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1. Intravenous Rehydration for Severe Acute Malnutrition with Gastroenteritis.
作者: Kathryn Maitland.;San Maurice Ouattara.;Hadiza Sainna.;Abdullahi Chara.;Oluwakemi F Ogundipe.;Temmy Sunyoto.;M Hamaluba.;Peter Olupot-Olupot.;Florence Alaroker.;Roisin Connon.;Amadou Saidou Maguina.;William Okiror.;Denis Amorut.;Eric Mwajombo.;Emmanuel Oguda.;Christabel Mogaka.;Céline Langendorf.;Juan Emmanuel Dewez.;Iza Ciglenecki.;Diana M Gibb.;Matthew E Coldiron.;Roberta Petrucci.;Elizabeth C George.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年
International recommendations advise against the use of intravenous rehydration therapy in children with severe acute malnutrition because of the concern about fluid overload, but evidence to support this concern is lacking. Given the high mortality associated with the current recommendations, the adoption of intravenous rehydration strategies might improve outcomes.
2. Bedaquiline Activity against Leprosy.
作者: Abdoulaye Fomba.;Fadima C Haidara.;Mamoudou Kodio.;Catherine Arama.;Emmanuelle Cambau.;Aurélie Chauffour.;Nicolas Veziris.;Bettina E Broeckling.;Alaine K Warren.;Bertrand Cauchoix.;Alexandre Alcaïs.;Laurent Marsollier.;Henri Assé.;Mary Jackson.;Samba Ousmane Sow.;Ousmane Faye.;Vincent Jarlier.;Stewart T Cole.;Charlotte Avanzi.;Alexandra Aubry.;Roch C Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷21期2174-2176页 3. Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa.
作者: Victor Musiime.;Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi.;Alexander J Szubert.;Vivian Mumbiro.;Hilda A Mujuru.;Cissy M Kityo.;Abbas Lugemwa.;Katja Doerholt.;Chishala Chabala.;Shafic Makumbi.;Veronica Mulenga.;Helen McIlleron.;David Burger.;Eva Natukunda.;Clare Shakeshaft.;Kyomuhendo Jovia Linda.;Kusum Nathoo.;Lara Monkiewicz.;Ibrahim Yawe.;Monica Kapasa.;Mary Nyathi.;Joyce Lungu.;Bwendo Nduna.;Wedu Ndebele.;Annabelle South.;Mwate Mwamabazi.;Godfrey Musoro.;Anna Griffiths.;Khozya Zyambo.;Rashidah Nazzinda.;Kevin Zimba.;Yingying Zhang.;Simon Walker.;Anna Turkova.;A Sarah Walker.;Alasdair Bamford.;Diana M Gibb.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷19期1917-1932页
Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have limited options for second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).
4. Loss of Subsidized Drug Coverage and Mortality among Medicare Beneficiaries.
作者: Eric T Roberts.;Jessica Phelan.;Aaron L Schwartz.;Ellen Meara.;Dominic Ruggiero.;Lilly Estenson.;Rachel M Werner.;José F Figueroa.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷20期2025-2034页
A total of 14 million Medicare beneficiaries receive the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS), which reduces cost sharing in Medicare Part D. Losing the LIS may impede medication access and affect mortality.
5. BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
作者: Alexander C Schmidt.;Lee Fairlie.;Elizabeth Hellström.;Angelique Luabeya Kany Kany.;Keren Middelkoop.;Kogieleum Naidoo.;Gonasagrie Nair.;Anele Gela.;Elisa Nemes.;Thomas J Scriba.;Amy Cinar.;Nicole Frahm.;Robin Mogg.;David Kaufman.;Michael W Dunne.;Mark Hatherill.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷18期1789-1800页
In a previous phase 2 trial, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination was not shown to provide protection from primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but prevented sustained M. tuberculosis infection, defined by an initial conversion on a QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) test (an interferon-γ release assay) from negative to positive, followed by two additional positive QFT tests at 3 and 6 months after the initial conversion (a secondary end point). A vaccine efficacy of 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 68) was observed.
7. Tumor-Infiltrating Clonal Hematopoiesis.
作者: Oriol Pich.;Elsa Bernard.;Maria Zagorulya.;Andrew Rowan.;Constandina Pospori.;Ramy Slama.;Hector Huerga Encabo.;Jennifer O'Sullivan.;Despoina Papazoglou.;Panayiotis Anastasiou.;Chrysante S Iliakis.;Sally-Ann Clark.;Krijn K Dijkstra.;Vittorio Barbè.;Chris Bailey.;Aaron J Stonestrom.;Katey S S Enfield.;Mary Green.;Charlotte K Brierley.;Alastair Magness.;David R Pearce.;Robert E Hynds.;Rija Zaidi.;Jayant K Rane.;Ángel F Álvarez-Prado.;Kerstin Thol.;Rachel Scott.;Supreet Kaur Bola.;Elena Hoxha.;Steve K Harris.;Karl S Peggs.;Sergio A Quezada.;Allan Hackshaw.;Simone Zaccaria.;Johanna A Joyce.;Ilaria Malanchi.;Michael F Berger.;Mariam Jamal-Hanjani.;Andreas Wack.;Julian Downward.;William Grey.;Cristina Lo Celso.;Eva Grönroos.;Charles M Rudin.;Adam J Mead.;Dominique Bonnet.;Elli Papaemmanuil.;Charles Swanton.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷16期1594-1608页
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-related condition associated with increased mortality among patients with cancer. CHIP mutations with high variant-allele frequencies can be detected in tumors, a phenomenon we term tumor-infiltrating clonal hematopoiesis (TI-CH). The frequency of TI-CH and its effect on tumor evolution are unclear.
8. Tecovirimat for Clade I MPXV Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
作者: .;Rosine Ali.;Jules Alonga.;Jean-Luc Biampata.;Michael Kombozi Basika.;Irina Maljkovic Berry.;Nella Bisento.;Emily Blum.;Tyler Bonnett.;Katherine Cone.;Ian Crozier.;Richard Davey.;Ali Dilu.;Lori E Dodd.;Iman Gulati.;Dennis Hruby.;Augustin Ibanda.;Francis Isse.;Sylva Sivasingana Kasareka.;Gaby Kayembe.;Richard Kojan.;Esaie Kindombe Luzolo.;H Clifford Lane.;Leader Lawanga.;Laurens Liesenborghs.;Claude Shosongo Lunghe.;Yves Lula.;Mariano Lusakibanza.;Gaston Tona Lutete.;Placide Mbala-Kingebeni.;Alejandra Miranda.;Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka.;Gael Mukendi.;Patrick Mutombo Lupola.;Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum.;Robin Ndungunu.;Bruce Nganga.;Nsengi Ntamabyaliro.;Veronique Nussenblatt.;Imoite Omulepu.;John Omalokoho Onosomba.;Michael Proschan.;Kevin Rubenstein.;Inga Saknite.;Adam Schechner.;Kathryn Shaw-Saliba.;Billy Sivahera.;Mary Smolskis.;Amy Tillman.;Eric Tkaczyk.;Celestin Tshimanga.;Olivier Tshiani Mbaya.;Antoine Tshomba.;Freddy Yemba Unda Tshomba.;David Vallee.;Susan Vogel.;Shera Weyers.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷15期1484-1496页
Tecovirimat is available for the treatment of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in Europe and the United States, on the basis of findings from efficacy studies in animals and safety evaluations in healthy humans. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials of safety and efficacy in patients with mpox is lacking.
9. Assessment of a Polygenic Risk Score in Screening for Prostate Cancer.
作者: Jana K McHugh.;Elizabeth K Bancroft.;Edward Saunders.;Mark N Brook.;Eva McGrowder.;Sarah Wakerell.;Denzil James.;Reshma Rageevakumar.;Barbara Benton.;Natalie Taylor.;Kathryn Myhill.;Matthew Hogben.;Netty Kinsella.;Aslam A Sohaib.;Declan Cahill.;Stephen Hazell.;Samuel J Withey.;Naami Mcaddy.;Elizabeth C Page.;Andrea Osborne.;Sarah Benafif.;Ann-Britt Jones.;Dhruv Patel.;Dean Y Huang.;Kaljit Kaur.;Bradley Russell.;Ray Nicholson.;Fionnuala Croft.;Justyna Sobczak.;Claire McNally.;Fiona Mutch.;Samantha Bennett.;Lenita Kingston.;Questa Karlsson.;Tokhir Dadaev.;Sibel Saya.;Susan Merson.;Angela Wood.;Nening Dennis.;Nafisa Hussain.;Alison Thwaites.;Syed Hussain.;Imran Rafi.;Michelle Ferris.;Pardeep Kumar.;Nicholas D James.;Nora Pashayan.;Zsofia Kote-Jarai.;Rosalind A Eeles.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷14期1406-1417页
The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing. Screening with an assay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has a high rate for false positive results. Genomewide association studies have identified common germline variants in persons with prostate cancer, which can be used to calculate a polygenic risk score associated with risk of prostate cancer.
10. Modest Blood Pressure Increase with Age in Adults with Down's Syndrome.
作者: Andrea Kelly.;Meghan Shirley Bezerra.;Kate Fitzpatrick.;Kat Adams.;Ahtish Arputhan.;Rachel Walega.;Patricia Y Chu.;John Cockcroft.;Raymond R Townsend.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷13期1346-1348页 11. The Genetic Architecture of Congenital Diarrhea and Enteropathy.
作者: Zeenat Gaibee.;Neil Warner.;Katlynn Bugda Gwilt.;Wenjuan Li.;Rei Guan.;Michael Yourshaw.;Ryder Whittaker Hawkins.;Christiane Zorbas.;Jonathan St-Germain.;Mahdi Tabatabaie.;Suli Mao.;Vered Pinsk.;Baruch Yerushalmi.;Lee-Kai Wang.;Stanley F Nelson.;Laura Wozniak.;Dror S Shouval.;Manar Matar.;Amit Assa.;Nathaniel Frost.;Lissette Jimenez.;Sari Acra.;Thomas Walters.;Stephen Mouat.;Michael Li.;Denis L J Lafontaine.;Matthew Tyska.;Brian Raught.;Yaron Avitzur.;Wayne I Lencer.;James R Goldenring.;Martín G Martín.;Jay R Thiagarajah.;Aleixo M Muise.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷13期1297-1309页
Next-generation sequencing has enabled precision therapeutic approaches that have improved the lives of children with rare diseases. Congenital diarrhea and enteropathies (CODEs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although treatment of these disorders is largely supportive, emerging targeted therapies based on genetic diagnoses include specific diets, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical interventions.
12. Incidence of Scrub Typhus in Rural South India.
作者: Carol Devamani.;Neal Alexander.;Daniel Chandramohan.;John Stenos.;Mary Cameron.;Kundavaram P P Abhilash.;Punam Mangtani.;Stuart Blacksell.;Huong Thi Thu Vu.;Winsley Rose.;Wolf-Peter Schmidt.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1089-1099页
Hospital studies suggest that scrub typhus is a leading cause of severe undifferentiated fever in regions across Asia where the disease is endemic, but the population-based incidence of infection and illness has been little studied.
14. Low-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccine in Adults in Africa.
作者: Derick Kimathi.;Aitana Juan-Giner.;Ndeye S Bob.;Benedict Orindi.;Maria L Namulwana.;Antoine Diatta.;Stanley Cheruiyot.;Gamou Fall.;Moussa Dia.;Mainga M Hamaluba.;Dan Nyehangane.;Henry K Karanja.;John N Gitonga.;Daisy Mugo.;Donwilliams O Omuoyo.;Mwatasa Hussein.;Elizaphan Oloo.;Naomi Kamau.;Jackline Wafula.;Josephine Bendera.;Namanya Silvester.;James Mwavita.;Musiimenta Joshua.;Jane Mwendwa.;Collins Agababyona.;Caroline Ngetsa.;Nalusaji Aisha.;Felix Moki.;Titus Buluku.;Marianne Munene.;Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire.;Julius Lutwama.;John Kayiwa.;Eunice Kamaara.;Alan D Barrett.;Pontiano Kaleebu.;Philip Bejon.;Amadou A Sall.;Rebecca F Grais.;George M Warimwe.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷8期788-797页
Yellow fever vaccine is highly effective with a single dose, but vaccine supply is limited. The minimum dose requirements for seroconversion remain unknown.
15. Pulse Oximetry and Skin Tone in Children.
作者: Joseph R Starnes.;Wendi Welch.;Christopher C Henderson.;Stephen Hudson.;Scott Risney.;George T Nicholson.;Thomas P Doyle.;Dana R Janssen.;Bevan P Londergan.;David A Parra.;James C Slaughter.;Muktar H Aliyu.;John A Graves.;Jonathan H Soslow.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷10期1033-1034页 16. Identifying and Targeting TNF Signaling in Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman's Disease.
作者: Melanie D Mumau.;Michael V Gonzalez.;Chunyu Ma.;Abiola H Irvine.;Mateo Sarmiento Bustamante.;Saishravan Shyamsundar.;Luke Y C Chen.;David Koslicki.;David C Fajgenbaum.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期616-618页 17. CD4+ T-Cell Lymphoma Harboring a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Integration in TP53.
作者: Karlo Perica.;Nayan Jain.;Michael Scordo.;Ruchi Patel.;Ozgur Can Eren.;Utsav Patel.;Gunes Gundem.;Dylan Domenico.;Sneha Mitra.;Nicholas D Socci.;John K Everett.;Aoife M Roche.;Angelina Petrichenko.;Gunjan L Shah.;Maria E Arcila.;Laetitia Borsu.;Jae H Park.;Steven M Horwitz.;Sergio A Giralt.;Ahmet Dogan.;Christina Leslie.;Elli Papaemmanuil.;Frederic D Bushman.;Saad Z Usmani.;Michel Sadelain.;Sham Mailankody.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期577-583页
Malignant T-cell transformation after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been described, but the contribution of CAR integration to oncogenesis is not clear. Here we report a case of a T-cell lymphoma harboring a lentiviral integration in a known tumor suppressor, TP53, which developed in a patient with multiple myeloma after B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T-cell therapy.
18. Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.
作者: Alison M Schram.;Koichi Goto.;Dong-Wan Kim.;Teresa Macarulla.;Antoine Hollebecque.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou.;Jordi Rodon.;Sun Young Rha.;Kazumi Nishino.;Michaël Duruisseaux.;Joon Oh Park.;Cindy Neuzillet.;Stephen V Liu.;Benjamin A Weinberg.;James M Cleary.;Emiliano Calvo.;Kumiko Umemoto.;Misako Nagasaka.;Christoph Springfeld.;Tanios Bekaii-Saab.;Grainne M O'Kane.;Frans Opdam.;Kim A Reiss.;Andrew K Joe.;Ernesto Wasserman.;Viktoriya Stalbovskaya.;Jim Ford.;Shola Adeyemi.;Lokesh Jain.;Shekeab Jauhari.;Alexander Drilon.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期566-576页
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions are recurrent oncogenic drivers found in multiple solid tumors. NRG1 binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), leading to heterodimerization with HER2 and activation of downstream growth and proliferation pathways. The efficacy and safety of zenocutuzumab, a bispecific antibody against HER2 and HER3, in patients with NRG1 fusion-positive solid tumors are unclear.
20. Acquired Osteomalacia Associated with Autoantibodies against PHEX.
作者: Yoshitomo Hoshino.;Kazuo Okamoto.;Tomohiro Ogawa.;Hajime Kato.;Koki Irie.;So Watanabe.;Soichiro Kimura.;Naoko Hidaka.;Yuka Kinoshita.;Hiroshi Kobayashi.;Daisuke Hagiwara.;Masakazu Kogawa.;Hiroshi Takayanagi.;Sakae Tanaka.;Masaomi Nangaku.;Noriko Makita.;Peter D Burbelo.;Taku Saito.;Nobuaki Ito.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期513-515页 |