Identifying biomarkers is vital for interstitial lung disease (ILD) management and prognostication. While anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently detected in autoimmune diseases, their significance in ILD remains unclear.

The routine use of computed tomography and lung cancer screening has increased the incidence of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Sampling may be needed for some nodules. Many new technologies are available to improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the sampling of PPLs, but few comparative trials exist. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) using an ultrathin bronchoscope (BF-MP190F, Olympus) with a non-ultrathin bronchoscope, and to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with and without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).

Airway inflammation is a hallmark feature of asthma characterized by elevated eosinophils and/or neutrophils. Eosinophils in sputum can contribute to ventilation defects. The functional consequence of other types of cellularity on ventilation is unknown.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in high-income countries. Maternal mortality from PE has been attributed to delayed recognition and investigations. The diagnosis of PE may be challenging, as its early signs and symptoms may overlap with physiologic changes of pregnancy. As such, promptly ruling out suspected PE using diagnostic testing is of paramount importance. In this narrative review, we provide a contemporary overview of risk assessment tools, diagnostic modalities, counseling needs, and existing best practice guidance for the diagnosis of PE in pregnancy.

Accurate risk prediction of exacerbations is pivotal in severe asthma management. Multiple risk factors are at play, but the pathway of risk prediction remains unclear.

Despite the significant health and economic burden associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among civilians, little is known about this burden among active-duty military personnel.

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is regarded as a COPD precursor, but whether this varies by smoking status remains unclear.

A 7-year-old girl was referred to our vascular anomaly center for further evaluation of multiple lung nodules. These nodules were incidentally detected on a CT scan during hospitalization for treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia at another hospital. The biopsy results suggested the possibility of vascular tumors. Physical examination revealed clear breath sounds without rales. Furthermore, no skin lesions or other positive signs were observed. The patient was not receiving supplemental oxygen. Before she came to our center, the patient had received antibiotic treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia. The CT scan after recovery revealed that the multiple nodules in both lungs persisted despite the resolution of the infection.

With growing interest in a centralized approach to lung cancer screening (LCS), pooling current evidence to estimate its impact on annual adherence is essential for aligning practice with guideline recommendations.

More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.

It remains challenging to safely and reliably biopsy peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is gaining adoption for navigation to PPLs. However, evidence from large studies remains limited.

Long-term real-world data on clinical remission in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) receiving biologics are lacking. We describe clinical remission over 2 years in patients with SEA receiving benralizumab.

Studies have reported estimates of the economic and health burden of COPD. They have been limited largely to current-day estimates or relatively short-term future projections.

Among 1 billion patients worldwide with OSA, 90% remain undiagnosed. The main barrier to diagnosis is the overnight polysomnogram, which requires specialized equipment, skilled technicians, and inpatient beds available only in tertiary sleep centers. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled OSA detection using breathing sound recordings.

A 70-year-old woman who formerly used tobacco was referred for evaluation of a lung nodule incidentally discovered during hematologic follow-up. Her medical history was notable for a stage IV follicular lymphoma (G2/G3A stage IV, for pleural and perinephric involvement, FLIPI4) in September 2022, for which she received 6 courses of obinutuzumab plus bendamustine. After the second cycle of therapy, an increase in transaminases was detected; the subsequent diagnostic workup showed a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction blood test for human herpesvirus 6 DNA with more than 13,000 copies/mL. The human herpesvirus 6 infection was successfully treated with acyclovir, followed by normalization of liver enzymes. The treatment was then completed regularly, obtaining a complete metabolic response. One month after completing therapy, the patient developed systemic cytomegalovirus infection with associated pneumonia, requiring 3 weeks of hospitalization. Considering the severity of the infectious event, a further maintenance with obinutuzumab was excluded. Persistent cytomegalovirus-DNA levels necessitated valganciclovir. Sustained neutropenia partially improved with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration.

Airway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD and are associated with worse airflow obstruction and higher mortality. However, the association between airway mucus plugs and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been extensively studied.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.