Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of bone of mesenchymal origin which usually occurs in people after age 40 at the level of the pelvis and the shoulder. We report the case of a 65-year old female patient, with no particular past medical history, with impaired general condition, hospitalized for exploration of a large tumor of the right shoulder, evolving over 3 years. Clinical examination showed giant, humpbacked, hard, adherent tumor measuring 44 × 32 cm along its longer axis, with inflammatory signs associated with signs of vasculo-nervous compression. Radiological evaluation showed expansive, epiphyseal, metaphyseal, diaphyseal, heterogeneou, multilobulated, poorly differentiated, calcified tumoral process with complete destruction of the glenohumeral joint that extensively invaded the soft tissues with loco-regional extension. Histological examination of a deep biopsy specimen was in favor of poorly differentiated chondrosarcoma. Staging evaluation objectified bilateral axillary lymphadenopathies and multiple metastatic subpleural and hepatic nodules. The patient died after 2 months. This study highlights the role of awareness campaigns for early diagnosis and management.

Sarcomas of the penis account for less than 5% of all tumors of the penis. They are dominated by Kaposi's sarcoma that mainly affects HIV-positive patients. However, recent studies have shown a relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and HHV-8 infection (Human herpes virus-8), which explains why this sarcoma occurs in non-immunocompromised and HIV-seronegative patients. We here report the case of a 72-year old patient, with no previous medical history, reporting of gradual onset of tumor-like granulation tissue of 3 years duration at the level of the gland, without secondary location. Given the patient's clinical condition, epidermoid carcinoma or sarcomatoid carcinoma of the penis were suspected. Initial biopsy was negative, the second was in favor of Kaposi's sarcoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent chemotherapy.

The incidence of cavernous metastases after radical treatment for bladder tumor is exceptional and is approximately 1%. The mean time between surgery and the occurrence of metastases is 8 months. In some cases they occur after 10 years. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy, which shows their urothelial origin. Here we report the case of 56-year old patient, with a history of smoking, having undergone total cystoprostatectomy in January 2017, who presented 2 months later with induratio penis plastica with no other sign associated. Priapism and gangrene of the penis of infectious origin have been suspected but, given the patient's clinical condition, the more likely diagnosis was cavernous metastasis. On two occasions the patient refused biopsy: during two consultations at 15 days interval (A, B). The patient accepted to undergo biopsy during the 3th consultation (C, D). Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous metastasis.

The recognition that solid tumors are complex entities composed of the tumor cell mass itself and a stromal micro-environnement providing a variety of cells from the host (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells) led to recognize that this heterogeneity could not be recapitulated in vitro by conventional bidimensional (2-D) cultures. This justified numerous attempts to develop tridimensional (3-D) cultures that provided better tools for approaching tumor complexity and more convincing drug testing systems. Among various 3-D technologies, tumor spheroids are more likely suited to provide in vitro platforms for apprehending specific aspects of different processes specifically defining each tumor category as well as testing drug delivery systems. This review summarizes current features of multicellular tumor spheroids and their suitability for studying different aspects of cancer cell biology, patient-specific therapies and drug treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical recurrence-free survival (RFS) and to identify useful predictors of such survival in localized prostate cancer patients (cN0) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (pN+) treated with radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Determination of BRAF mutation status is mandatory in the management of patients with inoperable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma. Currently, molecular biology (MB) has been validated for detecting the presence of BRAF mutations.

In order to help the clinician, mathematical models including several clinical and pathological variables are proposed in the literature with the aim to predict the occurrence of an event of interest. Nomograms allow individual prognosis for each patient. When they are developed, validated and correctly used, nomograms can provide important information for patients' care. But, despite the strong interest in nomograms in oncology, statistical methodologies used remain unknown from the medical community. This paper presents the major steps in the development, the validation and the clinical use of nomograms. Examples are given to illustrate these different points and the limits of this methodology. Finally, guidelines on the use of nomograms are proposed for clinicians.

Cutaneous metastases are common in patients with malignant melanoma. In rare cases, they are distributed on a dermatome, in which case they are known as zosteriform metastases.

The four transcriptional enhancers located in the 3' regulatory region (3'RR) of the IgH locus control the late phases of B-cell maturation, namely IgH locus transcription, somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Doctor Jekyll by nature, the 3'RR acts as Mister Hyde in case of oncogenic translocation at the IgH locus taking under its transcriptional control the translocated oncogene. The aim of this review is to show this duality on the basis of the latest scientific advances in the structure and function of the 3'RR and to hIghlight the targeting of the 3'RR as a potential therapeutic approach in mature B-cell lymphomas.

The first line treatment of metastatic prostate cancer is medical or surgical androgen-deprivation. This treatment however has significant side effects that can affect the patients' quality of life. For oligometastatic patients, a new therapeutic approach, focusing on local treatment of metastases, is emerging.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a rare group of mesenchymal tumors mainly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, GISTs were classified as smooth muscle tumors also known as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas or leiomyoblastomas. However, since the advent of immunohistochemistry, GISTs have been diagnosed on the basis of the identification of c-kit-positive cells. We here report a case of stromal tumor of the small intestine in order to analyze it in the light of literature data and imaging results, which may suggest prebiopsy diagnosis as well as its therapeutic and prognostic peculiarities.

Previous studies about the relationship between tumor recurrence and NRAMP1 and HGPX1 gene polymorphism in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) showed inconsistent results.

Ovarian teratomas are tumors resulting from pluripotent germ cells. We here describe 3 different types of teratomas: mature, immature and monodermal teratomas. Immature teratoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian cancers and mainly affects young subjects. We report the case of a 25 year female patient, admitted with abdomino pelvic mass. She underwent ultrasound and a pelvic CT scan followed by conservative treatment based on left annexectomy associated with multiple biopsies. Anatomopathological examination showed immature ovarian teratoma. Patient's treatment was supplemented by a hysterectomy with lumbo-aortic curage and omentectomy. We highlight, through this study and review of the literature, the predisposing factors for this type of rare and severe tumor and the radiological features suggesting these rare histological types of ovarian tumors, in order to improve the prognosis and multidisciplinary management of patients.

Accessibility to innovative multiple myeloma therapies is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic and evolutionary features observed during treatment of our patients with myeloma.

This study aimed to identify the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of benign tumors of the breast treated in the department of senology at the university hospital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar.

In the past, it was generally considered that the window of curability had been missed in metastatic solid cancers. At present, novel evidence suggests that oligometastatic cancer might be amenable to a multimodal curative treatment, including ablation of the primary tumour. In this article, we summarise the indications, the controversies and future perspectives of local treatment in oligometastatic urological malignancies.

Lipomas of the parotid gland are benign tumors developing from the fatty tissue in the gland. They are rare, accounting for 0.6-4.4% of all benign tumors. Those located in the deep lobe of the gland are uncommon. Clinically, they are very difficult to diagnose. CT scan and especially MRI can support the diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice but its modalities remain controversial. We report the case of a 52-year old female patient, with no particular past medical history, presenting with asymptomatic left preauricular mass evolving over 1 year and gradually increasing in volume. Clinical examination showed painless elastic swelling, measuring 2 × 1.5 × 1 cm, extending from the ear lobule to the left mandibular angle. Stensen duct wasn't obstructed and saliva was clear. The patient showed no facial paralysis. CT scan showed perfectly delimited unilobular hypodense homogeneous mass in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. No suspected cervical lymphadenopathy was detected. MRI confirmed the presence of homogeneous, lipomatous intraparotid tissue process. After superficial parotidectomy and translocation of the branches of the facial nerve, a yellowish mass appeared under the buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve. The patient underwent complete resection up to the left parapharyngeal space. The postoperative course was uneventful. Anatomo-pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT), still referred to as proliferative trichilemmal cyst (TC), is an uncommon malignant adnexal tumor originating from the cells of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle or, more often, from a trichilemmal cyst, following multiple trauma and/or recurrent inflammation. We report the case of a 64-year old female patient, with no particular previous history, presenting with tumor of the scalp gradually evolving over 18 months. Clinical examination showed a painless, firm, adhering ulcero-budding tumor mass measuring 12 cm along its longer axis at the level of the vertex. The patient had clinically negative lymph nodes. Histological examination showed malpighian cell proliferation arranged in clumps and coalescing lobules with focal areas of abrupt trichilemmal keratinization, with very marked atypies cyto-nuclear and an infiltrated fibrous stroma, suggesting proliferating trichilemmal tumor. Staging evaluation showed no metastase. The patient underwent wide surgical resection followed by in depth removal of extra tissue, without recurrence at 3-months' follow-up.