A multidisciplinary meeting (RCP) dedicated to the treatment of sarcoma was established in Franche-Comte in 2010. The goals of the study are: (a) To evaluate the treatment of sarcomas by confrontation with the existing literature; (b) To evaluate the influence of the multidisciplinary meeting on the management of sarcomas by hospitals at the regional level.

Mastocytosis is characterised by the presence of abnormal quantities of mastocytes in one or more organs. Although it occurs in systemic forms of mastocytosis, isolated skin involvement is the predominant presentation, particularly in children, in the form of more or less extensive though non-systematic lesions. Herein, we report a case of maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis that is unusual in terms of its metameric topography.

Nested melanoma in elderly subjects is an entity that has been reported in the literature only since 2012. In this paper, we describe its distinctive clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological features and compare them to previous published cases, with the aim of highlighting certain specific criteria of this melanoma subtype.

Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor including cells that present an osteoblastic differentiation. On the skull, it has often extra-axial development associated with bone reaction. We report an atypical and rare case of intracranial or cerebral osteosarcoma underline the radiological and pathological diagnostic difficulties.

Ependymomas represent 10% of pediatric brain tumors. In the recent WHO 2016 classification, pathology is enriched by localization and molecular biology. Whatever the age, total removal by one or several looks when required remains a major prognostic factor. In children, focal radiation remains a standard, while the role of chemotherapy is matter of randomized studies. In infants, front line chemotherapy is the standard. Inclusion in the SIOP ependymoma II protocol is encouraged. In case of relapse, further surgery and radiation are advised, while inclusion in innovative trials including re-irradiation, and phase I-II should be encouraged. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms of ependymoma cell will provide in the close future, the key to use targeted therapies at time of relapse, and very soon as first line therapy for some subgroups of patients.

Comment the new WHO histological classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs 2016 and expose the state of art about urothelial carcinogenesis and molecular modifications of bladder cancer, with the consequences on the treatments.

The acquisition of a resistance EGFR mutation in exon 20 (T790M) occurs in half of the cases of secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), given in first-line treatment in advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Osimertinib (AZD9291, Tagrisso®) is a third-generation, irreversible EGFR TKI, active in case of T790M mutation. A large phase I trial showed the efficacy of osimertinib after failure of first-generation EGFR TKI (erlotinib, gefitinib), with response rate at 51% and up to 61% in case of T790M mutation. Progression-free survival was 9.6 months in case of T790M. Toxicity profile was acceptable, with mainly digestive (diarrhea) and skin (rash) side effects. Preliminary data from a phase II trial confirmed these efficacy and safety data. Screening of T790M mutation at the time of progression with TKI can be performed in circulating tumor DNA in plasma, with good diagnostic performances.

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are rare but their incidence is rising. High-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors, including small-cell lung cancer, are part of this group. Outside of the lung, they most often arise within the gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus, guts and pancreas) and are called neuroendocrine carcinomas. Due to their rarity, very little is known about neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract and few studies have been done. Therefore, most therapeutic recommendations are issued from studies on small-cell lung cancers. Histological scores have grown more accurate these past few years: poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors regroup various entities such as small-cells, large-cells and mix tumors, which seem to have different prognosis. They are diagnosed at a metastatic state in more than 50 % of cases. In localised disease, surgery is performed on selected patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and is an option in neuroendocrine carcinomas, without proof of efficacy. If not operable, radiochemotherapy is done for tumors of the lung, rectum, and eosophagus. If the disease is diagnosed at a metastatic state, chemotherapy is administered with a combination of platin salts (cisplatin or carboplatin) and etoposide. In poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, prophylactic cranial irradiation is performed in localized disease if there is a good response to chemotherapy. Even if these therapies have improved the overall survival, no improvement has been made during the past four decades and the prognosis remains low.

Surgery has evolved as a mainstay of the management of ovarian cancer since evidence of the major benefit of complete surgery, i.e. achieving complete resection of the disease without visible macroscopic residue in a comprehensively explored abdominal cavity, has been made available. This objective may be difficult to complete in case of advanced ovarian cancer, as it requires the use of advanced techniques of peritoneal and visceral surgery, in the setting of adapted perioperative care, generally in institutions where the caseload is sufficient to ensure an appropriate surgical experience, and where specifically trained surgeons are available. In this paper using the data from the French national database PMSI, evidence of an evolution of the proportion of patients managed in centers where more than 20 patients a year are operated is shown. However, the recommendations of the governmental Plans Cancers are far from universally implemented.

The principal aim of this study was the predictability of malignant ovarian tumors and to determine a cut-off value for this score to indicate the risk of malignancy that would be easy to use in clinical practice.

Describe the macroscopic and microscopic profiles of retinoblastoma (RB) in Senegal and correlate histological criteria with progression to establish severity factors.

Progressive mucinous histiocytosis is a very rare, benign, non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis limited to the skin. This disorder has been observed solely in women, with the exception of three cases in male patients, and most cases are hereditary. The hereditary forms begin in childhood, with sporadic cases occurring later, and it is characterized by numerous papules of slow progression. The aetiology and mode of genetic transmission remain unclear. We report one sporadic case of progressive mucinous histiocytosis.

Imiquimod is a local immune-response modifier that works by stimulating innate and acquired immunity. It is frequently used to treat superficial basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. Marked local inflammatory reaction is common during treatment. We report a case of the rare condition, multiple eruptive milia, during topical imiquimod therapy.

To increase chances for a cell to survive in its natural environment, metabolism and cell cycle necessarily have to be interconnected. Indeed, cells need, on the one hand, to check their metabolic status before initiating a cell cycle step often energy-consuming, and, on the other hand, to complete some cell cycle steps before modifying their metabolism. Because bacteria do not differ from the rules, an increasing number of examples of connection between metabolism and cell cycle emerged these last years. Identifying metabolic enzymes as messengers coordinating metabolism and cell cycle allows the addition of another dimension to metabolic maps. Likewise, the very high conservation of these metabolic maps, from bacteria to human, allows inspiring research on tumor cells that are known to have an unrestrained cell cycle and a voracious appetite.

Prostate cancer is the first cancer and the second cause of cancer death in men in France. It is now a major public health issue, particularly given the increase of life expectancy. If screening is based on blood PSA and clinical examination (DRE), diagnosis requires the histological analysis of prostate samples. In current clinical routine, these biopsies are performed by endorectal through ultrasound guidance. In most cases, the cancer is not visible in the ultrasound image and the latter is used to make a dozen samples (or core), distributed as best as possible in the prostate. To increase the accuracy and the contribution of these biopsies, the use of data acquired by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the fusion of ultrasound and MRI images, is a therapeutic undergoing validation, and today performed in many institutions with dedicated tools. The objective of this work is to present the practical arrangements for the implementation of these biopsies using the image fusion, and discuss the advantages and benefits.