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1. Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.
作者: .;Christina Magnussen.;Francisco M Ojeda.;Darryl P Leong.;Jesus Alegre-Diaz.;Philippe Amouyel.;Larissa Aviles-Santa.;Dirk De Bacquer.;Christie M Ballantyne.;Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz.;Martin Bobak.;Hermann Brenner.;Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco.;James de Lemos.;Annette Dobson.;Marcus Dörr.;Chiara Donfrancesco.;Wojciech Drygas.;Robin P Dullaart.;Gunnar Engström.;Marco M Ferrario.;Jean Ferrières.;Giovanni de Gaetano.;Uri Goldbourt.;Clicerio Gonzalez.;Guido Grassi.;Allison M Hodge.;Kristian Hveem.;Licia Iacoviello.;M Kamran Ikram.;Vilma Irazola.;Modou Jobe.;Pekka Jousilahti.;Pontiano Kaleebu.;Maryam Kavousi.;Frank Kee.;Davood Khalili.;Wolfgang Koenig.;Anna Kontsevaya.;Kari Kuulasmaa.;Karl J Lackner.;David M Leistner.;Lars Lind.;Allan Linneberg.;Thiess Lorenz.;Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken.;Reza Malekzadeh.;Sofia Malyutina.;Ellisiv B Mathiesen.;Olle Melander.;Andres Metspalu.;J Jaime Miranda.;Marie Moitry.;Joseph Mugisha.;Mahdi Nalini.;Vijay Nambi.;Toshiharu Ninomiya.;Karen Oppermann.;Eleonora d'Orsi.;Andrzej Pająk.;Luigi Palmieri.;Demosthenes Panagiotakos.;Arokiasamy Perianayagam.;Annette Peters.;Hossein Poustchi.;Andrew M Prentice.;Eva Prescott.;Ulf Risérus.;Veikko Salomaa.;Susana Sans.;Satoko Sakata.;Ben Schöttker.;Aletta E Schutte.;Sadaf G Sepanlou.;Sanjib Kumar Sharma.;Jonathan E Shaw.;Leon A Simons.;Stefan Söderberg.;Abdonas Tamosiunas.;Barbara Thorand.;Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe.;Raphael Twerenbold.;Diego Vanuzzo.;Giovanni Veronesi.;Julia Waibel.;S Goya Wannamethee.;Masafumi Watanabe.;Philipp S Wild.;Yao Yao.;Yi Zeng.;Andreas Ziegler.;Stefan Blankenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷14期1273-1285页
Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease and death from any cause. Studies using individual-level data to evaluate the regional and sex-specific prevalence of the risk factors and their effect on these outcomes are lacking.
2. 20-Year Risks of Breast-Cancer Recurrence after Stopping Endocrine Therapy at 5 Years.
作者: Hongchao Pan.;Richard Gray.;Jeremy Braybrooke.;Christina Davies.;Carolyn Taylor.;Paul McGale.;Richard Peto.;Kathleen I Pritchard.;Jonas Bergh.;Mitch Dowsett.;Daniel F Hayes.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2017年377卷19期1836-1846页
The administration of endocrine therapy for 5 years substantially reduces recurrence rates during and after treatment in women with early-stage, estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Extending such therapy beyond 5 years offers further protection but has additional side effects. Obtaining data on the absolute risk of subsequent distant recurrence if therapy stops at 5 years could help determine whether to extend treatment.
3. Early, Goal-Directed Therapy for Septic Shock - A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.
作者: .;Kathryn M Rowan.;Derek C Angus.;Michael Bailey.;Amber E Barnato.;Rinaldo Bellomo.;Ruth R Canter.;Timothy J Coats.;Anthony Delaney.;Elizabeth Gimbel.;Richard D Grieve.;David A Harrison.;Alisa M Higgins.;Belinda Howe.;David T Huang.;John A Kellum.;Paul R Mouncey.;Edvin Music.;Sandra L Peake.;Francis Pike.;Michael C Reade.;M Zia Sadique.;Mervyn Singer.;Donald M Yealy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2017年376卷23期2223-2234页
After a single-center trial and observational studies suggesting that early, goal-directed therapy (EGDT) reduced mortality from septic shock, three multicenter trials (ProCESS, ARISE, and ProMISe) showed no benefit. This meta-analysis of individual patient data from the three recent trials was designed prospectively to improve statistical power and explore heterogeneity of treatment effect of EGDT.
4. Kidney-Failure Risk Projection for the Living Kidney-Donor Candidate.
作者: Morgan E Grams.;Yingying Sang.;Andrew S Levey.;Kunihiro Matsushita.;Shoshana Ballew.;Alex R Chang.;Eric K H Chow.;Bertram L Kasiske.;Csaba P Kovesdy.;Girish N Nadkarni.;Varda Shalev.;Dorry L Segev.;Josef Coresh.;Krista L Lentine.;Amit X Garg.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年374卷5期411-21页
Evaluation of candidates to serve as living kidney donors relies on screening for individual risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To support an empirical approach to donor selection, we developed a tool that simultaneously incorporates multiple health characteristics to estimate a person's probable long-term risk of ESRD if that person does not donate a kidney.
6. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function.
作者: Michael G Shlipak.;Kunihiro Matsushita.;Johan Ärnlöv.;Lesley A Inker.;Ronit Katz.;Kevan R Polkinghorne.;Dietrich Rothenbacher.;Mark J Sarnak.;Brad C Astor.;Josef Coresh.;Andrew S Levey.;Ron T Gansevoort.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年369卷10期932-43页
Adding the measurement of cystatin C to that of serum creatinine to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improves accuracy, but the effect on detection, staging, and risk classification of chronic kidney disease across diverse populations has not been determined.
7. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis.
作者: George Thanassoulis.;Catherine Y Campbell.;David S Owens.;J Gustav Smith.;Albert V Smith.;Gina M Peloso.;Kathleen F Kerr.;Sonali Pechlivanis.;Matthew J Budoff.;Tamara B Harris.;Rajeev Malhotra.;Kevin D O'Brien.;Pia R Kamstrup.;Børge G Nordestgaard.;Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen.;Matthew A Allison.;Thor Aspelund.;Michael H Criqui.;Susan R Heckbert.;Shih-Jen Hwang.;Yongmei Liu.;Marketa Sjogren.;Jesper van der Pals.;Hagen Kälsch.;Thomas W Mühleisen.;Markus M Nöthen.;L Adrienne Cupples.;Muriel Caslake.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;John Danesh.;Jerome I Rotter.;Sigurdur Sigurdsson.;Quenna Wong.;Raimund Erbel.;Sekar Kathiresan.;Olle Melander.;Vilmundur Gudnason.;Christopher J O'Donnell.;Wendy S Post.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年368卷6期503-12页
Limited information is available regarding genetic contributions to valvular calcification, which is an important precursor of clinical valve disease.
8. TREM2 variants in Alzheimer's disease.
作者: Rita Guerreiro.;Aleksandra Wojtas.;Jose Bras.;Minerva Carrasquillo.;Ekaterina Rogaeva.;Elisa Majounie.;Carlos Cruchaga.;Celeste Sassi.;John S K Kauwe.;Steven Younkin.;Lilinaz Hazrati.;John Collinge.;Jennifer Pocock.;Tammaryn Lashley.;Julie Williams.;Jean-Charles Lambert.;Philippe Amouyel.;Alison Goate.;Rosa Rademakers.;Kevin Morgan.;John Powell.;Peter St George-Hyslop.;Andrew Singleton.;John Hardy.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年368卷2期117-27页
Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in TREM2, encoding the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 protein, have previously been associated with an autosomal recessive form of early-onset dementia.
9. A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention.
作者: Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari.;Walter C Willett.;Endel J Orav.;Paul Lips.;Pierre J Meunier.;Ronan A Lyons.;Leon Flicker.;John Wark.;Rebecca D Jackson.;Jane A Cauley.;Haakon E Meyer.;Michael Pfeifer.;Kerrie M Sanders.;Hannes B Stähelin.;Robert Theiler.;Bess Dawson-Hughes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2012年367卷1期40-9页
The results of meta-analyses examining the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and fracture reduction have been inconsistent.
10. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors.
作者: Markus Juonala.;Costan G Magnussen.;Gerald S Berenson.;Alison Venn.;Trudy L Burns.;Matthew A Sabin.;Sathanur R Srinivasan.;Stephen R Daniels.;Patricia H Davis.;Wei Chen.;Cong Sun.;Michael Cheung.;Jorma S A Viikari.;Terence Dwyer.;Olli T Raitakari.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2011年365卷20期1876-85页
Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.
11. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men.
作者: Dariush Mozaffarian.;Tao Hao.;Eric B Rimm.;Walter C Willett.;Frank B Hu.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2011年364卷25期2392-404页
Specific dietary and other lifestyle behaviors may affect the success of the straightforward-sounding strategy "eat less and exercise more" for preventing long-term weight gain.
14. Genomewide association studies of stroke.
作者: M Arfan Ikram.;Sudha Seshadri.;Joshua C Bis.;Myriam Fornage.;Anita L DeStefano.;Yurii S Aulchenko.;Stephanie Debette.;Thomas Lumley.;Aaron R Folsom.;Evita G van den Herik.;Michiel J Bos.;Alexa Beiser.;Mary Cushman.;Lenore J Launer.;Eyal Shahar.;Maksim Struchalin.;Yangchun Du.;Nicole L Glazer.;Wayne D Rosamond.;Fernando Rivadeneira.;Margaret Kelly-Hayes.;Oscar L Lopez.;Josef Coresh.;Albert Hofman.;Charles DeCarli.;Susan R Heckbert.;Peter J Koudstaal.;Qiong Yang.;Nicholas L Smith.;Carlos S Kase.;Kenneth Rice.;Talin Haritunians.;Gerwin Roks.;Paul L M de Kort.;Kent D Taylor.;Lonneke M de Lau.;Ben A Oostra.;Andre G Uitterlinden.;Jerome I Rotter.;Eric Boerwinkle.;Bruce M Psaty.;Thomas H Mosley.;Cornelia M van Duijn.;Monique M B Breteler.;W T Longstreth.;Philip A Wolf.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2009年360卷17期1718-28页
The genes underlying the risk of stroke in the general population remain undetermined.
15. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy.
作者: Erick H Turner.;Annette M Matthews.;Eftihia Linardatos.;Robert A Tell.;Robert Rosenthal.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2008年358卷3期252-60页
Evidence-based medicine is valuable to the extent that the evidence base is complete and unbiased. Selective publication of clinical trials--and the outcomes within those trials--can lead to unrealistic estimates of drug effectiveness and alter the apparent risk-benefit ratio.
16. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
Rosiglitazone is widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
17. Analysis of 14 trials comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents.
作者: Adnan Kastrati.;Julinda Mehilli.;Jürgen Pache.;Christoph Kaiser.;Marco Valgimigli.;Henning Kelbaek.;Maurizio Menichelli.;Manel Sabaté.;Maarten J Suttorp.;Dietrich Baumgart.;Melchior Seyfarth.;Matthias E Pfisterer.;Albert Schömig.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2007年356卷10期1030-9页
The long-term effects of treatment with sirolimus-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, have not been established.
18. Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents.
作者: Laura Mauri.;Wen-hua Hsieh.;Joseph M Massaro.;Kalon K L Ho.;Ralph D'Agostino.;Donald E Cutlip.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2007年356卷10期1020-9页
Definitions of stent thrombosis that have been used in clinical trials of drug-eluting stents have been restrictive and have not been used in a uniform manner.
20. Meta-analyses of the relation between silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue diseases.
The postulated relation between silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue and autoimmune diseases has generated intense medical and legal interest during the past decade. The salience of the issue persists, despite the fact that a great deal of research has been conducted on this subject. To provide a stronger quantitative basis for addressing the postulated relation, we applied several techniques of meta-analysis that combine, compare, and summarize the results of existing relevant studies.
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