Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin tumor, with an incidence varying across Europe, reaching up to 400 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in certain regions. It occurs more frequently in men, with an average age of diagnosis around 70 years. This type of cancer, primarily caused by chronic UV exposure, has a low risk of metastasis (less than 0.05%) but can cause significant local damage. Clinically, BCC presents as erythematous and shiny lesions, with several subtypes: superficial, nodular, and infiltrative. The classification of BCC varies based on its risk of recurrence and treatment complexity, with recommendations regarding surgical margins to be adhered to during excision. The primary treatment is surgical, using conventional or Mohs micrographic techniques depending on the complexity of the tumor. Medical treatments are reserved for low-risk forms or when surgery is not feasible. For advanced BCCs, multidisciplinary discussions are essential to establish the best treatment plan, which may include Sonic Hedgehog pathway inhibitors or radiotherapy for palliative purposes.

Cancer is a multigenic pathology whose dynamic, evolving and heterogeneous nature has led to the development of a variety of models to study it. Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been used in vitro. However, an accumulated body of data demonstrates the relevance of three-dimensional (3D) cultures for modeling and studying the mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and resistance to treatments of tumors, particularly solid tumors. By better reproducing the spatial architecture, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and phenotypic heterogeneity of tumors, these 3D models help bridge the gap between in vitro studies and in vivo conditions. This review describes the main 3D culture models - spheroids, organoids, tumoroids, tumor explants and cancers-on-a-chip - highlighting their principles, advantages and limitations. The techniques used to generate these 3D culture models, such as liquid-based or scaffold-based 3D culture, microfluidics, and 3D bioprinting, are also presented. Finally, examples of applications of these models are discussed, including the study of vascularization and its role in immune system recruitment, the modeling of the metastatic process, the screening of drug candidates and the elucidation of treatment resistance. The potential of 3D models is also addressed in the context of personalized medicine.

Spinal arachnoid cysts are rare benign lesions filled with cerebrospinal fluid and lined by an arachnoid membrane. We report an observation of an intradural arachnoid cyst in the lumbar region causing spinal cord compression.

Prolonged fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a complex diagnostic entity, most commonly caused by infectious, neoplastic, or inflammatory conditions. Hepatic hemangiomas, although frequent and benign, are rarely implicated.

Cystic diseases are a group of diseases characterised by the formation of cysts in some organs, particularly the lungs and kidneys, which progressively lead to respiratory or renal failure, requiring organ transplantation in advanced cases. Understanding the mechanisms of these cystic diseases has led to advances in early detection and the development of new treatments to slow their progression to end-stage failure.

Hysteroscopic resection of submucosal fibroids is an effective technique to reduce menometrorrhagia and improve fertility. Identifying predictors of two-step resections is essential to optimize preoperative counseling and surgical planning. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess predictive factors previously reported in the literature.

Liver involvement in Li-Fraumeni syndrome is usually due to primary or metastatic malignant tumors. We report a case in which multiple liver nodules proved to be benign lesions. This 30-year-old female patient, with a known Li-Fraumeni syndrome and a history of several previous malignancies, presented multiple liver nodules detected at systematic annual screening. Two were suggestive of focal nodular hyperplasia. Three others were fat-containing at imaging studies; a guided biopsy of the largest lesion, measuring 15mm in diameter, concluded to liver angiomyolipoma, of mixed composition, combining adipocyte-like cells, dystrophic vascular structures, spindle cells and epithelioid cells coexpressing smooth muscle and melanocytic markers. There was no adverse histopathological feature. A simple surveillance was decided. The possible occurrence of benign lesions during Li-Fraumeni syndrome, requiring only conservative management after histopathological diagnosis, must be known, especially with the increasing use of annual whole-body imaging for screening.

The 2021 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the central nervous system introduced molecular biomarkers (homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B and TERT promoter mutation) in the grading of meningiomas. Since, the cIMPACT-NOW consortium has proposed a new prognostic algorithm (published in the update 8), integrating epigenetic and genetic data. The aim of the study was to report on the experience of the neuropathology department of Sainte-Anne Hospital in integrating this algorithm into the gradingof meningiomas.

To present current therapeutic management of breast cancer in the era of de-escalation in breast cancer treatment centres in Abidjan.

We report a rare case of ethmoidal metastasis from a prostatic carcinoma in an elderly patient. This metastasis was revealed solely by exophthalmos, with no associated nasal symptoms. Radiological and histopathological analyses confirmed the unusual diagnosis of a sinus metastasis from a prostatic adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic approach in the presence of an uncommon unilateral orbitopathy.

Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix is an uncommon condition marked by excessive mucus that builds up within the appendix. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a widely used surgical approach and is an effective option for managing mucinous cystadenoma, offering lower postoperative complication rates. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix encompass a diverse spectrum of tumours, ranging from benign mucoceles to more advanced conditions such as pseudomyxoma peritonei.

The distinction between small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid tumors may be challenging in small biopsy specimens, particularly when cellular artefacts (crush artifact…) are present. Nevertheless, an accurate diagnosis of these two neuroendocrine neoplasms - whose prognoses are radically different - is crucial to ensure appropriate therapeutic management.

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman in whom a solitary 5.5cm hepatic tumor was discovered during oncologic surveillance for a papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed ten years earlier. Biopsy revealed a tumor cell proliferation with "endocrinoid" morphology and convincing immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers, initially suggesting a well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated isolated hypermetabolic activity in the liver lesion, with no corresponding uptake on DOTATOC-PET. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent segmental liver resection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed a proliferation of monomorphic cells with ovoid nuclei, arranged in a tubulo-solid architecture, with focal areas reminiscent of a "thyroid-like" pattern. Tumor cells exhibited heterogeneous expression of neuroendocrine markers and strong, diffuse positivity for alpha-inhibin. RNA sequencing identified a NIPBL::NACC1 fusion transcript, leading to a revised diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma with NIPBL::NACC1 fusion. This recently described and rare hepatic tumor is challenging to diagnose on biopsy. Histologically, it is characterized by a monomorphic ovoid cell proliferation with a tubulo-solid growth pattern and focal thyroid-like morphology. Neuroendocrine marker expression is variable, but strong and diffuse alpha-inhibin staining is a consistent feature.

The quality of life (QoL) of Moroccan woman with breast cancer (BC) continues to be influenced by various simultaneous factors that affect their psychological, physical, cognitive, and social well-being throughout the course of treatment. Studying these factors is essential, as it allows for the identification of patients at risk and the development of appropriate interventions to promote their QoL. This study aims to assess the QoL in Moroccan women with BC and explore its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Molecular analyses performed on cell and tissue samples play a major diagnostic, prognostic, and theragnostic role. Their complexity and diversity, as well as that of the biological matrix involved (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, frozen tissue, cytological sample, liquid biopsy), are increasing. The tumor cell content of the sample is an important limiting factor as well as the quality and quantity of nucleic acids extracted from the initial matrix. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and manage the conditions of sample preparation and storage, as those will directly impact the quality of the extracted material and constrain the types of analyses that will be performed. This article highlights the key pre-analytical steps as well as the limitations and interpretative biases that may result from mishandling of the samples.

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare ovarian neoplasms, accounting for 2-5% of all ovarian cancers. Two histological types have been described: juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT), the latter accounting for around 95% of the GCTs. AGCTs are mostly diagnosed at an early stage and commonly have a good prognosis. However, GCTs tend to be associated with late recurrence in about a third of cases which are a major concern. These recurrences often require repeated surgical interventions. Systemic treatments, for their part, show limited effectiveness in this context, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. Thus, better biological characterization of these tumors would enable us to propose more targeted treatments. To achieve this, the molecular characteristics of GCTs have been explored. Most AGCTs harbor a mutation in the FOXL2 transcription factor sequence, therefore allowing to investigate therapeutic perspectives targeting its signalling, as well as setting the first steps towards immunotherapy in these tumors. Knowledge of JGCTs is more limited due to their rarity. However, molecular analysis revealed that ∼60% of the JGCTs bore a genetic mutation in the AKT1 oncogene. However, its clinical significance has still to be explored. For both GCTs subtypes, the CDK4/6-Rb1 axis is promising. Consequently, exploring the molecular features and their role in the biology of these tumors could open up new avenues for targeted and personalized therapies, thereby improving patient care.

Oral adjuvant hormone therapy for early breast cancer, despite its proven importance in terms of survival and prevention of recurrence, does not fall within the scope of clinical pharmacy programs set up for oral anticancer drugs, even though issues of therapeutic adherence have been clearly identified. The aim of our study was to explore the perception of healthcare professionals regarding the prescription and dispensing of this hormone therapy, in order to identify the risks for these patients and determine the clinical pharmacy actions that could address these risks.

Lipomas are mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the head and neck region in about 13% of cases. However, they are rarely reported in the pediatric population. We here report the case of a 6-month-old infant with no notable medical history, admitted for the management of a large left lateral cervical mass that had been progressing for 4 months. Ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination revealed a large left lateral cervical mass extending to the submental area, approximately 7cm in length, with no signs of compression. Cervical CT scan showed a fat-density mass, consistent with a lipoma. The patient underwent exploratory cervicotomy with excision of the mass. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. The clinical outcome was favorable, with no recurrence after 15 months of follow-up. Although rare in the pediatric population, cervical lipomas should be considered in infants with a cervical swelling. Its clinical manifestation is similar to that of a cystic lymphangioma.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare CD-30+/ALK- T-cell lymphoma. The combination of a textured breast implant, bacterial contamination and genetic predisposition appears to be necessary for the development of BIA-ALCL. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has established guidelines for both diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of the disease is essential to ensure a cure. At an early stage and for the vast majority of patients, treatment consists of implant removal with associated total capsulectomy. We share our experience with the presentation of a case of BIA-ALCL discovered following the appearance of a periprosthetic seroma, 19 years after the fitting of breast implants.

Fine needle aspiration is a well-known procedure for the diagnosis and management of solid lesions. The approach to cystic lesions on fine needle-aspiration is becoming a popular diagnostic tool due to the increased availability of high-quality cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography and ultrasound guided procedures like endoscopic ultrasound. Cystic lesions are closed cavities containing liquid, sometimes partially solid with various internal neoplastic and non-neoplastic components. The most frequently punctured cysts are in the neck (thyroid and salivary glands), mediastinum, breast and abdomen (pancreas and liver). The diagnostic accuracy of cytological cyst sampling is highly dependent on laboratory material management. This review highlights how to approach the main features of superficial and deep organ cysts using basic cytological techniques (direct smears, cytocentrifugation), liquid-based cytology and cell block. We show the role of a multimodal approach that can lead to a wider implementation of ancillary tests (biochemical, immunocytochemical and molecular) to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of patients with cystic lesions. In the near future, artificial intelligence models will offer detection, classification and prediction capabilities for various cystic lesions. Two examples in pancreatic and thyroid cytopathology are particularly developed.