Meningiomas are the most common type of intracranial brain tumor and are usually benign. While histopathology is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing and classifying meningiomas, treatment in developing countries heavily relies on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, it is important to have imaging results that are as accurate as possible. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of histopathology to the diagnosis of intracranial meningiomas in tertiary healthcare facilities (THFs) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

The management of cancers requires complete and accurate pathology reports. Recent literature refers to the importance of synoptic report in cancer pathologies. In Tunisia, we still adopt the narrative report.

Desmoplastic fibroma, also known as desmoid fibroma of bone, is a rare benign bone tumor, accounting for approximately 0.1 to 0.3% of all bone tumors. It was first described by Jaffe in 1958. This tumor has a slow progression with locally aggressive behavior, without metastasis or malignant transformation. For radiological diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice to assess local extension within the bone and, when present, into the surrounding soft tissues. The definitive diagnosis is histological: the tumor is composed of tissue poor in fibroblasts and rich in collagen fibers, identical to the histology of desmoid fibromas of the soft tissues. Histological differential diagnosis can be challenging, particularly with low-grade fibrosarcomas. The treatment of choice is surgical, consisting of wide tumor resection whenever the location allows. A high rate of local recurrence characterises post-treatment evolution in cases of intralesional excision.

Localized or locally advanced cervical cancer is treated with a curative intent. Its management requires multidisciplinary expertise and a rigorously structured approach to optimize the probability of success. Initial workup (clinical examination, imaging, pathology) allows precise characterization of the tumour and staging according to TNM and FIGO classifications. Surgical management of early stage cancers, ranging from conization for small tumour to hysterectomy, sometimes including sentinel lymph node biopsy, is based on therapeutic algorithms that take into account stage, pathological criteria (invasion, margins, node involvement) and risk category. Postoperative treatment, when required, includes radiochemotherapy, that can be followed by brachytherapy. In locally advanced cancers, treatment consists of radiochemotherapy followed by uterovaginal brachytherapy and immunotherapy that has recently demonstrated its benefits. Since cervical cancer often develops in young women, its management raises important questions related to fertility and sometimes, to the management of cancer during pregnancy. Finally, although it is not the topic of these recommendations, it is important to highlight the major role of vaccination to avoid the vast majority of these cancers.

Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has undergone major therapeutic advances with the introduction of next-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI). Two treatment strategies have demonstrated clinical benefit at this stage: doublet therapy, combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with one of the four currently available ARPI, and triplet therapy, integrating abiraterone or darolutamide with docetaxel. The choice of therapeutic strategy is based on a personalized assessment that considers both tumor aggressiveness and the patient's overall profile, particularly cardiovascular and cognitive comorbidities, regardless of age, frailty, or level of activity. Optimal management of mCSPC requires a multidisciplinary approach, including a baseline cardiovascular workup, systematic geriatric assessment, non-pharmacological interventions (such as tailored physical activity and cognitive stimulation programs), calcium and vitamin D supplementation, structured sexual health support, and a comprehensive medication review conducted in collaboration with a pharmacist. Ongoing trials are exploring treatment de-escalation strategies, notably intermittent ADT, to preserve antitumor efficacy while improving quality of life. This review highlights the importance of a personalized, multidisciplinary approach, integrating therapeutic innovations with individualized supportive care, in a context marked by emerging differentiations of therapeutic options for mCSPC.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive sarcoma with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults. Current therapy involves multiagent chemotherapy and local therapy but despite intensification of treatment patients with metastases at diagnosis and recurrent disease have poor prognosis. Improved understanding of ES biology has identified novel targets with promising activity in ES patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently being evaluated as combination and maintenance therapy. Other emerging therapies include those that target the EWSR1:FLI1 fusion oncoprotein, cell cycle, apoptotic and DNA-repair pathways. Immunotherapeutic approaches are also being investigated, particularly CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy. Close collaboration between clinicians and biologists has also highlighted the importance of biomarkers that are still being validated prospectively and might be incorporated into standard of care in the future.

Secretory carcinoma is a histological type mostly found in salivary gland tumors, but also in breast and skin tumors. These tumors share pathological characteristics and the presence of an ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Secretory lacrimal gland carcinoma is even rarer. Our case is a middle-aged man who presented with a left orbital tumor with proptosis, diplopia and mass effect on the globe. Multimodal imaging revealed a heterogeneous tumor enhanced with gadolinium. There were no granulomatous foci. Total excision was preferred over diagnostic biopsy because of the intense vascularization of the tumor. Histopathology revealed a secretory carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The FISH study showed ETV6 gene fission in 90% of enumerated cells. After consultation, it was decided not to irradiate because of the risk of xerophthalmia, cataract and meningioma. After eighteen months, follow-up imaging showed local recurrence, treated then by surgery and stereotactic radiation therapy. During follow-up, chemotherapy was added when a second recurrence at the orbital site occurred. To support our diagnostic approach, we found only two other cases of secretory carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in the medical literature, both treated by isolated excision. The characterization of histological subtypes of carcinomas has direct implication in the therapeutic approach with the use of targeted therapies. Thus, tyrosine kinase inhibitors can provide valuable options in the treatment of secretory carcinomas.

Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma is a rare entity, predominantly involving lymph nodes in the head and neck of children and young adults. Ocular adnexal involvement, particularly of the conjunctiva, is exceptionally uncommon in this age group.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the external auditory canal are rare, with limited data available in the literature on patient survival in Europe. The low incidence of this condition complicates the development of a standard surgical management procedure, particularly given the lack of consensus regarding the value of neck dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of parotidectomy and neck dissection combined with tumor resection, and to assess the survival outcomes of patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal.

Double-negative T lymphocytes with αβ TCR (CD3+CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+) are a population of T cells present in low proportions in the blood under normal conditions. They can be abnormally elevated in various pathological situations.

Histopathological examination is a cornerstone in the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic planning of breast cancer. It combines morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular data to guide clinical decision-making. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main histological types, technical modalities, and conventional and emerging biomarkers in breast cancer pathology. Breast carcinomas are categorized into in situ (DCIS, LCIS) and invasive forms. The most frequent invasive types are invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Rare histologic variants (e.g., mucinous, micropapillary, metaplastic) exhibit distinct biological and prognostic features. The diagnostic workflow includes standardized steps: sampling, formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67), and molecular testing when needed (FISH, PCR, NGS). Routine biomarkers help define surrogate molecular subtypes (luminal A/B, HER2-positive, triple-negative) and guide systemic therapies. The emergence of the HER2-low category exemplifies how biomarker refinement impacts clinical practice. Additional markers such as PIK3CA and ESR1 mutations, BRCA/HRD status, PD-L1 expression, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), along with multigene signatures (e.g., Oncotype DX, MammaPrint), further individualize prognostic assessment and treatment selection. Innovative approaches such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS) enable minimally invasive monitoring and personalized care, especially in advanced disease. Breast cancer pathology is thus a dynamic, integrative discipline central to precision oncology, driven by ongoing technological and molecular advances, and essential to multidisciplinary cancer care.

Kaposi's disease is a primarily dermatological disorder characterized histologically by a proliferation of endothelial cells of lymphatic origin, linked to the HHV-8 virus, and occurring most often in a context of reduced immunity, whether linked to age, HIV infection or immunosuppressive therapy. There are 5 epidemiological forms of Kaposi's disease, all of which are predominantly male and of advanced age, especially in the classic form. In the majority of cases, the disease is indolent, but in certain situations, it can become aggressive, either locally or through involvement of internal organs such as the lung and digestive tract. Whenever possible, treatment focuses on restoring immunity. Unfortunately, in some patients this is impossible and/or ineffective, and chemotherapy or, more recently, immunotherapy, is required.

Adnexal carcinomas are rare cutaneous malignancies arising from the skin's appendages. Skin biopsy is essential for making the diagnosis, and enables the carcinoma to be classified into precise groups and subgroups. Prognosis and initial extension will depend on the histological subtype of the tumor. There is no consensus on the treatment of adnexal carcinomas: large-scale surgery is the standard treatment for localized tumors. Radiotherapy and certain systemic treatments may be proposed for inoperable or metastatic lesions.

Merkel's carcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor whose incidence has increased due to an aging population and increased UV exposure. It is characterized by rapid growth, high risk of recurrence and early metastatic spread. Two subtypes have been identified: Merkel polyomavirus-related (MCPyV), present in 80% of cases in Europe, and UV-related. The main risk factors are advanced age, male gender, light phototypes and immunosuppression. Clinically, it appears as a painless, red or purplish nodule, often on photo-exposed areas. Diagnosis is based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry (CK20+ and synaptophysin+). Extension assessment is essential, and relies on PET-CT, brain MRI and lymph node ultrasound. Staging follows the AJCC 8th edition, distinguishing between localized (I/II), lymph node involved (III) and metastatic (IV) stages. Treatment is based on surgery (excision with 1cm margins) and adjuvant radiotherapy. In the case of lymph node involvement, lymph node dissection and radiotherapy are recommended. Metastatic forms now benefit from immunotherapy (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), which has improved prognosis. Merkel carcinoma has a high recurrence rate (25-50%). Monitoring is based on regular clinical and radiological follow-up over several years. Biomarkers such as NSE and anti-MCPyV serology are currently being evaluated.

Cancer is a multigenic pathology whose dynamic, evolving and heterogeneous nature has led to the development of a variety of models to study it. Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been used in vitro. However, an accumulated body of data demonstrates the relevance of three-dimensional (3D) cultures for modeling and studying the mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and resistance to treatments of tumors, particularly solid tumors. By better reproducing the spatial architecture, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and phenotypic heterogeneity of tumors, these 3D models help bridge the gap between in vitro studies and in vivo conditions. This review describes the main 3D culture models - spheroids, organoids, tumoroids, tumor explants and cancers-on-a-chip - highlighting their principles, advantages and limitations. The techniques used to generate these 3D culture models, such as liquid-based or scaffold-based 3D culture, microfluidics, and 3D bioprinting, are also presented. Finally, examples of applications of these models are discussed, including the study of vascularization and its role in immune system recruitment, the modeling of the metastatic process, the screening of drug candidates and the elucidation of treatment resistance. The potential of 3D models is also addressed in the context of personalized medicine.

We report a rare case of ethmoidal metastasis from a prostatic carcinoma in an elderly patient. This metastasis was revealed solely by exophthalmos, with no associated nasal symptoms. Radiological and histopathological analyses confirmed the unusual diagnosis of a sinus metastasis from a prostatic adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic approach in the presence of an uncommon unilateral orbitopathy.

Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix is an uncommon condition marked by excessive mucus that builds up within the appendix. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a widely used surgical approach and is an effective option for managing mucinous cystadenoma, offering lower postoperative complication rates. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix encompass a diverse spectrum of tumours, ranging from benign mucoceles to more advanced conditions such as pseudomyxoma peritonei.

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman in whom a solitary 5.5cm hepatic tumor was discovered during oncologic surveillance for a papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed ten years earlier. Biopsy revealed a tumor cell proliferation with "endocrinoid" morphology and convincing immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers, initially suggesting a well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated isolated hypermetabolic activity in the liver lesion, with no corresponding uptake on DOTATOC-PET. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent segmental liver resection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed a proliferation of monomorphic cells with ovoid nuclei, arranged in a tubulo-solid architecture, with focal areas reminiscent of a "thyroid-like" pattern. Tumor cells exhibited heterogeneous expression of neuroendocrine markers and strong, diffuse positivity for alpha-inhibin. RNA sequencing identified a NIPBL::NACC1 fusion transcript, leading to a revised diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma with NIPBL::NACC1 fusion. This recently described and rare hepatic tumor is challenging to diagnose on biopsy. Histologically, it is characterized by a monomorphic ovoid cell proliferation with a tubulo-solid growth pattern and focal thyroid-like morphology. Neuroendocrine marker expression is variable, but strong and diffuse alpha-inhibin staining is a consistent feature.

The quality of life (QoL) of Moroccan woman with breast cancer (BC) continues to be influenced by various simultaneous factors that affect their psychological, physical, cognitive, and social well-being throughout the course of treatment. Studying these factors is essential, as it allows for the identification of patients at risk and the development of appropriate interventions to promote their QoL. This study aims to assess the QoL in Moroccan women with BC and explore its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Oral adjuvant hormone therapy for early breast cancer, despite its proven importance in terms of survival and prevention of recurrence, does not fall within the scope of clinical pharmacy programs set up for oral anticancer drugs, even though issues of therapeutic adherence have been clearly identified. The aim of our study was to explore the perception of healthcare professionals regarding the prescription and dispensing of this hormone therapy, in order to identify the risks for these patients and determine the clinical pharmacy actions that could address these risks.