaisvili.;Nyoman Golden.;Bennie Hartzenberg.;Mazhar Husain.;Mario Izurieta Ulloa.;Zouheir Jerbi.;Hussein Khamis.;Edward Komolafe.;Véronique Laloë.;Gabrielle Lomas.;Silke Ludwig.;Guy Mazairac.;Maria de los Angeles Muñoz Sanchéz.;Luis Nasi.;Fatos Olldashi.;Patrick Plunkett.;Ian Roberts.;Peter Sandercock.;Haleema Shakur.;Caridad Soler.;Reto Stocker.;Petr Svoboda.;Stefan Trenkler.;N K Venkataramana.;Jonathan Wasserberg.;David Yates.;Surakrant Yutthakasemsunt.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9475期1957-9页
MRC CRASH is a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN74459797) of the effect of corticosteroids on death and disability after head injury. We randomly allocated 10,008 adults with head injury and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 or less, within 8 h of injury, to a 48-h infusion of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) or placebo. Data at 6 months were obtained for 9673 (96.7%) patients. The risk of death was higher in the corticosteroid group than in the placebo group (1248 [25.7%] vs 1075 [22.3%] deaths; relative risk 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.24; p=0.0001), as was the risk of death or severe disability (1828 [38.1%] vs 1728 [36.3%] dead or severely disabled; 1.05, 0.99-1.10; p=0.079). There was no evidence that the effect of corticosteroids differed by injury severity or time since injury. These results lend support to our earlier conclusion that corticosteroids should not be used routinely in the treatment of head injury.
1994. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan.;Kunnambath Ramadas.;Gigi Thomas.;Richard Muwonge.;Somanathan Thara.;Babu Mathew.;Balakrishnan Rajan.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9475期1927-33页
Oral cancer is common in men from developing countries, and is increased by tobacco and alcohol use. We aimed to assess the effect of visual screening on oral cancer mortality in a cluster-randomised controlled trial in India.
1995. Effectiveness of an educational intervention delivered through the health services to improve nutrition in young children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: Mary E Penny.;Hilary M Creed-Kanashiro.;Rebecca C Robert.;M Rocio Narro.;Laura E Caulfield.;Robert E Black.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9474期1863-72页
Malnutrition is the underlying cause of half of child mortality. Many programmes attempt to remedy this issue but there is a lack of evidence on effective ways to decrease child malnutrition.
1996. Effectiveness of home visitation by public-health nurses in prevention of the recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Harriet L MacMillan.;B Helen Thomas.;Ellen Jamieson.;Christine A Walsh.;Michael H Boyle.;Harry S Shannon.;Amiram Gafni.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9473期1786-93页
Recurrence of child maltreatment is a major problem, yet little is known about approaches to reduce this risk in families referred to child protection agencies. Since home visitation by nurses for disadvantaged first-time mothers has proven effective in prevention of child abuse and neglect, we aimed to investigate whether this approach might reduce recidivism.
1997. Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial.
作者: Pierre J Guillou.;Philip Quirke.;Helen Thorpe.;Joanne Walker.;David G Jayne.;Adrian M H Smith.;Richard M Heath.;Julia M Brown.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9472期1718-26页
Laparoscopic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer has been widely adopted without data from large-scale randomised trials to support its use. We compared short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer to predict long-term outcomes.
1998. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: A M Grant.;A Avenell.;M K Campbell.;A M McDonald.;G S MacLennan.;G C McPherson.;F H Anderson.;C Cooper.;R M Francis.;C Donaldson.;W J Gillespie.;C M Robinson.;D J Torgerson.;W A Wallace.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9471期1621-8页
Elderly people who have a fracture are at high risk of another. Vitamin D and calcium supplements are often recommended for fracture prevention. We aimed to assess whether vitamin D3 and calcium, either alone or in combination, were effective in prevention of secondary fractures.
1999. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Marc Decramer.;Maureen Rutten-van Mölken.;P N Richard Dekhuijzen.;Thierry Troosters.;Cees van Herwaarden.;Riccardo Pellegrino.;C P Onno van Schayck.;Dario Olivieri.;Mario Del Donno.;Wilfried De Backer.;Ida Lankhorst.;Alfredo Ardia.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9470期1552-60页
Increased oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We postulated that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine would reduce the rate of lung-function decline, reduce yearly exacerbation rate, and improve outcomes.
2000. Amodiaquine alone, amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine+artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine for outpatient treatment of malaria in Tanzanian children: a four-arm randomised effectiveness trial.
作者: Theonest K Mutabingwa.;Devota Anthony.;Archie Heller.;Rachel Hallett.;Jalal Ahmed.;Chris Drakeley.;Brian M Greenwood.;Christopher J M Whitty.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9469期1474-80页
Many countries in Africa are considering a change to combination treatment for falciparum malaria because of the increase in drug resistance. However, there are few effectiveness data for these combinations. Our aim was to study the effectiveness of three drug combinations that have proven efficacious in east Africa compared with amodiaquine monotherapy.
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