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181. Effect of daily aspirin on risk of cancer metastasis: a study of incident cancers during randomised controlled trials.
作者: Peter M Rothwell.;Michelle Wilson.;Jacqueline F Price.;Jill F F Belch.;Tom W Meade.;Ziyah Mehta.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9826期1591-601页
Daily aspirin reduces the long-term incidence of some adenocarcinomas, but effects on mortality due to some cancers appear after only a few years, suggesting that it might also reduce growth or metastasis. We established the frequency of distant metastasis in patients who developed cancer during trials of daily aspirin versus control.
182. Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials.
作者: Peter M Rothwell.;Jacqueline F Price.;F Gerald R Fowkes.;Alberto Zanchetti.;Maria Carla Roncaglioni.;Gianni Tognoni.;Robert Lee.;Jill F F Belch.;Michelle Wilson.;Ziyah Mehta.;Tom W Meade.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9826期1602-12页
Daily aspirin reduces the long-term risk of death due to cancer. However, the short-term effect is less certain, especially in women, effects on cancer incidence are largely unknown, and the time course of risk and benefit in primary prevention is unclear. We studied cancer deaths in all trials of daily aspirin versus control and the time course of effects of low-dose aspirin on cancer incidence and other outcomes in trials in primary prevention.
183. The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis.
作者: .;Daniel I Swerdlow.;Michael V Holmes.;Karoline B Kuchenbaecker.;Jorgen E L Engmann.;Tina Shah.;Reecha Sofat.;Yiran Guo.;Christina Chung.;Anne Peasey.;Roman Pfister.;Simon P Mooijaart.;Helen A Ireland.;Maarten Leusink.;Claudia Langenberg.;Ka Wah Li.;Jutta Palmen.;Philip Howard.;Jackie A Cooper.;Fotios Drenos.;John Hardy.;Michael A Nalls.;Yun Rose Li.;Gordon Lowe.;Marlene Stewart.;Suzette J Bielinski.;Julian Peto.;Nicholas J Timpson.;John Gallacher.;Malcolm Dunlop.;Richard Houlston.;Ian Tomlinson.;Ioanna Tzoulaki.;Jian'an Luan.;Jolanda M A Boer.;Nita G Forouhi.;N Charlotte Onland-Moret.;Yvonne T van der Schouw.;Renate B Schnabel.;Jaroslav A Hubacek.;Ruzena Kubinova.;Migle Baceviciene.;Abdonas Tamosiunas.;Andrzej Pajak.;Roman Topor-Madry.;Sofia Malyutina.;Damiano Baldassarre.;Bengt Sennblad.;Elena Tremoli.;Ulf de Faire.;Luigi Ferrucci.;Stefania Bandenelli.;Toshiko Tanaka.;James F Meschia.;Andrew Singleton.;Gerjan Navis.;Irene Mateo Leach.;Stephan J L Bakker.;Ron T Gansevoort.;Ian Ford.;Stephen E Epstein.;Mary Susan Burnett.;Joe M Devaney.;J Wouter Jukema.;Rudi G J Westendorp.;Gert Jan de Borst.;Yolanda van der Graaf.;Pim A de Jong.;Anke-Hilse Mailand-van der Zee.;Olaf H Klungel.;Anthonius de Boer.;Pieter A Doevendans.;Jeffrey W Stephens.;Charles B Eaton.;Jennifer G Robinson.;JoAnn E Manson.;F Gerry Fowkes.;Timonthy M Frayling.;Jackie F Price.;Peter H Whincup.;Richard W Morris.;Debbie A Lawlor.;George Davey Smith.;Yoav Ben-Shlomo.;Susan Redline.;Leslie A Lange.;Meena Kumari.;Nick J Wareham.;W M Monique Verschuren.;Emelia J Benjamin.;John C Whittaker.;Anders Hamsten.;Frank Dudbridge.;J A Chris Delaney.;Andrew Wong.;Diana Kuh.;Rebecca Hardy.;Berta Almoguera Castillo.;John J Connolly.;Pim van der Harst.;Eric J Brunner.;Michael G Marmot.;Christina L Wassel.;Steve E Humphries.;Philippa J Talmud.;Mika Kivimaki.;Folkert W Asselbergs.;Mikhail Voevoda.;Martin Bobak.;Hynek Pikhart.;James G Wilson.;Hakon Hakonarson.;Alex P Reiner.;Brendan J Keating.;Naveed Sattar.;Aroon D Hingorani.;Juan Pablo Casas.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9822期1214-24页
A high circulating concentration of interleukin 6 is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Blockade of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) with a monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) licensed for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis reduces systemic and articular inflammation. However, whether IL6R blockade also reduces risk of coronary heart disease is unknown.
184. Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies.
作者: .;Nadeem Sarwar.;Adam S Butterworth.;Daniel F Freitag.;John Gregson.;Peter Willeit.;Donal N Gorman.;Pei Gao.;Danish Saleheen.;Augusto Rendon.;Christopher P Nelson.;Peter S Braund.;Alistair S Hall.;Daniel I Chasman.;Anne Tybjærg-Hansen.;John C Chambers.;Emelia J Benjamin.;Paul W Franks.;Robert Clarke.;Arthur A M Wilde.;Mieke D Trip.;Maristella Steri.;Jacqueline C M Witteman.;Lu Qi.;C Ellen van der Schoot.;Ulf de Faire.;Jeanette Erdmann.;Heather M Stringham.;Wolfgang Koenig.;Daniel J Rader.;David Melzer.;David Reich.;Bruce M Psaty.;Marcus E Kleber.;Demosthenes B Panagiotakos.;Johann Willeit.;Patrik Wennberg.;Mark Woodward.;Svetlana Adamovic.;Eric B Rimm.;Tom W Meade.;Richard F Gillum.;Jonathan A Shaffer.;Albert Hofman.;Altan Onat.;Johan Sundström.;Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller.;Dan Mellström.;John Gallacher.;Mary Cushman.;Russell P Tracy.;Jussi Kauhanen.;Magnus Karlsson.;Jukka T Salonen.;Lars Wilhelmsen.;Philippe Amouyel.;Bernard Cantin.;Lyle G Best.;Yoav Ben-Shlomo.;JoAnn E Manson.;George Davey-Smith.;Paul I W de Bakker.;Christopher J O'Donnell.;James F Wilson.;Anthony G Wilson.;Themistocles L Assimes.;John-Olov Jansson.;Claes Ohlsson.;Åsa Tivesten.;Östen Ljunggren.;Muredach P Reilly.;Anders Hamsten.;Erik Ingelsson.;Francois Cambien.;Joseph Hung.;G Neil Thomas.;Michael Boehnke.;Heribert Schunkert.;Folkert W Asselbergs.;John J P Kastelein.;Vilmundur Gudnason.;Veikko Salomaa.;Tamara B Harris.;Jaspal S Kooner.;Kristine H Allin.;Børge G Nordestgaard.;Jemma C Hopewell.;Alison H Goodall.;Paul M Ridker.;Hilma Hólm.;Hugh Watkins.;Willem H Ouwehand.;Nilesh J Samani.;Stephen Kaptoge.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;Olivier Harari.;John Danesh.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9822期1205-13页
Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling.
185. Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
作者: Karen Hughes.;Mark A Bellis.;Lisa Jones.;Sara Wood.;Geoff Bates.;Lindsay Eckley.;Ellie McCoy.;Christopher Mikton.;Tom Shakespeare.;Alana Officer.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9826期1621-9页
About 15% of adults worldwide have a disability. These individuals are frequently reported to be at increased risk of violence, yet quantitative syntheses of studies of this issue are scarce. We aimed to quantify violence against adults with disabilities.
186. Intracoronary versus intravenous bolus abciximab during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a randomised trial.
作者: Holger Thiele.;Jochen Wöhrle.;Rainer Hambrecht.;Harald Rittger.;Ralf Birkemeyer.;Bernward Lauer.;Petra Neuhaus.;Oana Brosteanu.;Peter Sick.;Marcus Wiemer.;Sebastian Kerber.;Klaus Kleinertz.;Ingo Eitel.;Steffen Desch.;Gerhard Schuler.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9819期923-931页
Intracoronary administration of an abciximab bolus during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention results in a high local drug concentration, improved perfusion, and reduction of infarct size compared with intravenous bolus application. However, the safety and efficacy of intracoronary versus standard intravenous bolus application in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing this intervention has not been tested in a large-scale clinical trial.
187. Association of a difference in systolic blood pressure between arms with vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Christopher E Clark.;Rod S Taylor.;Angela C Shore.;Obioha C Ukoumunne.;John L Campbell.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9819期905-914页
Differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 10 mm Hg or more or 15 mm Hg or more between arms have been associated with peripheral vascular disease and attributed to subclavian stenosis. We investigated whether an association exists between this difference and central or peripheral vascular disease, and mortality.
188. Lithium toxicity profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Rebecca F McKnight.;Marc Adida.;Katie Budge.;Sarah Stockton.;Guy M Goodwin.;John R Geddes.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9817期721-8页
Lithium is a widely used and effective treatment for mood disorders. There has been concern about its safety but no adequate synthesis of the evidence for adverse effects. We aimed to undertake a clinically informative, systematic toxicity profile of lithium.
189. Group B streptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3 months: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Karen M Edmond.;Christina Kortsalioudaki.;Susana Scott.;Stephanie J Schrag.;Anita K M Zaidi.;Simon Cousens.;Paul T Heath.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9815期547-56页
Despite widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, group B streptococcus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants in Europe, the Americas, and Australia. However, estimates of disease burden in many countries outside of these regions is not available. We aimed to examine the current global burden of invasive disease and the serotype distribution of group B streptococcus isolates.
190. Comparisons between different polychemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer: meta-analyses of long-term outcome among 100,000 women in 123 randomised trials.
作者: .;R Peto.;C Davies.;J Godwin.;R Gray.;H C Pan.;M Clarke.;D Cutter.;S Darby.;P McGale.;C Taylor.;Y C Wang.;J Bergh.;A Di Leo.;K Albain.;S Swain.;M Piccart.;K Pritchard.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9814期432-44页
Moderate differences in efficacy between adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer are plausible, and could affect treatment choices. We sought any such differences.
191. Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.
作者: Carl Heneghan.;Alison Ward.;Rafael Perera.; .;Clare Bankhead.;Alice Fuller.;Richard Stevens.;Kairen Bradford.;Sally Tyndel.;Pablo Alonso-Coello.;Jack Ansell.;Rebecca Beyth.;Artur Bernardo.;Thomas Decker Christensen.;M E Cromheecke.;Robert G Edson.;David Fitzmaurice.;Alain P A Gadisseur.;Josep M Garcia-Alamino.;Chris Gardiner.;J Michael Hasenkam.;Alan Jacobson.;Scott Kaatz.;Farhad Kamali.;Tayyaba Irfan Khan.;Eve Knight.;Heinrich Körtke.;Marcel Levi.;David Matchar.;Bárbara Menéndez-Jándula.;Ivo Rakovac.;Christian Schaefer.;Andrea Siebenhofer.;Juan Carlos Souto.;Rubina Sunderji.;Kenneth Gin.;Karen Shalansky.;Heinz Völler.;Otto Wagner.;Armin Zittermann.
来源: Lancet. 2012年379卷9813期322-34页
Uptake of self-testing and self-management of oral anticoagulation [corrected] has remained inconsistent, despite good evidence of their effectiveness. To clarify the value of self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation, we did a meta-analysis of individual patient data addressing several important gaps in the evidence, including an estimate of the effect on time to death, first major haemorrhage, and thromboembolism.
192. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Harish Nair.;W Abdullah Brooks.;Mark Katz.;Anna Roca.;James A Berkley.;Shabir A Madhi.;James Mark Simmerman.;Aubree Gordon.;Masatoki Sato.;Stephen Howie.;Anand Krishnan.;Maurice Ope.;Kim A Lindblade.;Phyllis Carosone-Link.;Marilla Lucero.;Walter Ochieng.;Laurie Kamimoto.;Erica Dueger.;Niranjan Bhat.;Sirenda Vong.;Evropi Theodoratou.;Malinee Chittaganpitch.;Osaretin Chimah.;Angel Balmaseda.;Philippe Buchy.;Eva Harris.;Valerie Evans.;Masahiko Katayose.;Bharti Gaur.;Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo.;Doli Goswami.;Wences Arvelo.;Marietjie Venter.;Thomas Briese.;Rafal Tokarz.;Marc-Alain Widdowson.;Anthony W Mounts.;Robert F Breiman.;Daniel R Feikin.;Keith P Klugman.;Sonja J Olsen.;Bradford D Gessner.;Peter F Wright.;Igor Rudan.;Shobha Broor.;Eric A F Simões.;Harry Campbell.
来源: Lancet. 2011年378卷9807期1917-30页
The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from lower respiratory infections associated with influenza in children younger than 5 years.
193. Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials.
作者: .;S Darby.;P McGale.;C Correa.;C Taylor.;R Arriagada.;M Clarke.;D Cutter.;C Davies.;M Ewertz.;J Godwin.;R Gray.;L Pierce.;T Whelan.;Y Wang.;R Peto.
来源: Lancet. 2011年378卷9804期1707-16页
After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy reduces recurrence and breast cancer death, but it may do so more for some groups of women than for others. We describe the absolute magnitude of these reductions according to various prognostic and other patient characteristics, and relate the absolute reduction in 15-year risk of breast cancer death to the absolute reduction in 10-year recurrence risk.
195. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis.
作者: Andrea Cipriani.;Corrado Barbui.;Georgia Salanti.;Jennifer Rendell.;Rachel Brown.;Sarah Stockton.;Marianna Purgato.;Loukia M Spineli.;Guy M Goodwin.;John R Geddes.
来源: Lancet. 2011年378卷9799期1306-15页
Conventional meta-analyses have shown inconsistent results for efficacy of pharmacological treatments for acute mania. We did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, which accounted for both direct and indirect comparisons, to assess the effects of all antimanic drugs.
196. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Prevalence of smoking is increasing in women in some populations and is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Whether smoking confers the same excess risk of coronary heart disease for women as it does for men is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of smoking on coronary heart disease in women compared with men after accounting for sex differences in other major risk factors.
197. Effect modification by population dietary folate on the association between MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of genetic studies and randomised trials.
作者: Michael V Holmes.;Paul Newcombe.;Jaroslav A Hubacek.;Reecha Sofat.;Sally L Ricketts.;Jackie Cooper.;Monique M B Breteler.;Leonelo E Bautista.;Pankaj Sharma.;John C Whittaker.;Liam Smeeth.;F Gerald R Fowkes.;Ale Algra.;Veronika Shmeleva.;Zoltan Szolnoki.;Mark Roest.;Michael Linnebank.;Jeppe Zacho.;Michael A Nalls.;Andrew B Singleton.;Luigi Ferrucci.;John Hardy.;Bradford B Worrall.;Stephen S Rich.;Mar Matarin.;Paul E Norman.;Leon Flicker.;Osvaldo P Almeida.;Frank M van Bockxmeer.;Hiroshi Shimokata.;Kay-Tee Khaw.;Nicholas J Wareham.;Martin Bobak.;Jonathan A C Sterne.;George Davey Smith.;Philippa J Talmud.;Cornelia van Duijn.;Steve E Humphries.;Jackie F Price.;Shah Ebrahim.;Debbie A Lawlor.;Graeme J Hankey.;James F Meschia.;Manjinder S Sandhu.;Aroon D Hingorani.;Juan P Casas.
来源: Lancet. 2011年378卷9791期584-94页
The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
198. Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials.
作者: .;C Davies.;J Godwin.;R Gray.;M Clarke.;D Cutter.;S Darby.;P McGale.;H C Pan.;C Taylor.;Y C Wang.;M Dowsett.;J Ingle.;R Peto.
来源: Lancet. 2011年378卷9793期771-84页
As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.
199. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Vicki Flenady.;Laura Koopmans.;Philippa Middleton.;J Frederik Frøen.;Gordon C Smith.;Kristen Gibbons.;Michael Coory.;Adrienne Gordon.;David Ellwood.;Harold David McIntyre.;Ruth Fretts.;Majid Ezzati.
来源: Lancet. 2011年377卷9774期1331-40页
Stillbirth rates in high-income countries have shown little or no improvement over the past two decades. Prevention strategies that target risk factors could be important in rate reduction. This systematic review and meta-analysis was done to identify priority areas for stillbirth prevention relevant to those countries.
200. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies.
作者: .;David Wormser.;Stephen Kaptoge.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;Angela M Wood.;Lisa Pennells.;Alex Thompson.;Nadeem Sarwar.;Jorge R Kizer.;Debbie A Lawlor.;Børge G Nordestgaard.;Paul Ridker.;Veikko Salomaa.;June Stevens.;Mark Woodward.;Naveed Sattar.;Rory Collins.;Simon G Thompson.;Gary Whitlock.;John Danesh.
来源: Lancet. 2011年377卷9771期1085-95页
Guidelines differ about the value of assessment of adiposity measures for cardiovascular disease risk prediction when information is available for other risk factors. We studied the separate and combined associations of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease.
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