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1. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients With Mild-to-Severe COPD.
作者: Sophie É Collins.;Miranda Kirby.;Benjamin M Smith.;Zahrah H Rampuri.;Desi P Fuhr.;Samira Rowland.;Andrew R Brotto.;Rhonda J Rosychuk.;Stephanie Thompson.;Jason Weatherald.;Sean van Diepen.;Michael K Stickland.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1524-1535页
Patients with advanced COPD have pulmonary vascular dysfunction and destruction; thus, it is unclear whether they are responsive to selective pulmonary vasodilators.
2. Effects of a Novel Dual Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Inhibitor TQC3721 in Patients With COPD in China (PACER-II): A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Anonymized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
作者: Li-Xiu He.;Ling Yang.;Zu-Ke Xiao.;Rong Qiu.;Fa-Ming Yu.;Li-Qin Wu.;Wei-Hua Zhang.;Xun-Chao Liu.;Ling-Feng Min.;Xiu-Qin Ma.;Jian-Zhong Jiang.;Bo Yuan.;Ran-Ran Dai.;Dong Liu.;Xiao-Hua Li.;Tao Wang.;Jie Cao.;Xiao-Bin Luo.;Xiao-Ju Liu.;Chao Chen.;Wei-Guo Li.;Ding Yu.;Zhu Luo.;Wei-Min Li.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1536-1550页
Dual phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibitors have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for COPD, but their applicability remains limited to specific treatment contexts. To our knowledge, TQC3721 is a novel inhaled dual PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor with synergistic bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effects.
3. Daily Physical Activity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights From a Multicenter Longitudinal Trial Using Accelerometry.
作者: Jasleen Minhas.;Haochang Shou.;Nadine Al-Naamani.;Rui Feng.;Roham Zamanian.;Todd Bull.;Murali Chakinala.;Anna Hemnes.;Jude Moutchia.;Stephen C Mathai.;Susan Ellenberg.;Corey Ventetuolo.;Steven M Kawut.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1660-1671页
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional assessments such as the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) may not adequately capture daily physical activity or patient experience in real-world settings.
4. Twelve-Month Follow-Up and Economic Evaluation of an Alternative Care Provider Clinic for Severe Sleep-Disordered Breathing.
作者: Erika D Penz.;Ada Ip-Buting.;Willis H Tsai.;Maria J Santana.;W Ward Flemons.;Kristin L Fraser.;Sachin R Pendharkar.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1703-1716页
Use of nonphysician alternative care providers (ACPs) can improve timely access to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) care, and previous studies have demonstrated beneficial short-term clinical outcomes. Longer-term clinical and economic impacts of an ACP model for patients with severe SDB have not been evaluated.
5. Reliability of Clinic-Obtained vs Self-Obtained Respiratory Samples From the Self-Sample Accuracy and Benefit Implementation Trial (S2wAB-IT).
作者: Jordana E Hoppe.;Andrew Paisley.;Tim Vigers.;Kathryn Moffett.;Veronica Indihar.;Elliott Dasenbrook.;Joel E Mortensen.;Marianne S Muhlebach.;Christopher Siracusa.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1488-1495页
Routine surveillance cultures are critical in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are used in clinical decision-making. Due to the improved health of people with CF (pwCF) and the increased use of telehealth for clinical care, there is a strong interest in providing remote care, including remote respiratory specimen collection.
6. Superiority of Lateral Decubitus Strategy in Preventing Atelectasis From Obscuring Targets During Robotic Bronchoscopy: Lateral Decubitus Strategy vs Ventilatory Strategy to Prevent Atelectasis Trial.
作者: Joshua M Boster.;Mike Goertzen.;Mona Sarkiss.;Aristides J Armas Villalba.;Bharat S Bhandari.;Juhee Song.;Carlos A Jimenez.;Bruce F Sabath.;Julie Lin.;Horiana B Grosu.;David E Ost.;George A Eapen.;Gouthami Chintalapani.;Roberto F Casal.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷4期1124-1134页
Atelectasis during peripheral bronchoscopy can cause CT-to-body divergence, can cause false-positive radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound images, and can obscure a target. As shown in prior studies, ventilatory strategies to prevent atelectasis, although useful, cannot completely avoid this phenomenon.
7. A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase 2 Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability, and Exploratory Efficacy of Selexipag in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
作者: Maurice Beghetti.;Lene Nygaard Axelsen.;Julian I Borissoff.;Mahdi Farhan.;Simon Grill.;Sining Leng.;Alberto Russu.;Catherine Lesage.;Tatiana Remeňová.;Shu-Fang Hsu Schmitz.;Shahin Moledina.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷5期1330-1344页
Selexipag is an oral selective prostacyclin receptor agonist approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults.
8. Specialist Dietary Intervention in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Experiencing Unintentional Weight Loss: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Rasleen Kahai.;Gioele Castelli.;Fiammetta Danzo.;Luis Ferreira.;Arthihai Srirangan.;Matteo Morviducci.;Flavio Marco Mirabelli.;Punchalee Kaenmuang.;Cara Roberts.;Simon Bax.;Richard J Hewitt.;Maria Kokosi.;Felix Chua.;Vasileios Kouranos.;Philip L Molyneaux.;Peter M George.;Richard Gisli Jenkins.;Winston Banya.;Carmel J W Stock.;Steve Jones.;Gemma Korff.;Alastair Duncan.;Athol U Wells.;Piersante Sestini.;Elisabetta A Renzoni.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期687-697页
Weight loss in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) is associated with poor prognosis, yet the impact of dietary input is unknown.
9. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment.
作者: Elisa Perger.;Gianfranco Parati.;Andrea Faini.;Laura Gell.;Paola Faverio.;Fabrizio Luppi.;Simona Bertoli.;Amelia Brunani.;Elisabetta Bigagli.;Carolina Lombardi.;Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期527-537页
A subgroup of patients with obesity exhibits hypoventilation as a result of, among other mechanisms, a narrow, collapsible upper airway (UA), a reduced ventilatory drive during both wakefulness and sleep, and the loss of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep. These features characterize obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). If left untreated, OHS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides lifestyle modifications, positive airway pressure (PAP) is the only available treatment, and it is often not well tolerated. Drugs designed to activate UA muscles such as atomoxetine and to stimulate breathing such as acetazolamide represent a potential novel strategy for treating OHS.
10. Effect of Continuous High-Frequency Oscillation Therapy on Lung Aeration in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Impaired Consciousness: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Zhengyong Hu.;Xuehua Pu.;Rui Tang.;Min Zhou.;Weili Liu.;Jiaqiong Li.;Meifang Cui.;Ying Zhu.;Tao Yu.;Jiangquan Yu.;Xinhua Ma.;Huiqing Ge.;Qianghong Xu.;Yuxuan Wang.;Jinlei Ou.;Zenggan Guan.;Tao Chen.;Xueyan Yuan.;Mingjia Zheng.;Hongxing Wang.;Yi Yang.;Haibo Qiu.;Hui Chen.;Ling Liu.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期665-675页
Atelectasis frequently occurs in patients with impaired consciousness who are being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It is mainly caused by secretion accumulation, which can lead to longer durations of ventilation and ICU stay.
11. Behavioral Support by Ex-Smoking Peers Using Instant Messaging for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Ziqiu Guo.;Tzu Tsun Luk.;Xue Weng.;Yongda Wu.;Shengzhi Zhao.;Yuen Kwan Lai.;Derek Yee Tak Cheung.;Henry Sau Chai Tong.;Vienna Wai Yin Lai.;Tai Hing Lam.;Man Ping Wang.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期300-311页
Peer support could be beneficial for smoking cessation. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence is lacking regarding mobile-based behavioral support offered by ex-smoking peers on smoking cessation in community people who smoke.
12. Effectiveness of Health Communication Intervention to Improve Knowledge on Timeliness to Return for Annual Lung Cancer Screening: The Larch Trial.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Melissa L Anderson.;Lorella Palazzo.;Casey Luce.;Nadejda Bezman.;Margaret Chin.;Hongyuan Gao.;James D Ralston.;Kristine Rogers.;Yu-Ru Su.;Matthew Triplette.;Lisa Carter-Bawa.;Anjali Vasavada.;Matthew Jordan.;Maximillian West.;Sabrina Boler.;Beverly B Green.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期550-561页
Many patients are unaware of the need to repeat lung cancer screening (LCS) annually despite shared decision-making. A health communication intervention was tested to improve patient knowledge, tobacco-related stigma, and self-efficacy in LCS.
13. Pediatric Bronchiectasis Action Management Plan to Improve Clinical Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Kobi L Schutz.;Anne B Chang.;Lesley A Versteegh.;Stephanie T Yerkovich.;Peter S Morris.;Pamela Laird.;Andre Schultz.;Julie M Marchant.;Gabrielle B McCallum.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1097-1106页
Managing bronchiectasis exacerbations is a priority for patients, parents, and caregivers of children with bronchiectasis. However, evidence-based strategies among the pediatric population remain limited.
14. Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT).
作者: David J Gagnon.;Kristin M Burkholder.;Alexandra J Weissman.;Richard R Riker.;Sergey Ryzhov.;Teresa L May.;John DiPalazzo.;Joanne T deKay.;Lacey Knudsen.;Meagan W Moore.;Nicholas A Pozzessere.;Mary Weatherbee.;Muriel Kelly.;Adane S Nigatu.;Joseph L Sevigny.;Stephen Simpson.;W Kelley Thomas.;Clifton W Callaway.;Bram J Geller.;Douglas B Sawyer.;David B Seder.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期115-127页
Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. However, it has an uncertain impact on mortality and noninfectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
15. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
16. Medical Thoracoscopy With vs Without Prior Artificial Pneumothorax for Patients With Minimal or Absent Pleural Effusion.
作者: Kaige Wang.;Liang Zhou.;Min Zhu.;Wei Zhang.;Zhengguang He.;Xiaowu Tan.;Xing Luo.;Lingfeng Min.;Feng Xu.;Jun Zeng.;Hao Qin.;Jun Wang.;Huizhen Liu.;Dan Liu.;Panwen Tian.;Luca Richeldi.;Weimin Li.;Fengming Luo.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期269-279页
Thoracoscopy guidelines recommend inducing artificial pneumothorax before medical thoracoscopy in patients with minimal or absent pleural effusion. Single-arm studies have demonstrated that nonartificial pneumothorax approaches reduce operative time and complication rates compared with artificial pneumothorax techniques in these patients. However, there is a lack of trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of performing artificial pneumothorax vs not performing it in these cases.
17. Airway Mucus Plugging in Chronic Bronchitis and the Impact of Bronchial Rheoplasty.
作者: William S Krimsky.;Joseph G Mammarappallil.;Victor Kim.;Brett Bannan.;Jean-Paul Charbonnier.;Beryl A Hatton.;Frank C Sciurba.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期73-83页
Chronic bronchitis (CB) is characterized by excessive airway mucus production. Mucus plugs occluding the airway are common in CB, are associated with increased all-cause mortality, and can be identified on CT imaging.
18. Ultrathin Bronchoscopy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound and Rapid On-Site Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Factorial Trial.
作者: Erik Vakil.;Marc Fortin.;Anne V Gonzalez.;Laïla Samy.;Alex C Chee.;Elaine Dumoulin.;Marie Dvorakova.;Christopher A Hergott.;Moosa Khalil.;Noël Lampron.;Paul MacEachern.;Simon Martel.;Benjamin Shieh.;Mathieu Simon.;Thibaud Soumagne.;Tatjana Terzic.;Alain Tremblay.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期1034-1048页
The routine use of CT imaging and lung cancer screening has increased the identification of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Sampling may be needed for some nodules. Many new technologies are available to improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the sampling of PPLs, but few comparative trials exist. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) using an ultrathin bronchoscope (BF-MP190F; Olympus) with a non-ultrathin bronchoscope and to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with and without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
19. Oxygen Saturation Targets and Neurologic Outcomes Following Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Pragmatic Investigation of Optimal Oxygen Targets Trial.
作者: Stephanie C DeMasi.;Alexander T Clark.;Amelia L Muhs.;Jin H Han.;Kipp Shipley.;Jared J McKinney.;Li Wang.;Todd W Rice.;Ari Moskowitz.;Matthew E Prekker.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Matthew W Semler.;Kevin P Seitz.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1131-1140页
More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.
20. Effect of Admilparant, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Antagonist, on Disease Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Michael Kreuter.;Toby M Maher.;Wim A Wuyts.;Claudia Valenzuela.;Mark Hamblin.;Sinae Kim.;Aditya Patel.;Brandon Elpers.;Luca Richeldi.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷3期677-687页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.
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