To identify the risk factors of cervical anastomosis failure after McKeown esophagectomy and to create a prognostic model predicting the risk of anastomosis failure.

To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative visualization and risk factors of central lymph node metastases in unilateral PTC without preoperative clinical signs of central lymph node metastases.

To analyze risk factors of nodal (N) metastases in patients undergoing video-assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy (VAMLA).

To compare clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and anatomical aspects of mediastinal masses depending on surgical approach.

To improve the results of surgical treatment of locally advanced tumors invading pulmonary artery.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LPG).

The quality of life is determined by patients' physical, social, and mental functioning and is based on subjective assessments. No cluster analysis has previously been conducted to evaluate the quality of life (general health and visual function) in patients with small choroidal melanoma after various organ-preserving treatments.

Adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix together account for up to 20% of all cervical cancers. These histologic subtypes are characterized by a worse prognosis compared with squamous cell cancer of the same grade and have specific epidemiologic, morphologic and molecular features. Despite fundamental differences, therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer are similar regardless of tumor histology. This article discusses promising companion diagnostic markers for cervical cancer treatment, including MSI, PD-L1 and TIL's, that may find application in the therapy of prognostically unfavorable subtypes of cervical cancer. The literature review revealed that despite the low frequency of immunotherapy markers among adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the cervix, analyzing them will allow us to identify a group of patients who will benefit most from immunotherapy, a key step towards improving treatment outcomes.

Lung cancer occupies a leading position among malignant neoplasms throughout the world, and the issue of carcinogenesis of this disease today still remains relevant. This review examines in detail the issue of the participation of cancer stem cells in the development of lung cancer, the concept of the stem cell niche, and options for their detection using molecular and immunohistochemical studies. A separate section examines the impact of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on CSC and lung cancer carcinogenesis in general, as well as the successful results of the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of both diseases.

A clinical case of a patient with adrenal ganglioneuroma with mild pain syndrome is presented. This tumor is more common in young people and develops from cells of the peripheral nervous system, in particular from sympathetic ganglia, as well as from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a mesenchymal tumor included in PEComa family. Lung is the most frequent localization of LAM where it has bilateral spread and leads to respiratory failure. Development of LAM can be provided by tuberous sclerosis or it can be of sporadic nature. Extrapulmonary LAM usually develops in posterior mediastinal, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes. It is intriguing that primary nodal LAM, developed in the absence of pulmonary LAM, encounters relatively rare and discovers incidentally. Despite the well-known relationship of pulmonary LAM with tuberous sclerosis and occurrence of the tumor in young female patients, clinically occult LAM lesions can be encountered in wide age range and usually these aren't associated with tuberous sclerosis. Prognostic significance of incidentally found nodal LAM is still under debate as well as probability of metachronous lung involvement. Here we present small case series of accidentally discovered LAM in retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes of four female patients.

Germ cell tumors are rare testicular neoplasms that occur in young men, and their proportion is 2%. Pathological changes in the immune landscape of seminoma - the interaction of mast cells, T-, B-lymphocytes and macrophages with atypical spermatogenic cells, possibly impart a certain uniqueness to seminoma, and their number determines the stage of tumor growth. At the same time, the question of the participation of mast cells in the progression of seminoma remains debatable.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, which is most likely due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in the tumor, which form a heterogeneous hierarchy and are responsible for the occurrence and progression of carcinoma, as well as its unfavorable prognosis. The ability of CSC to form heterogeneous tumor populations in lung cancer has not been sufficiently studied.

One of the main prognostic factors for meningioma recurrence is histological diagnosis with an assessment of tumor grade. Despite this, there are no clear microscopic criteria for recurrence prognosis in benign forms, and there is no common understanding of meningioma recurrence and continued growth clinical management.

To study the microenvironment features of MMR-proficient (pMMR) and MMR-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer.

Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) is the most common and reliable marker for immunohistochemical diagnostics of various thyroid tumors and lung adenocarcinoma. At the same time, some of scientific studies have been published that describe aberrant expression of TTF1 by cells of various tumors, including lymphomas. Researchers reported the possibility of TTF1 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and T-cell leukemia. However, there were no reports of this marker expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, which, due to its morphological characteristics, may resemble a metastatic process.

In everyday clinical practice, neurosurgeons usually deal with glial tumors localized precisely in the frontal lobe. There is a widespread opinion that almost any neurosurgeon can resect glioma of the frontal lobe regardless of experience and microsurgical skills. However, working at the federal center, we observe how employees often have to operate on patients with frontal lobe gliomas after previous surgery in other hospitals. Therefore, treatment of these patients seems to be quite difficult problem of neurosurgery for glial tumors, and incidence of postoperative complications is still high. We analyzed literature data on anatomical and functional aspects of surgery for frontal lobe gliomas and practical nuances of their surgical treatment. Motor functional system of the frontal lobe is represented by several cortical zones united into a complexly organized network of functional connections through associative fibers. Theor lesion can lead to postoperative motor deficit.

One of the complications of arachnoid cysts of the Sylvian fissure is subdural accumulations including hygromas or hematomas. The last ones follow spontaneous or traumatic cyst rupture. Subdural accumulations can occur after surgical treatment (cystocisternostomy).

To test the possibility of creating a non-invasive system for differential diagnosis and molecular-genetic characterization of tumor lesions of the CNS based on the determination of mutations of promoter of telomerase (TERTp) C228T and C250T catalyst subunit through the example of glioblastoma.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accumulate in cells during oxidative stress and cause oxidative damage to various cell components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, thus leading to a number of severe diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Protein C3 is a central component of the complement cascade and a key player in the immune system. Proinflammatory activity of C3 can also contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Although hepatocytes are the main source of C3 circulating in the blood, the regulation of C3 gene expression in hepatocytes under oxidative stress remains unexplored. Suppression of C3 gene transcription and C3 protein secretion were observed during hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. The transcription factor FOXO1 promoted C3 expression, and C3 repression by oxidative stress was mediated through the regulation of FOXO1/HNF4α complex binding to the C3 promoter. A novel cluster of FOXO1 binding sites was identified in the distal region of the C3 promoter and found to be essential for the regulation of C3 expression by the FOXO1/HNF4α complex. Activation of the main MAP kinase cascades (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), AMP kinase, and the transcription factor NF-κB were necessary for C3 suppression in oxidative stress. Thus, the molecular mechanisms and transcription factors that mediate suppression of C3 production in HepG2 cells during oxidative stress were identified.