Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are extensively used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. While these medications offer glycemic control and cardiovascular benefits, the risks have increased because of their potential impact on cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between GLP-1 RAs and CRC risk in patients receiving GLP-1 RAs.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive inflammatory liver disease of immune-mediated origin, which causes long-term liver inflammation and damage. Traditionally, treatment includes azathioprine (AZA) combined with steroids, but recent studies have highlighted mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as a potential alternative, particularly for patients who do not respond well to AZA.

This study aims to evaluate the association between IDO index and the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We searched databases such as PubMed, to collect relevant English studies on the association between IDO level and the prognosis of CRC published before October 10, 2024. This meta-analysis included 11 studies involving 2068 patients. The results showed that IDO levels were not significantly correlated with OS in CRC patients (HR0.85, 95%CI 0.54-1.33, P = 0.488), but elevated IDO was associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients (HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.38-0.99, P = 0.044).Elevated IDO was significantly associated with the incidence of liver metastasis (HR 4.66, 95%CI 1.72-12.64, P = 0.003) and lymphatic infiltration (HR 2.75, 95%CI 1.52-4.97, P < 0.001) in CRC patients. In conclusion, high expression of IDO is significantly associated with DFS, liver metastasis and lymphatic infiltration in CRC patients, and may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for DFS, liver metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis in CRC.

Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. However, early diagnosis and specific treatment have not yet been achieved. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is closely related to MASLD and may be an important indicator for its diagnosis and treatment. This updated meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between circulating PAI-1 levels and MASLD. Methods Article retrieval was carried out in seven provenances (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, WANFANG, Clinical Trials Database, and Grey Literature Database) using free text words and MeSH terms. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12. Outcomes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The levels of circulating PAI-1 in patients with MASLD were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (SMD = 1.44, 95% CI [1.06, 1.83]). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses based on key factors, such as area, age, and BMI, were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. In the BMI subgroup analysis, the participants were divided into two groups. While the subgroup results were inconclusive, the meta-regression suggested that the area (i.e. the geographic region of the study population) may be a major contributor to heterogeneity (p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with MASLD have significantly high circulating PAI-1 levels; however, this correlation may vary in different regions, thereby providing a reference for further research on MASLD.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and researchers continue to explore its underlying factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to clarify the prevalence and potential association between intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and CRC.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a fundamental treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma despite its tendency to induce postembolization syndrome (PES), which can negatively impact the quality of life and treatment outcomes of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic dexamethasone in reducing PES following TACE.

Colon cancer (CC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with ~ 1.9 million new cases and 903,859 deaths annually (Bray et al. in CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394-424, 2018). Diet represents a key modifiable risk factor for CC pathogenesis (Herr and Buchler in Cancer Treat Rev 36:377-383, 2010). Cruciferous vegetables (CV)-rich in glucosinolates that hydrolyze into bioactive isothiocyanates (Willett in Cancer Epidem Biomar 10:3-8, 2001; Murillo and Mehta in Nutr Cancer. 41(1-2):17-28, 2001; Higdon et al. in Pharmacol Res 55:224-36, 2007)-exhibit chemopreventive properties through carcinogen detoxification, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest (Zhang et al. in Proc Nutr Soc 65:68-75, 2006). While prior meta-analyses report an inverse association between CV intake and CC risk (Tse and Eslick in Nutr Cancer 66(1):128-39, 2014), the quantitative dose-response relationship remains uncharacterized, limiting translational insights for dietary guidance.

Liver injury is associated with cholelithiasis, with changes in liver enzyme levels potentially influencing cholelithiasis risk. This study investigates the shared genetic basis between serum levels of four liver enzymes and cholelithiasis using summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between serum neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located at specific anatomical sites of the liver compared with non-specific sites.

The long-term impact of acute pancreatitis (AP) on quality of life (QoL) remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate long-term QoL outcomes in patients after AP.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus is a highly aggressive and rare type of cancer, making diagnosis and treatment challenging for clinicians. The current guidelines provide conflicting recommendations, and no standardized treatment protocol is available. We aim to deliver a systematic review of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma, including patient characteristics, treatment options, and prognostic factors.

A defunctioning ileostomy is frequently created to avert the implications of a colo-rectal anastomotic dehiscence in rectal cancer surgery. The timing of closure of the ileostomy remains debatable as it is believed that early closure (EC) may be beneficial to most patients than the standard practice of late closure (LC). This meta-analysis was performed to compare surgical outcomes in patients who underwent EC versus LC.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious inflammatory bowel disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Infliximab (IFX), a TNF-alpha antagonist, is recommended by the American Gastroenterological Association, but its clinical effectiveness and safety are based on limited studies. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluates the efficacy and safety of IFX in moderate-to-severe active UC, providing evidence for its clinical application.

Hemorrhoids, a common anorectal condition, can be managed through surgical or conservative treatments. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical and conservative treatments for hemorrhoids.

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) in assessing hepatic steatosis among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) through systematic review and meta-analysis approaches.

The prognostic significance of the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of PLR in HCC patients receiving ICIs.

To analyze the efficacy and safety of balloon-occluded transarterial chemoembolization (B-TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is a cornerstone in the management of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The integration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors into NC (NIC) regimens has shown promise; however, its efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to compare the potential risks and clinical benefits of NIC versus NC in patients with resectable ESCC based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Existing studies have explored the association between immune-inflammatory indices and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there is a lack of comprehensive evidence. This meta-analysis and systematic review seeks to synthesize the data of available clinical research and offer the latest and comprehensive evidence-based conclusions regarding whether these immune-inflammatory indices can effectively predict the severity, activity, and prognosis of IBD.