We describe disease progression in patients from the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS; NCT03189875), investigating differences by baseline interferon gene signature (IFNGS) status.

Few data are available regarding the functional prognosis of adults with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). We developed and validated a prognostic model for 12-month functional independence in adults with PCNSV.

This study aimed to compare drug retention rates according to the baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).

This study examines how exosomal miR-132-3p from M1 macrophages contributes to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated DAH and the molecular mechanisms involved.

To evaluate the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD).

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with an insufficient response to conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), both biological DMARDs and low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoids are effective treatment options. However, direct comparative evidence on their relative effectiveness and safety is lacking.

To compare incidence, risk factors and outcomes for interstitial lung disease (ILD) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and controls.

While biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) improve mental status in RA patients with high disease activity, their effects after achieving low disease activity (LDA) or remission are unclear. We compared the effectiveness of b/tsDMARDs on mental status in RA patients who had reached treatment targets.

Evidence evaluating effectiveness of biologic and targeted synthetic (b/ts) DMARDs in adults with PsA after exposure to ≥ 3 b/tsDMARDs is lacking. We aimed to evaluate response to sequential lines of b/tsDMARDs.

To assess the impact of chronic inflammatory burden on the risk of aortic valve outcomes and atrioventricular block (AVB) in spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) alterations have been described in autoimmune inflammatory myopathies (AIM). This study aimed to describe NVC abnormalities in AIM subsets using a clinico-sero-pathological approach.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a complex inflammatory skin disease that presents either in isolation or as a frequent manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CLE subtypes show clinical heterogeneity and varying associations with SLE. Histologically, CLE is characterized by interface dermatitis, a reaction pattern that involves immune-cell infiltration of the dermo-epidermal junction. In-depth characterization of both non-lesional and lesional lupus skin has reshaped our understanding of pathogenesis. Non-lesional and lesional lupus skin exhibits early and chronic upregulation of type I interferons, which drive photosensitivity, myeloid-cell recruitment and amplification of cytokine responses in both immune and non-immune cells. This detailed understanding of CLE biology has enabled the development of targeted therapies. Ongoing research to identify key pathogenic mechanisms will create opportunities for prevention of CLE and CLE-to-SLE transition.

We estimated the frequency of catastrophic healthcare expenditure(CHE), and their determinants in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare, chronic, large-vessel vasculitis that primarily targets the aorta and its major branches, leading to vascular stenosis, occlusion and aneurysm formation. TAK, which is characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the arterial wall, predominantly affects women, with peak onset typically occurring between 20 and 40 years of age. The disease exhibits substantial geographic variability in prevalence, with emerging evidence suggesting that these differences are partly owing to variations in genetic susceptibility loci, particularly within immune-related genes; however, the role of environmental factors in the disease aetiology remains poorly understood. Non-invasive imaging techniques have become central to both diagnosis and disease monitoring. Furthermore, the development of biomarkers holds promise for more accurate assessment of disease activity. The management of TAK is evolving, driven by an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis. The growing use of biologic agents is providing new treatment options, particularly for patients with refractory or relapsing disease. By integrating these developments, this Review is aimed at serving as a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers dedicated to improving the understanding and management of TAK.

Hip fractures cause major morbidity, mortality and long-term disability among older persons worldwide. The World Health Organization has defined two key indicators within the framework of the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing to measure health system performance in providing care for older adults with hip fractures: the proportion who receive surgery within 48 h of fracture; and the proportion who receive pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis post-fracture. This Perspective article, which describes the clinical importance of these indicators, their amenability for adoption and implications for health equity, is based on findings from audits, guidelines and key literature. Numerous evidence-based solutions - for example, fracture liaison services, orhtogeriatric care models and digital tools support hip-fracture management, yet major barriers remain, such as data gaps, system preparedness and pathway variability. New or modified policies developed by national governments, ministries of health and other relevant authorities and tailored to specific geopolitical contexts are urgently needed to enable the implementation of timely surgical care and secondary fracture prevention strategies aligned with the WHO indicators. Improved health information systems to measure performance and to ensure translation to real-world changes in the lives of older people worldwide are of paramount importance.